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命题趋势：
动词的时态和语态是中考出现频率较高的语法项目之一。考题多以具体的语境为主，体现了对语法知识、语境理解、语言交际能力的综合考查。过去完成时不是考频较高的一个知识点，但是是难度较大的一个知识点。
中考考查重点：
过去完成时的用法和构成
过去完成时的用法
1. 表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，即＂过去的过去＂。通常与by，before连用。
We had learned 5,000 words by the end of last month. 到上个月底，我们已经学了5，000个单词。
2. 表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当公共汽车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。
3. 过去完成时需 要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存 在此时多与 already, yet, still, just, before, never等时间副词及by, before, until 等引导的短语或从句连用。
Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.
Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.
4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。
By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.(had worked 已有了 20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能)
由时间状语来判定
一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：
1. by + 过去的时间点。
I had finished reading the novel by nine o’clock last night.
2. by the end of + 过去的时间点。
We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
3. before + 过去的时间点。
They had planted six hundred tr ees before last Wednesday.
过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：
1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调＂过去的过去＂；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较：
They had arriv ed at the station by ten yesterday.
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。如：
She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.
3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的 动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在 before, after, as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如：
He e ntered the room, turned on the light an d read an evening paper.
I (had) called her before I left the office.
过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为＂助动词 have (has) + 过去分词＂；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调＂过去的过去＂，只 有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它 。试比较：
I have learned 1000 Eng lish words so far. 到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
I had learned 1000 English words till then. 到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
—I’m sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。
—Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. 没什么，我只等了几分钟。(＂等＂的动作从 过去某一时间点持续到现在)
—John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。
—Where had he been? 他去哪儿了？(答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即＂过去的过去＂)
过去完成时的构成
had +动词的过去分词
一、单项选择。
1. —What are Mr and Mrs Black doing?
—They ___________ tea in the garden.
A. are drinking B. drank C. have drunk D. drink
2. My mother often asks me ___________ early.
A. get up B. got up C. getting up D. to get up
3. Soon Wu Dong ___________ up with Li Lei, then they were neck and neck.
A. taught B. caught C. bought D. brought
4. The car ___________ and stopped at the red traffic light.[来
[来源:学|科|网]A. got on B. got off C. slowed down D. picked up
5. Tom ___________ the CD player for two weeks.
A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had
6. —Do you know ___________?
—Sorry, but if he ___________ back, I ___________ you know as soon as possible.
A. when will he be back, comes, will let B. when he will be back, will come, will let
C. what time will he be back, will come, 
let D. what time he will be back, comes, will let
7. We ___________ to the park if it is fine tomorrow.
A. will go B. have gone C. go
8. A new shoe factory will ___________ in this part of the city.
A. be building B. be built C. build
9. —___________ all your thing 
s, Tom! I hate them here and there.
—OK, Mom.
A. Put up B. Put on C. Put down D. Put away
10. —How about going hiking this weekend?
—Sorry, I prefer ___________ rather than ___________.
A. to stay at home; go out B. to go out; stay at home
C. staying at home; go out D. going out; stay at home
二、填空。
1. When I returned home, he ___________(leave).
2. By ten yesterday evening, she ___________(finish)writing.
3. He ___________ (study) English for five years before he came here.
4. It ___________ ___________(stop)raining when I wake up this morning.
5. I ___________ (not read) the book because I had read it before.
6. She said she ___________(be)born in 1992.
7. When he ___________(come) to China two years ago he found people didn’t understand him at all though he ___________(learn) some Chinese in his own country.
8. I saw Han Mei yesterday. We ___________(not see)each other since left Beijing.
9. When I got to his home, he ___________(go)to bed.
10. She asked if Mr. Li ___________ already ___________(come)back.
1. (2019 •四川省内江市)Tom said he _______basketball with his classmates from 4:00 to 6:00 yesterday afternoon.
A. is played B. was playing C. plays D. had played
2. (2019 •江苏省无锡市)—Uncle Sam said he ____________ my birthday party, but he never showed up.
—That’s Uncle Sam. He forgets everything!
A. will attend B. would attend C. has attended D. had attended
3. (2019 •湖北省武汉市)I ate some fruit, which I ______ since I was a child, and the vegetables from my garden.
