天津市2018年中考英语试题
第Ⅰ卷
一、听力理解
A）在下列每小题内，你将听到一个或两个句子并看到供选择的A、B、C三幅图画。找出与你所听句子内容相匹配的图画。
1.A. 
B. 
C. 
2. A. 
B. 
C. 
3. A. 
B. 
C. 
4. A. 
B. 
C. 
B）下面你将听到十组対话，每组对话都有一个问题。根据对话内容，从每组所给的A、
B、C三个选项中找出能回答所提问题的最佳选项
5. What sport does Lingling like best
A. Swimming B. Skating C. Playing table tennis
6. Where are they going?
A. To a library B. To a zoo C. To a supermarket
7. Whose pens are these?
A. Daming’s B. Betty’s C. Tony’s
8. Who is that man?
A. Betty s brother B. Belly s dad C. Betty s uncle
9. Where is the woman s hometown?
A. In the north of China
B. In the south of China
C. In the cast of China
10. How often does Li lei’s grandpa go to see the Beijing Opera?
A. Once a month B. Twice a month C. Three times a month
11. What’s wrong with Jack?
A. He’s got a cold
B. He’s got a toothache
C. He’s got a stomach ache
12. What club docs Mary want to join?
A. The Music Club B. The Dance Club. C. The Chess Club
13. What is Daming going to do this Saturday afternoon?
A. Have a picnic B. Do his homework C. Watch a football match
14. How much are the two T-shirts?
A. 100 yuan B. 180 yuan C. 280 yuan
C）听下面长对话或独白。每段长对话或独白后都有几个问题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听下面一段材料，回答第15至第17题
15. When is Damings birthday party?
A. This Friday B. This Saturday C. This Sunday
16. Who makes a birthday cake for Daming?
A. His dad B. His mum C. His grandma
17. What Present does Betty want to give Daming?
A. British coins B. Tov cars C. American stamps
听下面一段材料，回答第18至第20题。
18. How long docs Zhang Hua read English new spapers cvery day?
A. Fifteen minutes B. Half an hour C. An hour
19. What does Zhang Hua talk about in English with friends?
A. Great books B. Sports news C. Computer games
20. How does Zhang Hua practise listening
A. By watching English films
B. By talking with foreigners
C. By listening to English songs
二、单项填空
从下列每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. There is ____old piano in ______corner of the living room.
A. an; the B. an; 不填 C. a; the D. a; a
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在起居室的角落里有一架钢琴。本题考查冠词。In the corner of在···角落，固定短语，可排除B，D；old的第一个音素是元音音素，元音音素前使用an，可排除B；故正确答案是A。
2. —She is too busy to help us finish the work
—Let’s do it______
A. herself B. myself C. itself D. ourselves
【答案】D
【解析】句意：她太忙了不能帮我们完成工作。——让我们自己做吧。本题考查反身代词。A. herself 她自己； B. myself我自己 ；C. itself 它自己；D. ourselves我们自己
根据句意“我们自己做”故使用ourselves，所以选D。
3. I am afraid we can not ______to take a taxi. Let s go by underground instead
A. refuse B. afford C. forget D. fall
【答案】B
4. Her smile made me feel warm and lively. It was like a hidden_______.
A. competition B. interview C. treasure D. tradition
【答案】C
【解析】句意：她的微笑使我感到温暖和活力。就像一份珍藏的财富。本题考查名词。A. competition 竞赛；B. interview采访；C. treasure财富，宝藏；D. tradition传统。根据句意选C。
5. Tianjin is one of _______cities in China.
A. big B. bigger C. the biggest D. the bigger
【答案】C
【解析】句意：天津是中国最大的城市之一。本题考查形副最高级的用法。 “one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数 ”这种有最高级的句型中，表示……是最……中之一 后面的名词一定要是复数形式。形容词使用最高级，故选C
6. Mum asked me to ______for dinner.
A. lay the table B. go to sleep C. keep a diary D. lake a vacation
【答案】A
7. In the picture, he sits ______me, looking very happy.
A. beside B. among C. up D. through
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在这张照片中，他坐在我的旁边，看上去非常高兴。本题考查介词。A. beside在···旁边； B. among 在··中 ；C. up 向上 ；D. through穿过。根据句意选A.
