江苏开放大学大学英语（B）（1）形成性考核作业4

D-1到D-15是未完成的句子，考核所学词汇与语法知识点，针对每个句子中未完成的部分有4个选项，请从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

D-1. —— Excuse me, how much is the T-shirt?

—— It’s 100 Yuan. _____

D-2. —— We are going to have a party tonight. Would you like to join us?

—— ____.

D-3. The police are trying to find out the _____ of the bank robber.

D-4. I often watch the boys _____ basketball on the weekend.

D-5. How much has our company _____ last year?

D-6. You look tired. Do you _____ a rest?

D-7. There at the door stood a girl about the same height _____.

D-8. When the subway is completed, we _____ get to downtown area easily.

D-9. Look! _____

D-10. Most of the artists _____ to the party were from America.

D-11. It is the ability to do the job _____ matters not where you come from or what you are

D-12. The crazy fans _____ patiently for two hours and they would wait till the movie star arrived.

D-13. He is one of the boys who _____ here on time. He is the only one of the boys who _____ here on time.

D-14. The reason _____ she accepted our suggestion is that she believes in us.

D-15. There is no use _____. We should solve the problem.

阅读Passage One，回答D-16到D-20五个问题。请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入题干空白处的最佳选项。

                                                                   Passage One

“Oh, you must have been a spoiled (宠坏的) kid. You must be really bossy. I wonder what you’re going to be like to deal with?” That’s often the response Angela Hult gets when people find out she’s an only child, she told ABC News. Despite such negative (消极的) remarks, Hult has decided to have only one child herself. And she’s not alone.

According to the US’ Office for National Statistics, women approaching the end of their childbearing years had an average of 1.9 children in 2004,compared with 3.1 for their counterparts in 1976.The percentage of one­child families in Britain had risen from 18 percent in 1972 to 26 percent in 2007.

But even though only children are becoming increasingly common，the traditional view that they’re selfish, spoiled and lack social skills holds strong. Even parents of only children, like Hult, are made to feel guilty about having only one child. Worried that they’re being selfish and endangering their child’s future, they flock to online discussion forums seeking advice. Soon, however, they ask themselves: is this social prejudice really reasonable?

“There have been hundreds and hundreds of research studies that show that only children are no different from their peers (同龄人), ” Susan Newman, a social psychologist at Rutgers University in the US，told ABC News.

This raises another question：why are only children still viewed with such suspicion?

“There is a belief that’s been around probably since humans first existed that to have just one child is somehow dangerous, both for you and for the continuation of your race, ” Toni Falbo, a professor of educational psychology, told the Guardian.“In the past a lot of children died. You’d have had to be crazy to only have one.”

Times, of course, have changed and infant mortality (婴儿死亡率) has largely reduced. So what do only children themselves say?

Kayley Kravitz, a blogger for The Huffington Post, grew up as an only child and highly recommends the experience.“Being an only child taught me the most valuable skill of all: the ability to be alone,” she said.

D-16．Which of the following could be the best title for the text?

阅读D-16题干中Passage One材料，完成本题。

D-17．What does Susan Newman mean?

阅读D-16题干中Passage One材料，完成本题。

D-18．What is the common belief since human existed?

阅读D-16题干中Passage One材料，完成本题。

D-19．An only child like Kayley ________.

阅读D-16题干中Passage One材料，完成本题。

D-20．What’s the author’s attitude towards having only one child?

阅读Passage Two,回答D-21到D-24四个问题。请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入题干空白处的最佳选项。

                                                                Passage Two

Norm Pethrick, a 36­year­old man in Australia’s northern city Darwin，was praised on Thursday for jumping onto a crocodile’s back to save his wife Wendy at Litchfield National Park, a popular tourist spot southwest of Darwin, a local newspaper reported.

Mrs Pethrick was standing on a river bank Wednesday afternoon when the saltwater crocodile lunged (扑), locking its jaws on both her legs as it tried to drag her underwater. Norm Pethrick, who with his wife had been collecting water, immediately went to help her. He jumped onto the back, poked (戳) the eyes of the crocodile and finally got his wife free.

Mrs Pethrick was later taken to Royal Darwin Hospital for a medical treatment. The doctors said she was suffering eight puncture wounds (伤口) in her right leg, a puncture wound in her left leg and a serious cut to one of her fingers.

“This could have been a fatal and tragic situation, ” said the general manager of Royal Darwin Hospital (RDH), Dr Len Notaras, according to a local report.

He said Mrs Pethrick was saved by her husband’s “quick and diligent actions”.

Dr Notaras also said she would remain in hospital for three to four days and have an operation to clean the wounds, which are easy to get infected because of bacteria (细菌) on the teeth of the crocodile.

D-21This passage is most likely to be found in         .

阅读D–21题干中Passage Two材料，完成本题。

D-22. The crocodile attacked Mrs Pethrick when she was         .

阅读D–21题干中Passage Two材料，完成本题。

D-23. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Mrs Pethrick?

阅读D–21题干中Passage Two材料，完成本题。

D-24. According to the passage，Norm Pethrick can be described as following EXCEPT         .

阅读Passage Three，回答D-25到D-27三个问题。请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入题干空白处的最佳选项。

                                                            Passage Three

Two recent studies have found that punishment is not the best way to influence behavior.

One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards. Researchers at Harvard University in the United States and the Stockholm School of Economics in Sweden did the study.

They had about two hundred college students play a version of the game known as the Prisoner’s Dilemma. The game is based on the tension (紧张气氛) between the interests (利益) of an individual and a group. The students played in groups of four. Each player could win points for the group, so they would all gain equally. But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players, at a cost to the punisher.

