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现在完成进行时
1. 定义：现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。
2. 现在完成进行时的构成：现在完成进行时是由＂have/has+been+动词的现在分词＂构成。
3. 现在完成进行时的基本句型。
肯定式 I/We have been working.
疑问式 Have you been working?
简略回答 —Yes, I/we have.
—No, I/we haven’t.
肯定式 He/She/It has been working.
疑问式 Has he/she/it been working?
简略回答 —Yes, he/she/it has.
—No, he/she/it hasn’t.
4. 现在完成时的用法
1)在强调指出动作还未结束，还要继续下去。如：
I’ve been reading this book for two hours, but I haven’t finished it. 这本书我已读了两个小时了，但我还没读完。
I’ve read this book. 我已读完这本书了。
2)强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。
She has always been working like that. 她一贯是这样工作的。
3)现在完成进行时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情。
We’ve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently. 最近我们经常见面。
5. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别
1)现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性，它是现在完成时的强调形式。试比较：
We’ve been living here for ten years.
We’ve lived here for ten years. 我们在这儿已经住了十年了。
2)在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。
The students have been preparing for the exam.(还在进行)学生们一直在准备考试。
The students have prepared for the exam.(已经结束)学生们为考试作了准备。
3)有些表示状态，感情，感觉的动词如：have，exist，like，hate，hear，know，sound等动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。如：
They’ve known each other since 1970. 自从1970年起他们就相互认识了。
5. 通常使用现在完成进行时的情况：
1)表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在并仍在继续之中。
I have not been sleeping well since I returned home.(＂我＂回家后一直都没睡好，现在也没睡好。)
2. 表示过去开始的动作刚结束并在某种情况下与现在有关联。
Kelly: Sorry I’m late. Have you been waiting long? (凯利刚到，对方虽然不再等了，但已一直等到现在)
Sally: Yes. I have been waiting for an hour.
现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：
1. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都表示动作从过去开始，但现在完成时强调动作的结束。而现在完成进行时则强调动作持续的过程。
They have been widening the road.他们一直在加宽马路。(尚未完工，仍在继续)
They have widened the road.他们把马路加宽了。(已经完工)
2. 在表反复发生的动作时现在完成时强调次数。而现在完成进行时则强调持续的过程。
—How many times have you visited Egypt this month?
—I have visited Egypt twice this month. ( 表被问者过去往反于埃及和居住地，但现已经回来。)
—How long have you been touring Egypt?
—I have been touring Egypt for two months.( 表被问者过去一段时间内一直呆在埃及，没有离开过。)
其它比较
1)现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性，它是现在完成时的强调形式。试比较：
We’ve been living here for ten years.
We’ve lived here for ten years.我们在这儿已经住了十年了。
＂持续性动词＂可用现在完成时，也可用现在完成进行时，唯一的区别是进行时更强调动作的持续性。
Who has been eating my dinner?(Some of it is left) Who has eaten my dinner?(It is all gone.)
2)在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。
The students have been preparing for the exam.(还在进行)学生们一直在准备考试。
The students have prepared for the exam.(已经结束)学生们为考试作了准备。
3)有些表示状态，感情，感觉的动词如：have，exist，like，hate，hear，know，sound等动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。如：
They’ve known each other since 1970. 自从1970年起他们就相互认识了。
一、用since和for填空。
1. __________ two years 2. __________ two years ago
3. __________ last month 4. __________ 1999
5. __________ yesterday 6. __________ 4 o’clock
7. __________ 4 hours 8. __________ an hour ago
9. __________ we were children 10. __________ lunch time
11. __________ she left here
12. He has lived in Nanjing __________ the year before last.
13. I’ve known him __________ we were children.
14. Our teacher has studied Japanese __________ three years.
15. She has been away from the city __________ about ten years.
16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
二、用适当的时态填空。
1. She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
2. Both of them ________________ (be) in Hong Kong for ten days.
3. Both of them ____________ (come) to Hong Kong ten days ago.
4. Half an hour _____________ (pass) since the train _____________ (leave).
5. Mary _____________ (lose) her pen. _____________ you _____________ (see) it here and there?
6. _____________ you _____________ (find) your watch yet?
7. —Are you thirsty?
—No I _____________ just _____________ (have) some orange.
8. We _____________ already _____________ (return) the book.
9. _____________ they _____________ (build) a new school in the village?