8. —Can you open a gift______ after you receive it In England?
—Yes. We don’t have to wait.
A. main B. immediately C. nearly D. loudly
【答案】B
【解析】句意：在英国，收到礼物之后，你能立刻打开吗？
——是的，我们没有必要等。本题考查副词。A. main 主要的，最重要的; 全力的 ；B. immediately 立刻，马上 ； C. nearly 几乎，差不多 ；D. loudly大声地。由第二句得知我们等不及打开礼物了，可知第一句想表达“收到后立刻打开礼物”。故选B。
9. —Must I come before 6: 30 tomorrow?
—No. You______ There will be plenty of time.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. couldn’t D. needn’t
【答案】D
【解析】句意：明天我必须六点半前到吗？
——不，你不必，将有足够的时间。本题考查情态动词的用法。Must是“必须”的意思，当其变为一般疑问句时，否定回答要用needn’t“不必”；肯定回答用must“必须”，mustn’t不是“不必”的意思，而是一种禁止，一定不能做的意思。所以本题选D。
10. Tony was drawing a picture_______ I was doing my homework.
A. if B. because C. while D. until
【答案】C
【解析】句意：Tony 正在画画，而我在做作业。本题考查连词。由前后两句话的 was doing 能发现是两个过去进行时的动作，因此可以选用 while 链接，属于时间状语从句。与 A. if 引导的条件状语从句和 B. because 引导的原因状语从句无关。而 D. until 表示直到，与原句逻辑关系不符。故正确答案为C。
11. —Jerry, have you ever been to the Great Wall?
—Yes. I______ there with my parents last year
A. go B. went C. will go D. have gone
【答案】B
【解析】句意：-Jerry，你曾经去过长城吗？
——是的，去年我和我父母一起去那儿的。本题考查动词的时态。由第二句的时间标志词 last year 可以理解句意为去年我和爸妈去过长城。属于一般过去时的标志词，故选 B. went。本题容易误选D. have gone 已经去过，但是需要注意现在完成时的时间标志词。
12. Harry invited me_______ with him when his parents were out of town.
A. stay B. staved C. staying D. to stay
【答案】D
【解析】句意：Harry 邀请我在他爸妈不在镇上的时候去陪他待着。本题考查动词的时态。A. stay 原型； B. staved过去式； C. staying 现在分词； D. to stay动词不定式。
Invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事，故选D to stay。
13. Dr Bethune ________ still________ in both China and Canada today
A. is; remembered B. is; remembering
C. will; remember D. has; remembered
【答案】A
【解析】句意：如今白求恩医生仍然被中国和加拿大的人民纪念。 Dr Bethune是动作的承受者，故使用被动语态，又因句中有时间状语 today（今天），故使用一般现在时被动语态，故选A。
14. —Please tell me______.
—At ten o’clock
A. where you have your English lesson
B. where do you have your English lesson
C. what time you have your English lesson
D. what time do you have your English lesson
【答案】C
【解析】句意：请告诉我你什么时间上英语课。
——十点。本题考查宾语从句。首先可以从 Please tell me 分析出本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，可排除B，D；根据答语At ten o’clock是时间，可排除A。故正确答案是C。
15. —Tom fell of his bike and hurt his knee.
—________.
A. Pretty good B. That s too bad
C. That s funny D. That s a good idea
【答案】B
【解析】句意：Tom 从自行车上摔下来，伤了膝盖。本题考查情景交际。A. Pretty good很好；B. That s too bad太糟糕了；C. That s funny 非常有趣 ；D. That s a good idea是个好主意。第一句表达 Tom 从自行车上摔下伤到了膝盖。下面应该选择表示遗憾的句子，因此选用 B.
三、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
My name is Damian Costa. I was born in a small village in Italy in 1952. I spent the first few Years of my life there before my family___16___to Perth Australia
We arrived in Australia in the summer of 1957. I went to___17___and I had to attend special classes to learn English as all the lessons were taught in English.