Harvard researcher David Rand says the most successful behavior proved to be cooperation. The groups that rewarded it the most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that rewarded it the least. And the more a group punished itself, the lower its earnings were. The group with the most punishment earned twenty-five percent less than the group with the least punishment. The study appeared last month in the journal Science.

The other study involved children. It was presented last month in California at a conference on violence and abuse. Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups. More than eight hundred children aged two to four the first time they were tested. More than seven hundred children aged five to nine.

The two groups were retested four years later, and the study compared the results with the first test. Both groups contained children whose parents used physical punishment and children whose parents did not. The study says the IQs–or intelligence quotients–of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were. In the older group, the difference was almost three points.

Murray Strauss from the University of New Hampshire worked with Mallie Paschall from the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation. Professor Strauss has written extensively about physical punishment of children. He says the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development. He also looked at average IQs in other nations and found them lower where spanking was more common.

D-25．Which could be the best title of the passage？

阅读D–25题干中Passage Three材料，完成本题。

D-26．The underlined word “spanked” probably means_____.

阅读D–25题干中Passage Three材料，完成本题。

D-27．According to the passage, the researchers may agree the best way to influence behavior is______.

阅读Passage Four，回答D-28到D–30三个问题。请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入题干空白处的最佳选项。

                                                                    Passage Four

How do you address(称呼) people in English when you want to talk to them? The following may be some simple rules the beginners should follow.

1. When talking to strangers there is often no special form of address in English. Usually, if you want to catch the attention of a stranger it is necessary to use such phrases as “Excuse me”.

2. In British English “Sir” and “Madam” are considered to be too formal(正式) for most situations. They are used mostly to customers(顾客) in shops or restaurants. While in American English “Sir” and “Madam” are not so formal and are commonly used between strangers, especially with older people whose names you don’t know.

3. When you talk to some people you know, you can use their names. If you are friends, use their first names; if your relationship is more formal, use “Mr”, “Mrs”, “Ms”, etc, before their family names.

4. There are many other forms of address which can be used between friends and strangers. However, many of these are limited in use.  For example, “pal” and “mate” can be used between strangers, but are usually only used by men talking to other men.

D-28. According to the passage, “Excuse me” is mainly used to _____.

阅读D–28题干中Passage Four材料，完成本题。

D-29. If John Smith is your best friend, according to the passage you should often call him _____.

阅读D–28题干中Passage Four材料，完成本题。

D-30. Which of the following is NOT true?

D-31至D-40为完型填空题，阅读材料中共包含10个未完成的句子，针对每个句子中空缺部分有4个选项，请从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Farley worked for the Canadian government. One day, he was D-31 to learn more about wolves. Do wolves kill lots of caribou（北美驯鹿）? Do they kill people?

They gave him lots of food and clothes and guns. Then they put him on a plane and took him to D-32. The plane put him down and went away. There were no houses or people in this place. But there were lots of animals and lots of wolves.

People tell terrible stories about wolves. They say wolves like to kill and eat people. Farley remembered these stories, and he was D-33. He had his gun with him D-34.

Then one day, he saw a group of wolves. There was a mother wolf with four baby wolves. A father wolf and another young wolf lived with them.

Farley watched these wolves every day. The mother was a very D-35 mother. She gave milk to her babies. She gave them lessons about life. They learned how to D-36  food. The father wolf got food for the mother. The young wolf  D-37 the children. They were a nice, happy family—wolf family! Farley did not need his D-38 anymore. In a short time, he got on well with the family. Farley watched them for five months. He learned that many stories about the wolves were D-39. Wolves do not eat people, and they do not eat many large animals. And he also learned bad things about men. It was men who killed many caribou and wolves.

Later, Farley wrote a book about wolves. He wanted people to D-40 them and not to kill them.

D-31. Which one is the best to fill in the blank？

阅读D–31题干中材料，完成本题。

D-32. Which one is the best to fill in the blank？

阅读D–31题干中材料，完成本题。

D-33. Which one is the best to fill in the blank？

阅读D–31题干中材料，完成本题。

D-34.Which one is the best to fill in the blank？

阅读D-31题干中材料，完成本题。

D-35.Which one is the best to fill in the blank？

阅读D–31题干中材料，完成本题。

D-36. Which one is the best to fill in the blank？

阅读D-31题干中材料，完成本题。

D-37. Which one is the best to fill in the blank？

阅读D–31题干中材料，完成本题。

D-38. Which one is the best to fill in the blank？

阅读D–31题干中材料，完成本题。

D-39.Which one is the best to fill in the blank？

阅读D–31题干中材料，完成本题。

D-40.Which one is the best to fill in the blank?

D-41到D-45是5个英文句子，针对每个英文句子有4个选项，请从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出翻译的最佳选项。

D-41. The focus is to prepare them for a position as the general manager of a location, overseeing the marketing and sales campaigns.

D-42. These programs are important to business success and will also contribute to the community at large.

D-43. Once we get these details in order, we should be ready to present our final report to the president.

D-44. Buyers and sellers will find the latest property prices, photos, and home selling information on our leading website!

D-45. We have been doing business with you for many years and hope that you will make the best offer for us.

D-46. Writing 写作要求在30分钟内，根据下面所给的题目与写作说明用英语写出一篇不少于100词的短文。

                                         Good Manners（谈礼貌）

写作说明：

（1）在与人交往中，有礼貌非常重要；

（2）什么是有礼貌；

（3）如何才能做到有礼貌。