10. I _____________ (not finish) my homework. Can you help me?
11. My father _____________ (read) the novel twice.
12. I _____________ (buy) a book just now.
13. I _____________ (lost ) my watch yesterday.
14. My father _____________ (read) this book since yesterday.
三、划线提问。
1. I have been there for two days.
_____________ _____________ _____________ you _____________ _____________?
2. My father has lived here since 2000.
_____________ _____________ _____________ your father _____________ _____________?
3. He left here yesterday.
_____________ _____________ he _____________ _____________?
4. They bought a book two hours ago.
_____________ _____________ they _____________ a book
四、翻译下列句子。
1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？
_________________________________________________________________
2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。
_________________________________________________________________
3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。
_________________________________________________________________
4. 他已经吃过午饭。
_________________________________________________________________
5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？
_________________________________________________________________
6. 我哥哥还没回来。
_________________________________________________________________
7. 这本字典我已买了三年了。
_________________________________________________________________
8. 他离开中国三年了。
_________________________________________________________________
9. 我认识他们五年了。
_________________________________________________________________
1. (2018 • 河北中考)I ___________ an invitation to the concert. I can’t wait to go.
A. receive B. will receive C. was receiving D. have received
2. (2018 • 绥化中考)I ___________ this magazine for three months.
A. have bought B. have had C. have borrowed
3. (2018 • 湖北黄冈中考)—Your new watch is so nice! When did you buy it?
—In April. I ___________ it for two months.
A. have had B. had C. have bought D. bought
4. (2016 • 海南)Uncle Liang __________ in Haikou since 1980, so he knows a lot about the city.
A. is living B. has lived C. lived
5. (2016 • 山东青岛)William Shakespeare __________ for 400 years, but his works still have great influence today.
A. died B. was dying C. has died D. has been dead
6. (2016 • 江苏镇江)—Have you been to Suning Plaza(苏宁购物中心) in our city?
—No. Although it __________ for more than a week, I’m far too busy to go there.
A. has started B. has been on C. has been open D. has opened
7. (2016 • 福建厦门中考) —It’s the second time I came to Xiamen. It __________ a lot.
—Yes, it’s more and more beautiful.
A. was changing B. has changed C. will change
8. (2016 • 贵州毕节中考)It’s six o’clock in the morning. Many people __________ in the park.
A. are dancing B. dance C. is dancing D. dances
9. (2016 • 贵州黔东南州中考)—Hurry up! We __________ for you at the gate.
—I’m sorry. I’m coming soon.
A. wait B. will wait C. have been waited D. are waiting
10. (2016 • 湖北黄冈中考)—How do you like Treasure Island, Lucy?
—It’s so exciting that I __________ it twice.
A. am reading B. have read C. was reading D. had read
11. (2016 • 天津中考)—What a nice watch! How long __________ you __________ it?
—For just two weeks.
A. will; buy B. have; had C. were; having D. did; buy
12. (2017 • 四川南充)—Look! Your teacher Miss White is over there.
—No, it can’t be her. She __________ to Beijing.
A. has gone B. has been C. went D. will go
13. (2017 • 湖北省随州市中考)—Did you watch the football match on TV last night?
—I wanted to, but my father __________ his favorite TV program.
A. watched B. watches C. was watching D. had watched
14. (2017 • 江苏省宿迁市中考)My grandparents __________ for over 60 years and they love each other very much.
A. have been married B. got married C. were married D. have got married
15. (2017 • 四川南充)—Look! Your teacher Miss White is over there.
—No, it can’t be her. She __________ to Beijing.
A. has gone B. has been C. went D. will go
1. —Alan! Why are you so late?
—Sorry! When I __________ home, I met one of my old friends.
A. went B. am walking C. has gone D. was walking
2. —What’s your plan for your vacation?
—We __________ to Hong Kong for a visit.
A. were flying B. have been C. will fly
3. —Are you going to the party?
—No, because I __________.
A. have asked B. haven’t asked
C. have been asked D. haven’t been asked
4. —Is Tom at home?
—No, he __________ to town.
A. has been B. has gone C. goes D. will go
5. Since Project Hope started, it __________ millions of children to come back to school
A. has helped B. helped C. is helping
6. Andy loves playing the piano. He __________ the piano after school very often.
A. is heard play B. is heard to play C. hears playing D. hears play
7. —How long __________ the supermarket __________?
—Four years.
A. has, opened B. has, been opened
C. did; open D. has, been open
8. —Look! A man is standing on his two hands.
—Yes. It seems he_____ for long.
A. practiced B. has practiced C. was practicing
9. By the end of last week, she __________ in the west of China for two months helping the homeless children.
A. will stay B. has stayed C. would stay D. had stayed
10. ─Jack __________ to take part in Oxfam Trail walker in Hong Kong.
─Oh, that’s why he is packing his clothes.
A. went B. was going C. has gone D.is going
11. —Why is your bedroom so dirty?
—Sorry, Mum. It __________. I felt very tired after playing soccer.