We did not have much___18___. so we lived very simply. My parents worked as cleaners. They earned（挣钱）just enough for us to survive（维持生活）and___19___ a little money. My father had always wanted to___20___a small restaurant. Finally.___21___ten years of hard work, in June1967, he managed to save enough and opened our first pizzeria（比萨饼店）.
___22___business was slow at first, it soon got better. I helped out at the pizzeria after school and at weekends. Just two years after we___23___my father decided that we needed a full-time waiter. Then he decided to___24___me the art of making wood-fired pizzas.
Today we have three branches(分店), in Perth. Sydney and Adelaide. My children have___25___learned how to make pizzas and they quite enjoy it. I hope to pass on the business to them.
16. A. returned B. moved C. pointed D. connected
17. A. school B. hospital C. church D. business
18. A. paper B. illness C. health D. money
19. A. save B. borrow C. share D. choose
20. A. sell B. see C. open D. leave
21. A. before B. after C. during D. between
22. A. Because B. If C. Although D. Whether
23. A. played B. relaxed C. started D. stopped
24. A. like B. teach C. believe D. lend
25. A. perhaps B. never C. hardly D. also
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. C 21. B 22. C 23. C 24. B 25. D
【解析】本文主要讲述了作者的生活经历，作者家比萨饼店从无到有，到发扬光大的过程。
16. 句意：在我的家人搬到澳洲珀斯之前，我在那里度过了我生命的最初几年。本题考查动词。. A. returned 返回 ；B. moved 搬迁；C. pointed指；D. connected连接。结合下文We arrived in Australia in the summer of 1957。选.B。
17. 句意：我上学并且我必须上特殊的英语课，因为所有的课都是用英语上的。. A. school 学校；B. hospital 医院；C. church 教堂；D. business生意。由I had to attend special classes to learn English as all the lessons were taught in English知选A。
18. 句意：我们没有很多钱，因此我们生活得很简单。. A. paper 纸‘’B. illness疾病 ；C. health 健康 ；D. money金钱。“没有很多钱”是“生活得很简单”的原因。故选D。
19. 句意：他们挣的钱仅仅够我们维持生活的几乎省不下几个钱。本题考查动词。 A. save 节省； B. borrow 借； C. share 分享 ；D. choose选择。根据句意选A。
20. 句意：我父亲总想开一家小餐馆。 A. sell出售 ；B. see看见 ；C. open打开； D. leave离开。根据下文 in June1967, he managed to save enough and opened our first pizzeria（比萨饼店）.知选C。
21. 句意：终于，经过了十年的艰辛工作之后，在1967年6月，他设法省钱开了我们的第一家比萨饼店。A. before在···之前 ；B. after 在···之后； C. during 在··期间 ；D. between在两者之间。根据句意选B
22. 句意：尽管起初生意很慢，但是不久就会好多了。A. Because因为； B. If 是否； C. Although 尽管 ；D. Whether是否。由本句前后两部分“一开始生意发展缓慢”和“很快变得更好”，可以推断两个部分属于转折关系，虽然一开始缓慢，但是后期很快变得更好。所以选用 C. Although
23. 句意：就在我们开始营业的两年后，我父亲决定需要一个全职的服务员。A. played 玩，打； B. relaxed 放松； C. started 开始，开业 ；D. stopped停止，根据句意选C。
24. 句意：然后，他决定教我木制烧烤比萨的艺术。A. like 喜欢； B. teach教 ； C. believe 相信 ； D. lend借，根据句意选B。
25. 句意：我的孩子们也学习怎样制作比萨并且他们非常享受它。A. perhaps 或许 ； B. never 从不 ； C. hardly 几乎不 ； D. also也。由后半句 they quite enjoy it 可以推断出孩子们很喜欢，说明是学习了做披萨的方法，而且从我的父亲传授给我，到我传授给我的孩子，属于第二次亲子间的传授，所以选用了 also，表示也。故答案为C。
点睛：完型填空的”三遍法”： 首先，完型填空的首句一般都是完整的，其目的是给答题者一个整体思路，顺着这个整体思路进行第一遍的”跳读”，也就是不看选项通读全篇。接下去进行第二遍的诸题攻破，边看边选。这遍做起来是最费时间的，因为每选一个空，都要考虑到有关的语义搭配、固定句式、词组、时态等各个方面。比如，如果选项是动词，那么，考查的可能是时态，动词过去式、过去分词的规则、不规则变化；如果选项是介词，考查的可能是固定搭配或词组；如果选项是连词，则考的可能是上下文的顺承转接等等。这就要求答题者有较深的基础知识功底，同时，要能做到上下呼应，左右连接。在填完所有的空之后，就进入到了第三遍的纠错过程。这一步要求把所有的选项一一对应到相应的空中，把它作为一篇完整的阅读文章来通读、复查。 许多学生经常会忽略或意识不到这一步的重要，其实，通过最后一遍的通读，可以通过语感分析出选项是否与语境相吻合，是否与原文协调一致，是否符合应有的逻辑关系。这样看来，这一遍绝对是重中之重、不可或缺的。
四、阅读理解
阅读下面面的材料，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Dear Susan,
How are you? I’m going to visit Hong Kong with Mum and Dad next month. We’ll arrive on the second of August. it’s so exciting! We can meet each other soon!
