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考点31 疑问词引导的宾语从句
特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，由疑问词when, who, what, where, whatever, how，which, why等引导。宾语从句的词序一律用陈述句的词序，即＂主语+谓语＂词序。
①带有系动词be(is，am，are，was,were)的特殊疑问句。
| 主句 | 宾语从句 |
| Do you know | how old Liz is? 你知道兹几岁吗? |
| I know | how old Liz is. 我知道莉兹几岁。 |
| I don’t know | how old Liz is. 我不知道莉兹几岁。 |
宾语从句＂how old Liz is＂是主句动词know的宾语。how在从句中作副词。注意从句的顺序，主语在动词前(Liz is)。
②带有(情态)助动词is/am/are/have/has/can/should等的特殊疑问句
When is Ann going to lran? 安什么时候去伊朗？
→ Do you know when Ann is going to lran? 你知道安什么时候去伊朗吗？
→ I don’t know when Ann is going to lran. 我不知道安什么时候去伊朗。
What should I do? 我该怎么办？
→ Can you tell me what I should do? 你能告诉我，我该怎么办吗？
→ Please tell me what I should do. 请告诉我，我该怎么办。
Where has Ron gone? 朗去了哪里？
→ Do you know where Ron has gone? 你知道朗去了哪里吗？
→ I don’t know where Ron has gone. 我不知道朗去了哪里。
③带有助动词do/does/did的特殊疑问句。
Where did I put my wedding ring? 我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了？
→ Do you know where I put my wedding ring? 你知道我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了吗？
→ I don’t remember where I put my wedding ring. 我不记得我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了。
What does Sue think about Lulu? 苏对露露的看法是什么？
→ Do you know what Sue thinks about Lulu? 你知道苏对露露的看法是什么吗？
→ I know what Sue thinks about Lulu. 我知道苏对露露的看法是什么。
注意：
(1)由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序，故而在从句中它变成了陈述语序。请看下列两组句子：
How much does this coat cost?
→ I want to know how much this coat costs.
Where did you go yesterday?
→ Please tell me where you went yesterday.
(2)当疑问代词what、who在特殊疑问句中作主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来作宾语时，语序不需要调整。
What’s wrong with you? 怎么了？
→ He asked the girl what was wrong with her.
What’s the matter? 怎么了？
→ He asked the girl what was the matter.
What has happened to him?
→ We want to know what has happened to him.
1. Nobody knows ________ to visit our school.
A. when will he come B. when does he come
C. when he will come D. when he does come
2. You should stick to ________ you have begun.
A. whenever B. no matter what C. since D. whatever
3. You have spent too much time playing computer games. That’s ________ your eyes hurt.
A. why B. how C. what D. when
4. The teacher asked us ________.
A. when did I finish my work
B. why didn’t we tell him about it earlier
C. what we were interested in
D. where we are going to have our lunch
5. —Jack, could you tell me ________?
—Sure. In the post office on Green Road.
A. where you bought the stamps B. where did you buy the stamps
C. when you bought the stamps D. when did you buy the stamps
6. —I’m sorry I’m late.
—Could you tell me ________?
A. why you are late again B. why are you late again
C. what were you doing D. who did you talk with
7. This article explains ________.
A. what can colors do B. what will colors do
C. how colors will do D. what colors can do
8. His words remind me ________ we did together during the past holiday.
A. that B. of that
C. of what D. what
9. —Could you tell me ________?
—My life is not what it used to be.
A. what you think of yourself
B. how you like your present life
C. what your life is like after you became famous
10. —Could you tell me ________ you did it so well?
—With my parents’ help.
A. who B. how C. when D. what
1. 【2019 • 江苏省无锡市】You’ve no idea ____________ to build a new airport. Let me tell you, young man. That’s billions of dollars!
A. how much it will cost. B. how long it will take us
C. how much will it cost D. how long will it take us
2. 【2019 • 江苏省镇江市】—Do you believe that humans could live on Mars?
—I don’t think ____________.