A. have enjoyed B. enjoyed
C. enjoy D. had enjoyed
4. (2018 • 内蒙古包头中考)—Has your daughter come back from Australia?
—Yes. She ___________ there for three years.
A. has stayed B. stays C. stayed D. had stayed
5. (2017 • 上海中考)Several journalists ___________ the lawyer about the international case an hour ago.
A. interview B. interviewed C. will interview D. had interviewed
6. (2018 • 绥化中考)He asked me ___________.
A. if I would go skating with him B. when did I buy the CD
C. that I had a good time
7. (2018 • 湖北咸宁中考)—High-speed trains, Mobile payment, Sharing bikes and Online shopping are called “four new great inventions” of modern China.
—They ___________ our daily lives more convenient.
A. have made B. had made C. have been made D. made
8. (2016 • 天津中考)—What a nice watch! How long ___________ you ___________ it?
—For just two weeks.
A. will; buy B. have; had C. were; having D. did; buy
1. (天津市第一中学2018届九年级下学期第三次月考)So far they ___________ to speak four languages. Sometimes they ___________ them.
A. have learned; have mixed B. have learned; mix
C. learned; mix D. learned; mixed
2. (河北省武邑中学2019届九年级上学期第二次月考)—We have a successful school celebration.
—That’s true. Our chairperson ________ all the students _______ his good speech.
A. impressed; by B. has impressed; with C. made; by D. has made; with
3. (海南省海南中学2018届九年级中招模拟考试)Unless you ________ your ID card, the teacher won’t let you in.
A. will have B. have C. had
4. (2016 • 湖北鄂州名校模考)—Amy, can we give away these soft toys? We ___________ them for many years.
—Mom, but I want to keep the bear.
A. bought B. had C. have bought D. have had
5.(2016 • 北京大兴区中考模拟)If you ___________ up late, you will feel tired the next day.
A. will stay B. have stayed C. stay D. were staying
6.(2016 • 广西贵港名校模考)— Do you know anything about the 31st Olympic Games?
—Yes. The Games ___________ in Brazil in August this year.
A. will be held B. will hold C. is holding D. was held
7. (2016 • 江西高安中考模拟)Many students ___________ chances to show themselves in class because the class size is too big.
A. don’t give B. aren’t given C. haven’t given D. won’t give
8.(2016 • 天津宝坻区中考考前模拟)—Have you finished your composition?
—Not yet. I’ll finished it if I ___________ ten more minutes.
A. give B.am given C. will give D. will be given
9.(2016 • 石家庄九年级考前模拟)You ___________ the first prize in the English speech contest. Congratulations!
A. win B. won C. have won D. will win
10.(2016 • 郑州市中考模拟)The child without parents ___________ good care of by his teachers in this special school.
A. is taken B. are taken C. take D. takes
11. (2017 • 湖北省南漳县中考适应性考试)—Did you go to school yesterday?
—Yes, I did. But I was late. When I got to school, Mr. Zhang ___________ his lessons.
A. has already begun B. had already begun
C. has begun yet D. had begun yet
12. (2017 • 江苏省沛县胡寨中学九年级月考试卷)By the end of last month, I ___________ all the CDs of Justin Bieber.
A. collect B. collected C. have collected D. had collected
13. (2017 • 浙江省杭州市九年级月考)If it had been fine yesterday, we could have watched that air show. But it ___________ all day.
A. has rained B. had rained C. rained D. rains
14. (2017 • 黑龙江省大庆市杜尔伯特县九年级月考)The writer told us that he ___________ a great number of short stories in the last few years.
A. wrote B. was written C. has written D. had written
15. (2017 • 陕西省咸阳市三原县中考模拟)—Did you meet the professor at the airport?
—No, he ___________ by the time I ___________ there.