I will spend a day in Ocean Park on the third of August. I know that you’ve visited Ocean Park many times before. Can you give me some advice on what to see in Ocean Park?
I would also like to visit you at your home on the fourth of August. Are you free on that day? I’ve bought a present for you. I think you’ll love it.
By the way. would you like to go to Disney land with me? I really want to take some photos with you in Disneyland You know I love the famous cartoon characters of Disney such as Snow White and Mickey Mouse very much. I know you love them too.
When can you go to Disneyland with me? Please let me know. I’ll stay until the ninth of August and go back to England on that day
See you soon
Love
Lily
26. When will Lily arrive in Hong Kong?
A. On the second of August B. On the third of August
C. On the fourth of August D. On the ninth of August
27. How long will Lily spend in Ocean Park?
A. Half a day B. One day
C. One and a half days D. Two days
28. What will Lily do on the fourth of August?
A. Buy a present B. Visit Ocean Park
C. Go back to England D. Visit Susan at her home
29. What will Lily do in Disney land?
A. Take photos B. Watch a cartoon
C. See a film of Mickey Mouse D. Read the story of Snow White
30. Lily wants to know_______
A. if Susan has received her present
B. when she will go back to England
C. if Susan can meet her at the airport
D. when Susan can go to Disney land with her
【答案】26. A 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. D
【解析】本文是Lily写给Susan的一封信。主要介绍了Lily和他父母去香港的行程计划。
26. 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句We’ll arrive on the second of August。我们将在八月二号到达。知选A。
27. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句I will spend a day in Ocean Park on the third of August.八月三号我将在海洋公园度过一天。知选B。
28. 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句I would also like to visit you at your home on the fourth of August.八月四号，我还将到你家拜访你（Susan），知选D。
29. 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句I really want to take some photos with you in Disneyland我真想和你一起在迪尼斯乐园拍些照片。知选A。
30. 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句When can you go to Disneyland with me?你什么时候能和我一起去迪尼斯乐园？知选D。
B
I did something wrong today.
While at the beach this afternoon. I met a boy called Bob We talked a lot. He said that it was fun playing on the cliffs (悬崖). I told him that I was not allowed to go near that place( Mum and Dad had always told me it was dangerous to play there). He called me a coward. I wanted to prove to him that I was just as brave, so I agreed to go with him
We wanted to make our way down to explore (探索)the area. so Bob started to climb down and I followed him. Unluckily. some rocks came down after us. One of them nearly hit my head. We could not get back up. We shouted and shouted for help. but for a long time no help came. I was really scared. I wanted to cry. Then, we heard some sounds. Someone had heard us. A woman tied (系 )a rope around herself while a man at the cliff top held the rope. She made her way down to save us.