A. isn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. doesn’t clean D. wasn’t cleaned
12. There __________ a charity show at the school hall next week.
A. was B. will be C. has been D. are
13. —Tom, did you go to Sally’s party yesterday evening?
—No, because I __________.
A. am invited B. was invited C. am not invited D. wasn’t invited
14. —When will Diana arrive?
—Oh, she __________. She is in the meeting room now.
A. arrives B. is arriving C. arrived D. has arrived
15. —We all went to the cinema except you last night. Why didn’t you come?
—Because I __________ that movie twice.
A. have watched B. had watched C. was watching D. would watch
【跟踪训练】
一、用since或者for填空。
1. for 2. since 3. since 4. since 5. since
6. since 7. for 8. since 9. since 10. since
11. since 12. since 13. since 14. for 15. for 16. since
二、用适当的时态填空。
1. lived / has been living 2. have been 3. went 4. has passed; left
5. has lost; have, seen 6. Have, found 7. have, had 8. have, returned
9. Have, built 10. haven’t finished 11. has read
12. bought 13. lost 14. have been reading / has read
三、划线提问。
1. How long have, been there 2. How long has, lived here
3. When did, leave here 4. When did, buy
四、翻译下列句子。
1. Have you ever had / eaten fish and chips?
2. I have just lost my chemistry book.
3. I have never been to the farm before.
4. He has already had lunch = He has had lunch already.
5. Have you seen the movie yet?
6. My brother hasn’t come /get / been back yet = My brother hasn’t returned yet.
7. I have had this dictionary for three years / since three years ago.
8. Has been away from China for three years.
9. I have known them for five years.
【真题再现】
1. D【解析】句意：我收到了音乐会的请柬。我等不及要走了。考查动词时态辨析题。根据句意语境，可知我已经收到去音乐会的邀请函，需用现在完成时，故选D。
2. B【解析】句意：这本杂志我买了三个月了。本题考查延续性动词。题中for three months.是一个“时间段”提示为现在完成时，且使用延续性动词have，而短暂性动词buy;borrow不能和表示时间段的时间状语连用，故正确答案是B。
3. A【解析】句意：——你的新手表太漂亮了！你什么时候买的它？——在四月份。我已经拥有它两个月了。have有，是延续性动词；buy(bought)买，是瞬间性动词。此处与时间段for two months连用，用现在完成时，谓语用延续性动词，故用have had。故选A。
4. B【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：梁叔叔自从1980年以来一直住在海口，因此他对于这个城市非常了解。since自从。前面的句子用现在完成时，故选B。
5. D【解析】考查动词时态。句意：莎士比亚已经去世400年了，但他的作品现在仍然有大的影响。根据for
400 years可知该用现在完成时，而且谓语动词必须是延续性动词。所以选D。
6. C【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：——你曾经去过我们市的苏宁购物中心吗？——没有。尽管它开业有一周多了，但是我太忙而没有时间去那里。和一段时间连用，动作要用延续性的或者用延续性的状态词。open，start都是瞬间动词。be on表示工作着，开着；be open表示开着的，营业中的；这两个词都是延续性状态，结合句意，故选C。
7. B【解析】考查现在完成时的用法。句意：——这是我第二次来厦门。它已经变了很多。——是的，它越来越漂亮了。根据Yes, it’s more and more beautiful.可知此处描述厦门现在的情况，故用现在完成时，故选B。
8. A【解析】考查动词的时态及主谓一致。句意：现在是早上六点钟。许多人在公园里跳舞。A. are dancing现在进行时态形式；B. dance非三人称单数的一般现在时态形式；C. is dancing现在进行时态形式；D. dances三人称单数的一般现在时态形式。本句指现在六点时，人们正在做的事物，句子用现在进行时态。People人们，是一个复数名词，be动词用复数are。故选A。
9. D【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：——赶快！我们在门口等你。——对不起，我很快就来。A. wait一般现在时态形式；B. will wait一般将来时态形式；C. have been waited现在完成时态的被动语态形式；D. are waiting现在进行时态形式。催促赶快，因为正在外面等，句子用现在进行时态。故选D。