A. if it comes true B. that it will come true
C. why it will come true D. how does it come true
3. 【2019 • 云南省昆明市】 In order to take a pleasant trip to Kunming, Dave emailed me to ask ____________ .
A. what was Kunming most famous for
B. what Kunming was most famous for
C. whether is summer a good time to come
D. whether summer is a good time to come
4.【2019 • 四川省遂宁市】 Could you tell me ____________?
A. when will they leave Beijing
B. when would they leave Beijing
C. when they will leave Beijing
D. when they would leave Beijing
5. 【2019 • 四川省达州市】—Linda, could you remember __________?
—Have you forgotten we agreed to go to Hongkong?
A. where are we going after exam
B. where we are going after the exam
C. where are we going to after the exam
D. where we are going to after the exam
6. 【2019 • 青海省中考】—I don’ t know __________ we will go.
—Why not？ We will go to the beach for a picnic.
A. Where B. When C. how
7. 【2019 • 内蒙古呼和浩特市】She was so angry at __________ he was doing __________ she walked out without a word.
A. what; that B. that; what C. what; what D. that; that
8. 【2019 • 湖南省湘潭市】—Can you tell me __________ on Father’s Day?
—Guess what? Well I wrote a poem for my dad.
A. when did you shop B. where you go
C. what you did
9. 【2019 • 湖南省邵阳市】—Could you please tell me __________ mooncakes traditionally in China, Li Hua?
—During the Mid-autumn Festival.
A. when people ate B. when people eat
C. when do people eat
10. 【2019 • 海南省中考】—Sandy, do you know __________?
—Yes, some news about black holes.
A. what Tom is searching for
B. what is Tom searching for
C. who Tom is searching for
1. (湖南省长沙市2017—2018师大附中教育集团九年级下英语第二次联考)—Could you please tell me _____________?
—Let me see. In twenty minutes.
A. how often you go to your grandpa’s house
B. how soon the meeting will begin
C. how long it takes from your home to school
2.(湖南省醴陵市青云学校2017届九年级上学期期中)—Excuse me. Do you know _____________ I can buy some medicine?
—Sure. There is a supermarket down the street.
A. when B. where C. what
3. (安徽省蚌埠市固镇县第三中学2018届九年级上学期第一次月考)—Do you know _____________ the 2020 Summer Olympic Games will be held?
—Yes. In Tokyo, Japan.
A. when B. how C. why D. where
4.(安徽省亳州市利辛县2018届九年级10月月考)—Could you please tell me _____________ get to Chaohu East Station?
—You can ride a bike.
A. when we can B. how we can
C. when can we D. how can we
5.(江苏省南京市2017年中考模拟)—Excuse me, could you tell me _____________?
—There’s an e-shop on the third floor. You can make it there.
A. how to arrive the e-shop B. how can I go to the e-shop
C. where I can have my MP4 repaired D. which was the way to the e-shop
6.(辽宁省鞍山市第二十中学2017届中考模拟)—Can you make sure _____________?
—Sorry, I can’t.
A. when will she arrive
B. whether she will join us or not
C. why she would speak in the meeting
D. where can she have a discussion with me
7. (江苏省南京市高淳区武家嘴实验中学2016-2017学年九年级3月月考)—The light in his room is still on. Do you know _____________?
—To prepare for the coming exam, I think.
A. if he works hard B. why he stays up so late
C. why is he so busy D. when he will stop working
8. —Lucy, I hear the new TV tower is fantastic. Do you know _____________?
—Sure! Take the No.8 bus, and you’ll find it.
A. how far it is B. where is it
C. how I can get there D. which bus should I take
9.(江苏省泰兴市实验初级中学2017届九年级下学期3月月考)I’m new here. Could you tell me _____________?