My parents were relieved (宽慰的)that I was unhurt, but they were angry that I had done such a risky thing. I apologized and promised that I would not do anything like that again
31. Where did the writer meet Bob?
A. At school B. In the park
C. At the beach D. On the cliffs
32. In Paragraph 2. “a coward” means______
A. a person who is not brave B. a person who is not clever
C. a person who is not strong D. a person who is not polite
33. What had the writer s parents always warned him about?
A. The wind was very strong
B. The beach was too far away
C. The cliffs were not a safe place
D. Bob was difficult to get on with
34. Put the sentences in the right order according to the passage
a. Some rocks came down
b. The writer followed Bob
c. The writer wanted to cry
d. A man and a woman saved them
e. The writer and Bob heard some sounds
A. a-b-c-d-e B. b-a-c-e-d C. a-c-b-e-d D. b-c-a-e-d
35. How did the writer feel about what he had done?
A. Surprised B. Excited C. Glad D. Sorry
【答案】31. C 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D
【解析】本文主要是叙述了作者的一次冒险经历，并为此而感到难过。并表示再也不做那样冒险的事情了。
31. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句While at the beach this afternoon. I met a boy called Bob知作者在沙滩上遇见Bob，故选C。
32. 推断题。根据下句I wanted to prove to him that I was just as brave, so I agreed to go with him我想向他证明我也一样勇敢，于是我同意和他一起去。可推断出He called me a coward他称我.是“不勇敢的人”，故选A。
33. 细节理解题。根据Mum and Dad had always told me it was dangerous to play there父母总是告诉我在那里（悬崖）玩是危险的，知悬崖不是一个安全的地方，故选C。
34. 通读第二段知作者跟随Bob去探索海洋，（b）一些石头下来了 (a)，他们回不去了，大声呼救，作者害怕了想哭(c)，然后听到了一些声音 (e)，一个男士和一个妇女救了他们(d)。所以选B。
35. 推断题。由开头I did something wrong today.我今天做了一件错事。和结尾but they were angry that I had done such a risky thing. I apologized and promised that I would not do anything like that again但是他们对我所做的这样一件冒险的事情而感到生气，我道歉并保证再也不做那样的事情了。得知作者对自己所做的事情感到难过。故选D。
C
In the 13th century. Marco Polo the world known Italian travelled saw many wonderful things in China. One of the things he discovered was money made of paper. People in the West did not have such kind of money until the I5th century. However the Chinese began to use it in the 7th century
Paper was invented by a Chinese man called Cai Lun almost 2,000 years ago. But it was not made in Europe until the year I 100. Four hundred years later, a German discovered that he could make the best paper from trees. After that countries rich in forests, such as Canada Sweden. America. Finland became the most important ones in paper making
Paper can be used in many ways. The common uses include newspapers magazines and books. But do you know that paper can be used for keeping warm? In Finland. the farmers wear paper boots to keep their feet warm in the snow. And even houses can be insulated(使绝缘)from heat or cold with paper.
However. we have to understand that paper still comes from trees now. If we keep on wasting so much paper, there will not be any trees left on the earth some day in the near future. Every day people throw away about 2, 800 tons of paper in our city. It takes 17 trees to make one ton of paper. This means that we are cutting down nearly 48.000 trees every day. The fact is that it takes more than 10 years for a tree to grow.
So we must start saving paper right now. We can use both sides of every piece of paper. We can make useful things out of used paper. We can use china cups instead of paper ones. When shopping, we can use fewer paper bags and reuse them if we have some
In short, we should keep a balance (平衡)between using paper and protecting trees, and do it now before it is too late.