A. had left；got B. has left；reached C. was leaving；got D. left；had got
【跟踪训练】
一、单项选择。
1. A【解析】根据问句的时态现在进行时，答句时态要一致，故选A。
2. D【解析】根据句中的谓语动词ask的固定搭配。ask sb. to do sth. 故选D。
3. B【解析】根据第一句的固定动词词组。catch up with sb. 及第二句的过去时态，故选B。
4. C【解析】此题主要考查四个动词词组的掌握。根据后半句在红灯时停下来，故选C。
5. C【解析】此题主要考查现在完成时的延续和非延续动词。根据for two weeks 时间短语。故选C。
6. B【解析】此题主要考查宾语丛句和状语丛句的习惯用法。第一句是特殊疑问句的宾语丛句，要用陈述句语序。第二句是if 条件句。丛句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。故选B。
7. A【解析】此题考查if 条件句的主句时态。If引导的条件句，遵循主将从现的原则，从句用一般现在时，主句要用一般将来时，故选A。
8. B【解析】此题考查语态。根据全句的意思，使用被动语态。故选B。
9. D【解析】此题考查动词词组。put up 张贴，举起；put on 穿上，上演；put away 把……收拾好。 根据后半句＂我讨厌到处乱放＂，故选D。
10. C【解析】此题主要考查一个固定词组：prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 故选C。
二、填空。
1. had left 2. had finished 3. had studied 4. had stopped
5. didn’t read 6. was 7. came; had learned
8. hadn’t seen 9. had gone 10. had come
【真题再现】
1. B【解析】句意：汤姆说他昨天下午4点到6点正在和同学一起打篮球。考查过去进行时。A. is played一般现在时的被动语态；B. was playing过去进行时；C. plays第三人称单数；D. had played过去完成时。根据句意可知是昨天下午4点到6点正在和同学一起打篮球，表示过去某一时间段内正在发生或进行的动作或状态，应用过去进行时，其构成为was/were+动词的现在分词，主语he是单数，用was，play basketball打篮球，play的现在分词是playing，故答案选B。
2. B【解析】句意：——山姆大叔说他会参加我的生日聚会，但他没来。——那就是山姆大叔。他什么都忘了！A为一般将来时；B为过去将来时；C为现在完成时；D为过去完成时。分析句子Uncle Sam said he ____________ my birthday party, but he never showed up. 的结构可知，本题是一个宾语从句，主句Uncle Sam said是一般过去时，因此在宾语从句中应该用过去范畴的某一种时态，排除A/C；根据my birthday party可知，应该是将要参加我的生日聚会，因此应该用过去将来时，故选B。
3. A【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：我吃了一些我从小就喜欢的水果，还有我的院子里的蔬菜。A.现在完成时；B.一般过去时；C.一般现在时；D.过去完成时。根据since I was a child可知，用现在完成时，故选A。
4. C【解析】句意：——你女儿从澳大利亚回来了吗？——是的。她在那里住了三年。考查一般过去时。A. has stayed现在完成时；B. stays一般现在时；C. stayed一般过去时；D. had stayed过去完成时。根据句意可知女儿已经从澳大利亚回来了，所以待在澳大利亚的动作表示的是过去，要用一般过去时，故选C。
5. B【解析】考查动词时态。句意：几位记者就这件国际案件在一小时前采访了律师。题目末尾的an hour ago一个钟头以前，表示过去的时间，句子要用一般过去时态。A/C/D分别是一般现在时、一般将来时和现在完成时。故选B。
6. A【解析】句意：他问我——A. if I would go skating with him是否愿意和他一起去滑冰。B. when did I buy the CD我什么时候买CD；C. that I had a good time我过得好。从He asked me知本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，可排除B选项；asked后的宾语从句是由疑问句转化来的，所以选项C的关系词不对，可排除，故正确选项是A。
【点睛】关于宾语从句，应注意：
1. 语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述句语序，即宾语从句的主从句是一体的。
2. 时态
含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应，包括以下三点内容：
1)如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：①I don’t know when he will come back. 我不知道他将何时回来。
②He tells me that his sister came back yesterday. 他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
2)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如：
①The children didn’t know who he was. 孩子们不知道他是谁。
②He asked his father how it happened. 他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。
3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。