A. when did Amy leave here B. how long Millie has been married
C. whether the earth was round or not D. how old is Mr. Wu
跟踪训练
1. C 【解析】句意：没有人知道他何时来参观我们的学校。根据题意可知这里是when引导的宾语从句，要用陈述语序，根据题意可知是一般将来时，其结构是will+动词的原形。故选C。
2. D 【解析】句意：你应该坚持你已经开始的东西。A.无论何时；B.无论什么；C.自从；D.无论什么。＂no matter+疑问词＂引导让步状语从句；＂疑问词+ever＂既可引导让步状语从句也可以引导名词性从句。故选D。
3. A 【解析】句意：你花费太多的时间玩电脑游戏，那就是你的眼睛疼痛的原因。why为什么；how怎样，如何；what什么；when什么时候。根据句意You have spent too much time playing computer games是your eyes hurt的原因，故应选A。
4. C 【解析】本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述语序。故首先排除A、B，又因为主句为过去式，应排除D项，故选C。
5. A 【解析】句意：——杰克，请你告诉我你在哪里买到这些邮票的？——当然。在格林路的邮局。考查宾语从句的用法，从句要用陈述语序，同时，结合答语体现询问地点，因此引导词用where，故选 A。
6. A 【解析】句意：——对不起我迟到了。——你能告诉我你为什么又迟到了吗？why you are late again你为什么又迟到了；why are you late again、what were you doing你在做什么、who did you talk with在和谁谈话了这几句话都是疑问语序，不符合宾语从句的用法，宾语从句要用陈述语序。因此选A。
7. D 【解析】句意：这篇文章解释了颜色可以做什么。考查宾语从句。特殊疑问句的一般结构是：疑问词+ 一般疑问句+?。但是，在宾语从句中，疑问词后面不用疑问语序，而用陈述语序，即＂疑问词+陈述句.＂，这就可以排除A、B两项。同时，colors是名词，前面不可由疑问副词how修饰，但可由疑问代词what修饰，再排除C。故选D。
8. C 【解析】句意：他的话语使我想起了过去我们在一起做的事情。remind sb. of…使某人想起，what引导宾语从句作介词of的宾语，且what在从句中作动词did的宾语；that引导的宾语从句，在句子中不做成分，故选择C。
9. C 【解析】句意：——你能告诉我当你出名之后你的生活是什么样子吗？——我的生活不是以前的样子了。根据回答My life is not what it used to be可知，此处是问现在的生活。故选C。
10. B 【解析】句意：——你能告诉我你是如何把它做得那么好吗？——在我父母的帮助下。who谁；how怎样；when什么时候；what什么；根据答语With my parents’ help推知问句句意：你能告诉我你是如何把它做得那么好吗？故答案选B。
真题再现
1. A【解析】句意：你不知道建一个新机场要花多少钱。让我告诉你，年轻人。那是数十亿美元！本题考查同位语从句。同位语从句要用陈述句的语序，因此排除C/D；根据That’s billions of dollars! 那是数十亿美元！可知，上文应该问的是建一个新机场要花多少钱。而不是多长时间。故选A。
2. B【解析】句意：——你认为人类能在火星上生活吗？——我认为这是不能实现的。if it comes true它是否是真的；that it will come true它会成真的；why it will come true它为什么会成真；how does it come true它是怎样成真的。根据对话的意思可知，这里应表示说话人对这个问题的观点，A、C和D意思不对，宾语从句的引导词应该用that，故选B。
3. B【解析】句意：为了去昆明旅游愉快，戴夫给我发电子邮件，问昆明最有名的是什么。宾语从句要用陈述语序，排除选项AC；结合句意”为了去昆明旅游愉快，戴夫给我发电子邮件，问昆明最有名的是什么”可知，主句是一般过去时，宾语从句要用过去时，选项D时态不对，也语意不通。故选B。
4. C【解析】根据句意：你能告诉我他们什么时候离开北京吗？可知考查宾语从句，用陈述语序，故排除A 、B；主句中的could表示语气的委婉，不是过去时，故从句用一般将来时。故选C。