36. When did the Chinese begin to use paper money?
A. In the 5th centum B. In the 6th century
C. In the 7th centum D. In the 15th century
37. Why did Canada become an important country in paper making?
A. Because it was a large country B. Because it had lots of forests
C. Because it was a very rich country D. Because the inventor was from Canada
38. In Finland. paper is used for______.
A. making beds B. reducing waste
C. making umbrellas D. keeping warm
39. According to the passage. how many trees are needed to make one ton of paper?
A. 10 B. 17. C. 2,800 D. 48,000
40. Paragraph 5 mainly talks about______
A. how paper boots are made B. how paper was invented
C. how we can save paper D. how we can make useful things
【答案】36. C 37. B 38. D 39. B 40. C
【解析】本文主要说明纸的历史，用途、制作等。
36. 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句However the Chinese began to use it in the 7t century然而中国在七世纪开始使用它（纸）故选C。
37. 推断题。根据Four hundred years later, a German discovered that he could make the best paper from trees. After that countries rich in forests, such as Canada Sweden. America. Finland became the most important ones in paper making（四百年后，一个德国人发现他能够用树木制造最好的纸。从那之后，森林丰富的国家如加拿大，瑞典，美国芬兰成为造纸最重要的国家）。加拿大之所以成为一个在造纸方面重要的国家是因为它森林丰富，故选B。
38. 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句In Finland. the farmers wear paper boots to keep their feet warm in the snow.在芬兰，农民们穿纸靴子在雪地里保暖。知纸可以用来保暖，故选D。
39. 细节理解题。根据第四段第四句It takes 17 trees to make one ton of paper.知制造一吨纸需要17棵树。故选B。
40. 主旨大意题。第五段的主要阐述如何节约用纸。故选C。
五、补全对话
根据对话内容，从方框内选择恰当的句子将对话补充完整。（选项中有两项是多余的）
| A. Do you know why she treats you like that?
B. what’s her name? C. Have you mentioned this to her? D. What’s happened? E. She s very tall F. Or she probably feels lonely without you G. But she’s so different |
A: Lingling, you look unhappy. What’s up?
B: Dad. I have a problem with my best friend
A: ___41___
B: We’ve been friends for five years. We went to different schools last term. And she came to study at my school this tern. I was very happy al first___42___
A: Can you tell me how she’s different?
B: She doesn’t like me to see my other friends
A:___43___
B: Yes. I have. But she refused to listen.
A: ___44___
B: No. I don t know.
A: Maybe she doesn’t feel sure of herself ___45___
B: Maybe. What shall I do then?
A: You can introduce her to your other friends and encourage her to join in more.
B: I see. Thanks, Dad.
【答案】41. D 42. G
43. C 44. A
45. F
【解析】本文是一段有关同学关系的对话。
41. 根据上句I have a problem with my best friend我和我最好的朋友之间产生问题了。知下文要问：怎么了，发生什么事了，故选D
42. 根据下文Can you tell me how she’s different?你能告诉我她怎么不同吗？知上文填G， But she’s so different但是他是这样不同。
43. 根据答语Yes. I have. But she refused to listen（.是的，我提到过，但是她拒绝听。）所以选择带有“Have you…”的一般疑问句，选C Have you mentioned this to her?（你跟她提到过这件事吗？）
44. 根据“No, I don’t know.”得知上文应该是“Do you know…”开头的一般疑问句。故填A Do you know why she treats you like that?（你知道他为什么那样对待你吗？）
45. 根据上句Maybe she doesn’t feel sure of herself（或许她感到不自信，）知本空应选择和猜测朋友感受相关的内容。故填F.
六、完成句子
根据所给中文意思完成句子，每空限填一词。
46. 下一站我得下车了。
I have to____ _____the bus at the next stop.
47. 给他盖件外套，确保他身上暖和。
Cover him with a coat and _____ ______he is warn
48. 我们这次旅行在倒计时，快要结束了。
We are _____ ______the days to the end of this tour
49. 最后他成功地解決了这个问题。
He successfully solved the problem_______ _______
50. 在那个年代，书籍是靠手工制作的。
In those days, books were produced______ ______.
【答案】46. (1). get (2). off
47. (1). make (2). sure
48. (1). counting (2). down
49. (1). at (2). last
50. (1). by (2). hand
【解析】
46. get off离开; 下（车、马等）; 发出；at the next stop.在下一站。have to必须，不得不，后跟动词原形。故答案是(1). get (2). off
47. make sure意思是“把事情弄清楚，核实或查明某事物; 设法确保出现某事物;”本句是一个祈使句。And是并列连词，前面用动词原形cover后面也应使用动词原形，故答案是 (1). make (2). sure
48. 。Count down倒数。Count down the days倒计时；the end of结尾。本句是现在进行时态故采用Count的分词形式，所以答案为 (1). counting (2). down
49. at last最后，终于。Solve the problem解决问题successfully是副词“成功地”答案是(1). at (2). last
50. by hand手工; 用手的.。本句是一般过去时被动语态。在那个年代，书籍是靠手工制作的。Books是动作的承受者；by hand手工; 用手的.。by是介词表示方式。
七、任务型阅读
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成句子。
Albert Einstein(1879-1955)
Early Life
Albert Einstein was born on I4th March,1879 in Germany. He was an extraordinary (非凡的)person since he was born. Einstein wasn’t able to speak a word until three. He was curious(好奇的)and imaginative. He loved watching things carefully and asked a lot of questions about them
His questions were often hard to answer for teachers.