10. B【解析】考查现在完成时的用法。句意：——露西，你认为《金银岛》怎么样？——它是如此令人激动以至于我读了两次。根据twice可知已经发生了，故此处用现在完成时，故为have read，故选B。
11. B【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：——多么漂亮的手表啊！你有它多久了？——刚两星期。A. will; buy一般将来时态；B. have; had现在完成时态；C. were; having过去进行时态；D. did; buy一般过去时态。由how long可知，句子描述的是过去开始的动作、状态一直延续到现在，句子用现在完成时态。所以选B。
12. A【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：——看！你的老师怀特小姐在那边。——不，那肯定不是她。她去了北京。A. has gone去了某地，表示该人不在说话地点； B. has been去过某地，表示主语曾经去过某地，有这种经历；C. went过去式，去；D. will go将来时态，将要去。根据前面的否定猜测，可知怀特小姐去了北京，故选A。
13. C【解析】考查过去进行时。句意：——你昨晚看电视转播的足球赛了吗？——我想，但是我的父亲正在看他喜欢的电视节目。根据I wanted to, but my father _________ his favorite TV program. 这里指昨晚足球比赛的时候，父亲正在看自己的节目，表示过去的时间点正在做的事情。故用过去进行时，所以选C。
14. A【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我的祖父母已经结婚60多年了，他们彼此深爱着对方。for over 60 years超过60年，是属于时间段，不能用过去式，先排除B、C。虽然be married 和get married都是表示已婚、结婚，但be married强调的是状态，而后者更侧重于动作，D也可排除。故选A。
15. A【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：——看！你的老师怀特小姐在那边。——不，那肯定不是她。她去了北京。A. has gone去了某地，表示该人不在说话地点； B. has been去过某地，表示主语曾经去过某地，有这种经历；C. went过去式，去；D. will go将来时态，将要去。根据前面的否定猜测，可知怀特小姐去了北京，故选A。
【模拟检测】
1. D【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——阿兰，你为什么这么晚了？——对不起！当为我步行回家的时候遇到了我的一个老朋友。故选D。由句子中的met，可知要用过去时态的某种形式，排除B.现在进行时C.现在完成时，根据句意，当一个动作met发生时，另一个动作在进行，要用进行时。故选D。
2. C【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——你的假期计划是什么? ——我们将坐飞机去香港参观。根据第一句可知这里指的假期还没有到，所以答语的句子应该用将来时，故选C。
3. D【解析】本题考查被动语态。不去参加晚会是因为＂我没有被邀请＂，用被动语态，并且是否定式。所以选择答案D。
4. B【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——Tom在家吗？——不在，他已经去镇里了。表＂已经去了某地方，现在不在说话者说话的地方＂用have/has gone to结构。故选B。
5. A【解析】考查动词时态。句意：自从希望工程开始以来，它帮助了上百万的孩子回到了学校上课。since后接时间点时，句子的谓语动词用现在完成时，而且须是延续性动词。故选A。
6. B【解析】句意：安迪喜欢弹钢琴。他经常放学后被听见弹钢琴。hear sb. doing sth.＂听见某人正在做某事＂。hear sb. do sth.＂听见某人做了某事＂的被动形式sb. is heard to do sth.＂某人被听见做某事＂，结合句意，此处表示他经常被听见过弹钢琴，故选B。
7. D【解析】句意：——这家超市已经开了多少年了？——四年。For+一段时间，与现在完成时连用。Open在这里是形容词，意为：开着的。故选D。
8. B【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——看!一个男士正在倒立。——是的，似乎他练了很长时间了。根据语境可知这位男士从过去开始练习倒立一直到现在，所以应该用现在完成时。故选B。
9. D【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语By the end of last week到上周末为止，可知本句描述的是过去某时之前已经完成的动作，故用过去完成时态，故选D。
10. D【解析】考查动词时态。句意：–杰克将要参加香港的乐施毅行者大会。–哦，那就是他正在打包衣服的原因。根据that’s why he is packing his clothes可知他正在打包衣服，说明他将要去参加乐施毅行者大会。所以应该用一般将来时。故选D。
11. D【解析】句意：——为什么你的卧室这么脏？——抱歉，妈妈，我没打扫，踢完足球我觉得很累。句中it代指的是房间，它做主语，句子为被动语态，所以是be +动词的过去分词的形式，又由题意知，应该是被动语态和felt保持一致。故选D
12. B【解析】考查动词时态。句意：下周再学校礼堂有一次慈善演出。根据时间状语next week可知这里句子应该用一般将来时，这里是there be的将来时应是there will be；故选B。
13. D【解析】句意：——汤姆，昨天晚上你去了萨莉的晚会吗？——没有，因为我没被邀请。应填被动语
态的否定形式，上下文语境时态为过去时，故选D。
14. D【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——Diana什么时候到达？——哦，她已经到了。她现在在会议室。根据句意：在对话之前，Diana已经到了，而且在会议室。表示在过去某一事件发生的某一动作对现在造成了影响或产生了结果，用现在完成时，故选D。
15. B【解析】考查动词时态。根据上下文可知：我昨晚不去看电影，是因为我以前看过了。叙述的是＂过去的过去＂发生的事，故用过去完成时态，故选B。
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