5. B【解析】根据句意：——琳达，你还记得考试后我们要去哪里吗？——你忘了我们答应去香港了吗？考查宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除 A、C；where不跟介词连用。排除D。故选B。
6. A【解析】句意：——我不知道我们将去哪里？——为什么不知道？我们将去海滩野餐。结合will go to the beach for a picnic，可知问的是地点. A. 哪里；B. 什么时间；C. 如何。选项A符合题意，故选A。
7. A 【解析】句意：她对他所做的事很生气，以至于她一言不发地走了出去。第一空考查what引导的宾语从句；第二空考查so…that…如此……以至于……。故选A。
8. C【解析】根据句意：——你能告诉我在父亲节你做什么吗？——猜猜是什么？我给我爸爸写了一首诗。可知考查宾语从句，用陈述语序，故排除 A；结合 I wrote a poem for my dad，可知连词是what。 故选C。
10. A【解析】根据句意：——桑迪，你知道Tom正在找什么吗？——知道。关于黑洞的一些新闻。可知考查宾语从句，用陈述语序，故排除B；结合Some news about black holes，可知连词是what。故选A。
9. B【解析】根据句意：——你能告诉我人们什么时候吃中国传统的月饼吗，李辉？——在中秋节期间。可知考查宾语从句，用陈述语序，故排除C；从句时态是一般现在时。 故选B。
模拟检测
1. B【解析】句意：——你能告诉我会议还有多久开始吗？——让我看看，20分钟后。根据how often多久，对频率进行提问，how soon多久，指将来某个动作发生这段时间提问，常用于一般将来时态中, how long多长，主要对一段时间进行提问，根据In twenty minutes.可知是问过多久；故选B。
2. B 【解析】句意：——打扰了，你知道我在哪儿可以买到药吗？——当然可以，沿街就有一家超市。A. when何时；B. where在哪儿；C. what什么。根据答语可知，问句是询问地点，故答案为B。
3. D 【解析】句意：——你知道2020年夏季奥运会将在哪里举办吗？——是的。在日本东京。根据In Tokyo, Japan可知，此处是讨论的地点，故用where。故选D。
4. B 【解析】句意：——你能告诉我我们如何能去巢湖东站吗？——你们可以骑自行车去。本题主要考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，横线处作 tell 的宾语，故此处应是宾语从句。tell sb. sth.为固定结构，意为＂告诉某人某事＂，宾语从句应使用陈述语序，即＂疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他＂，故排除C、D项。when表示什么时候，how表示如何，答语＂你们可以骑自行车去＂是回答的交通方式，所以此处表示如何去巢湖东站。故正确答案为B。
5. C 【解析】根据冠词，本句是一个宾语从句。宾语从句应该用陈述句语序，B、D都是疑问句语序，故排除；根据答语＂在三楼有一个电子商店＂，故上句不是去指定的商店，故排除A。所以本题选C。
6. B 【解析】句意：——你能确定她是否加入我们吗？——对不起，我不能。此处作为动词短语make sure的宾语从句，用陈述语序：疑问词+主语+谓语+宾语。故排除A、D两项。根据can可知此处用一般现在时或一般将来时，C项是过去将来时，排除。故选B。
7. B 【解析】句意：——他房间的灯仍然亮着。你知道他为何熬夜这么晚吗？——我认为他在为即将到来的考试做准备，根据答语可知，上文问你知道为什么他熬夜那么晚吗？宾语从句的结构：主语+谓语+连接词+从句，从句要用陈述句的语序。如果主句是一般现在时，从句根据需要选择时态，如果主句是过去时态，从句要用相应的过去时态。但是从句是客观真理，要用一般现在时态。A、D连接词不正确；C语序不正确，故选B。
8. C 【解析】句意：——露西，我听说新的电视塔非常好，你能告诉我怎么去那里吗？——当然可以。坐八路公交车你就会发现它。根据语境可知，这是一个宾语从句，从句应用陈述句语序。结合选项可知应选C。
9. B 【解析】句意：我是新来这里的。你能告诉我米勒结婚多久了吗？宾语从句用陈述句语序，故排除A、D。宾语从句的时态和主句有关，如果主句用一般现在时，从句根据需要选择时态。C项中的内容应该用一般现在时，排除；B项时态正确，陈述句语序，故选B。
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