Schooling
Einstein started school in 1885. Though he did well in maths and science, he failed in many subjects like history geography and languages. He was not the teachers favourite. He didn’t enjoy going to school. Einstein finished high school in Switzerland and entered a university in Zurich. He graduated（大学毕业）as a teacher of maths and physics in1900.
Scientific Work
After graduation. Einstein worked at the Patent Office. He spent much time studying physics. By 1909, Einstein had become a top scientist. Though he became successful in the field of science, he still put great effort in scientific research. Finally, he won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1921.
Later life
Einstein kept at his research until he died in 1955. Scientists studied his brain(脑)after his death to see if there was anything special about it. However there was no conclusion(结论).
Today, many famous scientists still think Einstein is the smartest man in the world.
51. Einstein loved watching things carefully and ______about them
52. Though Einstein_______ he failed in many subjects.
53. Finally. Einstein won the Nobel Prize _______in1921
54. Scientists studied Einstein s brain after he died so that_______.
55. Many famous scientists still think Einstein is_______.
【答案】51. asked a lot of questions
52. did well in maths and science
53. for physics
54. they could see if there was anything special about it
55. the smartest man in the world
【解析】本文主要介绍了Albert Einstein生平事迹。
51. 根据第一段倒数第二句He loved watching things carefully and asked a lot of questions about them知答案是asked a lot of questions。
52. 根据第二段第二句Though he did well in maths and science, he failed in many subjects like history geography and languages.知答案是did well in maths and science
53. 根据第三段第一句Finally, he won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1921知答案是for physics。
54. 根据第四段第二句Scientists studied his brain(脑)after his death to see if there was anything special about it可知。但是本题需要进行适当修改才能满足“so that”句式，so that+句子，所以.答案为they could see if there was anything special about it
55. 根据最后一句Today, many famous scientists still think Einstein is the smartest man in the world.知答案为the smartest man in the world
八、综合填空
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
How do we know the time? A clock, a watch or a cell phone can help us. However many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries people have developed different w___56___of telling the time.
About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians i___57___the sun clock. This was a tall stone structure. Its shadow (影子)showed the movement of the s___58___they were able to determine（测定）midday.
About 3,500 years ago,the Egyptians made a sundial. It was smaller than the sun clock and could measure (测量)the time for half a day. On c___59___days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial.
Water clocks were the f___60___clocks not to use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows（流动） from one container（容器）to another. When the water reaches a certain l ___61___ it moves a lever (控制杆)and this shows the hours. The Egyptians used water clocks about 3,400 years ago. These clocks were popular in the Middle East and China but they f___62___
o keep accurate（精确的）time.
In the 13th century. the mechanical clock was invented. This was more accurate, b___63___was expensive to make. Over the next few centuries it was developed. For example, springs(发条)were added around 1500. This i____64____accuracy and allowed clocks to be smaller.
In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed. Clocks became cheaper to build and own. People began depending on them more and more to run businesses, markets and so on.
More recently, in1956, came the digital clock. And nowadays satellites（人造卫星）send our cell phones the time to the exact second. There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping but some things never c___65___. Man of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not missing appointments.
【答案】56. ways
57. invented
58. sun 59. cloudy
60. first 61. level
62. failed 63. but
64. improved
65. change
【解析】本文主要说明了是计时工具的发展历史，从原始计时到机械计时再到数码计时。
56. 前文提到”A clock, a watch or a cell phone”, 可知这里是在说计量时间的“方法、手段”， 又因为前有形容词 different 修饰，可知不止一种，所以要填复数 ways。
57. 根据前文 people have developed 可知，本文是写古人发明的计时方法， 所以这里填 invent“发明”；根据时间状语“about 5500 years ago”可知要使用一般过去时，所以填 invented.