7. A【解析】句意：——高铁、扫码支付、共享单车和网购被称为＂中国四大新发明＂。——它们使我们的日常生活更加便利。A. have made现在完成时； B. had made过去完成时；C. have been made现在完成时态的被动语态；D. made一般过去时态。中国新的四大发明已经给我们的生活带来了极大的便利，需要用现在完成时态来表达，故答案为A。
8. B【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：——多么漂亮的手表啊！你有它多久了？——刚两星期。A. will; buy一般将来时态；B. have; had现在完成时态；C. were; having过去进行时态；D. did; buy一般过去时态。由how long可知，句子描述的是过去开始的动作、状态一直延续到现在，句子用现在完成时态。所以选B。
【模拟检测】
1. B【解析】句意：到目前为止，他们已经学会了四种语言。有时它们混合在一起。考查动词时态辨析题。So far到目前为止，用于现在完成时，即＂have/has + done＂结构，they是复数人称，助动词需用have；Sometimes有时，用于一般现在时，they是复数人称，动词需用原形。根据句意结构，可知选B。
2. B【解析】句意：——我们学校的庆祝活动很成功。——是真的，我们主席的演讲给所有的学生留下了深刻的印象。impressed留下印象，是过去式；has impressed现在完成时；made制作，过去式；has made现在完成时；by通过…；with用。这里考查了短语impress sb. with…给某人留下印象，根据句意可知，用现在完成时态表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，故选B。
3. B【解析】句意：除非你有身份证，否则老师不会让你进去的。A. will have将有； 一般将来时；B. have有，一般现在时态；C. had有，一般过去时态。这里是unless引导的条件状语从句，遵循主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时态，从句主语是you，动词用原形。根据题意，故选B。
【点睛】
if和unless引导的条件状语从句而已算是其中一种；
主将从现常见的有以下四种情况：
一、条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时,那么从句常常用一般现在时
如：When I grow up,I’ll be a nurse and look after patients
我长大后要当一名护士,照顾病人
二、如果主句是祈使句,那么从句通常要用一般现在时
如：Don’t laugh at me when I make a mistake.
我犯错误的时候不要笑话我.
三、如果主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时,根据需要从句多用现在进行时
如：You should be quiet when you are in the reading room
在阅览室时应保持安静
四.如果if的条件状语从句遇到变换间接和直接时 ,祈使句应用not to.
如; She said not to close the window
常见的时间状语从句的连词有：as soon as,when,while ,as,until等
用在unless或if中可以是下面的用法：
I will not go boating if it rains tomorrow.
Unless you have finished your homework, I won’t allow you to watch TV.
4. D【解析】句意：＂Amy ，我们能把这些软玩具捐了吗？我们已经买了它们好多年了。＂＂妈妈，但是我想留着这个小熊。＂根据题干中的for many years及语境可知用现在完成时，而且动词应用延续性动词。buy的延续性动词为have ,由此可知答案为 D。
5. C【解析】句意：如果你熬夜，第二天你会感到很累。if引导的条件状语从句，主将从现，故选C。
6. A【解析】句意：＂你了解有关第三十一届奥运会的一些情况吗？＂＂是的，运动会今年八月将在巴西举行。＂主语与谓语动词之间是被动的关系，故用被动语态，时态是一般将来时态。答案为A。
7. B【解析】句意：在班上很多学生没有机会展示他们自己，因为班级规模太大。当主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态。结合句意，故选B。
8. B【解析】句意：＂你的作文写完了吗？＂＂还没有，如果再给我十分钟我将完成它。＂该句是if 引导的条件状语从句，因此主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时，同时根据句意可知需用一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。
9. B【解析】win意为＂赢＂，由下文Congratulations＂祝贺你＂推断出你在英语演讲比赛中获得了第一名。表示过去刚刚发生事情。
10. A【解析】句意：在这所特殊的学校，没有父母的孩子受到老师很好的照顾。动作的承受者作主语用被动语态。其结构是：主语+be +done。该句的主语是单数，故选A。
11. B【解析】根据句子表达意思，发生的时态为过去的过去，要用过去完成时，故选B。
12. D【解析】考查过去完成时的用法。此处by意为＂到……为止＂，该句意为＂到上个月末为止，我已经将Justin Bieber全部的CD收集起来＂，表示＂动作从过去已经开始一直持续到过去某个时间＂，故要使用过去完成时，故选D。
13. C【解析】考查时态。根据yesterday可知应用一般过去时，所以选C。
14. D【解析】考查过去完成时。主句The writer told us是一般过去时态，所以that引导的宾从也用过去时态的某种形式；再根据in the last few years，是完成时态的标志，所以要用过去完成时态。故选D。
15. A【解析】 根据上文，下文叙述应是过去时态。根据下文时间状语，我到那时，他已离开了，故选A。
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