58. 根据文章可知埃及人发明的 the sun clock 是计时工具，那它的影子记录的肯定是太阳的运动，这里填 sun。
59. 根据文章可知，埃及人发明的 sundial 和 the sun clock 都是通过记录太阳的运动轨迹来计时的，所以在没有太阳的阴天和晚上就用不了了，所以应该填cloudy.
60. 前面两段说的计时工具都是基于太阳的运动，缺点是没有太阳的日子和时间里就用不了。所以根据文章发展，这里写到了 water clocks 是第一种不用太阳而用水来计时的，所以应该是“首次”，填 first.
61. 根据前文，water clock 的工作原理是水从一个容器流到另一个容器，所以随着时间推移，水位应该是不断上升的，所以填 level，表示当水到达一个特定的水位时。
62. 根据这几段的行文逻辑，每次介绍一个计时工具都是先说优点再说缺点， water clock 的优点是没有太阳也能用，所以在中东和中国很受欢迎。根据转折词 but 可知后面该写缺点了，根据下一段“机械钟更加准确”可知水钟的缺点应该是不太准确。所以应该是考 fail to do 不能做什么。又因为全文都是一般过去时，所以填 failed.
63. 机械钟的优点是更加准确，空后面的分句说的是造价高，所以是写缺点，前后出现了语义转折，所以应该填 but.
64. 根据前文“接下来的几个世纪，它被改良了”，所以应该是“提升”了精确性，所以填 improved.
65. 根据前一句“在计时上已经有了很多的进步，但是”可知后面应该出现语义转折，一些东西变了那另一些东西肯定是从来没“改变”，而且通过 nowadays 可知最后一段的时间已转到了现在，所以应该用一般现在时，填 change。
点睛：这篇综合填空写的是计时工具的发展历史，从原始计时到机械计时再到数码计时，非常符合中考综合填空题型中科技类说明文的出题特点。其中重点考查了连词 but 前后的语义转折，以及上下文中近义词的相互提示，比如 develop 和 improve。10 道题中有 4 道题出现了词性变化。另一大特点是，生词量较往年有所增加，对考生的词汇量提出了较高要求
66. 书面表达
86.请你根据以下内容提示，以“The Story of Li Hua”为题，为学校广播站英语专栏写一篇短文，介绍发生在你班同学李华身上的一件事。
（1）上周五放学后李华乘公交车回家，看到有人在吃橘子，并把橘皮扔在车上。
（2）李华把橘皮捡起，放进垃圾桶。
（3）乘客用手机拍了照片，发布到网上。
（4）老师知道后表扬了李华，李华说这是他应该做的。
（5）你觉得
参考词汇：果皮peel 垃圾桶dustbin 发布post 表扬praise
要求：
（1）词数：80-100个。
（2）短文的题目和开头已给出，不计入总词数。
（3）要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。
The Story of Li Hua
Last Friday, when my classmate Li Hua took a bus back home from school. ______________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The Story of Li Hua
Last Friday, when my classmate Li Hua took a bus back home from school. After school last Friday, Li Hua took a bus home and saw someone eating oranges and throwing orange peel on the bus.So he picked it up and put it into the dustbin. The passenger on the bus took photos of Li Hua with their mobile phones and and posted them online. After knowing it, the teacher praised Li Hua and encouraged others to learn from him.I think Li Hua did a good deed. It is impolite to throw litter in public places.
【解析】本文内容应包含题目中所提供的所有信息。灵活运用各种句式，采用不同的表达方式将各个要点完整地表述出来，注意主次分明，详略得当。语言力求准确，简洁。最后必须认真查验是否有漏写，有无拼写错误及标点误用等。
点睛：这篇短文使用了大量的固定短语，为文章增色不少，如take a bus；put··· into ；take photos of； encourage to do sth;；learn from等； and ;so 和固定句型It is +形容词+to do sth等的运用，使文章的表达更有逻辑性，更富有条理；同时语言流畅，内容完整，是一篇不错的范文。
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