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考点五十四 短文填空之提示词填空
此类短文填空题一般会给出汉语意思或英文单词。做此类短文填空题时，要准确理解语意，根据文中同样结构或类似结构确定应填词的词性和词形。不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑其是否属于比较等级；如若填的是动词，则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首，还要考虑其首字母的大写。
A
What is the greatest thing in the world? It is a smile. A smile can start a 1 (友谊) and make us feel warm and joyful.
Last year when I 2 (进入) a new school as a middle school student, I had no friends and felt 3 (孤独的).
One day, when running in the playground, I was tripped by a stone and fell onto the ground. I tried to stand up but couldn’t because my knee 4 (受伤) badly. I felt so bad but then a hand came into my sight. As I looked up, I saw a big smile. It was from my new classmate Leo. I grabbed the hand without thinking 5 (两次) and stood up. From then on, Leo and I became good friends.
6 (然而), even best friends argue sometimes. Leo and I are no exception. Last week after arguing, I went home. That night after calming down I 7 (后悔) my bad temper. But I was embarrassed to talk to Leo. After sending an emoji of a smile to Leo’s mobile phone, I waited and was 8 (担忧的) Leo would never talk to me again. Then I heard the ring of a video chat and when I accepted the chat, I saw a face with a big smile on the screen. I was really 9 (感动的).
You can see how great the power of a smile is. Try to give other people a smile every time and you will 10 (改善) the world!
B
People in the small town feel 1 (worry). The town 2 (use) to be very quiet. However, these days, something unusual is 3 (happen) in our town. Victor, a teacher, is really nervous. When he 4 (interview) by the town newspaper, he said that he 5 (hear) strange noises outside the window. His wife thought that it 6 (can) be an animal. But Victor and his friends thought it must be teenagers 7 (have) fun. One woman in the area saw something 8 (run) away, but it was dark, so she was not sure. Everyone in the small town is feeling uneasy, and everyone has his or her own ideas. There must be something 9 (visit) the homes in the neighborhood. What is it? People have no idea. Most people hope that this animal or person will simply go away. But the noise-maker is having too much fun 10 (create) fear in the neighborhood.
C
Mr. Jenkins has several big shops in the city. He’s very rich but he does his best 1 (pay) the persons who work in his shops less. And they all hate him.
Several months ago a young woman borrowed thirty thousand dollars from him. But she couldn’t return the money to him in time. He went to her and made her 2 (give) her ring to him which cost more than fifty thousand dollars. He put it into his wallet and went home happily. But when he got to the bus stop, the bus 3 (leave). He hurried to get on and left his wallet outside. He didn’t find it until he got home. He hurried 4 (make) promise, ＂If someone finds my wallet and returns it to me, I 5 (give) half the money to him.＂
An old woman who 6 (wait) for another bus that day found the wallet. She sent it back to Mr Jenkins. But he changed his mind.
＂There are two rings in my wallet,＂ said Mr. Jenkins, I won’t give half of the money in my wallet to you until you return the other ring to me.＂
＂I 7 (see) only a ring in the wallet,＂ the old woman said and took the man to a judge and told him what 8 (happen) to them. The judge said to Mr. Jenkins, ＂I’m sure you have lost a wallet in which there are two rings and some money. But there is only one ring in this wallet. I 9 (not think) it’s yours. Wait for some days. Perhaps someone will be able to return your wallet to you.＂
Then the judge turned to the old woman and said, ＂Take the wallet home. If the loser doesn’t go to get it back in three days, it 10 (belong) to you.＂
A(2019 •浙江省绍兴市)
阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式(每空一词)。
A group of rubbish collectors in Turkey are recycling the books that people have thrown away. They have (1)________ (已经) created a mobile library. There are now over 9, 000 books, which are divided into 20 kinds, including (2)________ (医学的) care, politics, literature, history, healthy living and so on. The library is inside a (3)________ (卡车) that tours schools in the countryside. They hope to create a greater passion(热情) for reading books in children, (4)________ (尤其) in the age of mobile phones and computers. Many schools do not have a reading room or their (5)________ (自己的) library.
The library has got lots of attention in Turkey. People from all over Turkey are (6)________ (送) their old books to the library. A (7)________ (女士) working at the mobile library said, “The interest is growing. Each day we have guests coming here to 58 (8)________ (借) books or have a quiet time to read.” The director of the library said, “We have books here for kids aged from four to (9)________ (十), and books for older children, like world classics and (10)________ (诗). We hope that it will develop their love for books.”
B(2019 •浙江省温州市)
根据短文内容和所给中文提示，用单词的正确形式完成以下短文。
Lydia runs and picks up rubbish along the way. What she does is called “plogging”, an activity combining collecting rubbish with running. Last ___46___(六月)，she first learned the idea of plogging on the Intemet and decided to plog.
Lydia runs four or ___47___ (五) times a week and takes a daily walk with her two dogs. She often wears her gloves and takes several ___48___ (袋子) when she goes out. Sometimes she spends ___49___ (一半，半数) an hour collecting rubbish. She says she___50___ (浪费) the last few years of her running life. Now she feels” ___51___ (更好的) to do plogging than just running by the litter.” It just takes a moment to stop and pick something up off the ground.___52___(然而) , it makes a big difference to my community. Now my husband also ___53___ (加入) me,” Lydia says ___54___ (自豪地). “It doesn’t matter how much rubbish I pick up. It’s good way to protect our ____55____(星球))
C(2019 • 浙江省衢州市)
根据短文内容和所给中文提示，写出空白处各单词的正确形式，每空限填一词。
Many people go to Utah because they love hiking in Bryce Canyon National Park. They enjoy ___36___(岩石) climbing, camping and so on. However, some people go to Utah for a very ___37___(不同的) experience.
The Boulder Outdoor Survival(生存) School(BOSS) in Utah is the world’s oldest survival school. It teaches people how stay alive without tents, or even backpacks. In Bryce Canyon, the days are very ___38___(热的) and the nights are very cold. Not everyone wants to go and experience life without modern ___39___(发明) like smart phones and e-books. Students at BOSS quickly learn that it is important to work hard and ___40___(尝试) new things if they want to complete the training.
In survival camps at BOSS students don’t just practise camping, hiking or___41___(骑) horses. They go into the wild for days or weeks. They learn how to find ___42___ (新鲜的)water for drinking. They also learn how to make a fire, use a ___43___(小刀) and find food to eat. Nature can often give them ___44___ (每件事) they need so survive.
After these people go back to the real world they may never use these skills again. Even if they don’t, at ____45____(至少) they will always know that they can live without computers, electricity, and smart phones—even if it is only for a few days!
D
(2017﹒山东威海)My best friend has two first names. One is Heather, and the other is Na-ri. I 1. (never see) her use the name Na-ri. But today, for the first time, she is writing a letter with this name.
She 2. (born) in South Korea and adopted by American parents when she was two years old. One day, she told me about her childhood. When she went out to dinner, some South Korean strangers tried to talk to her in Korean She didn’t understand what they 3. (say), so she just looked at them. She said that she still remembered how they looked at her. Their eyes seemed to say, ＂Poor girl! You are an abandoned child.＂ From that day, Heather tried to keep saying to herself that she was American.
Two days ago, she received a letter from South Korea. The letter 4. (send) to Na-ri. She was so surprised that she couldn’t open the letter. So I did it for her. The letter was written in Korean. I said, ＂Heather, you should ask someone 5. (read) this for you. It was written in Korean.＂ But she was silent.
Yesterday, on the way home, I saw her 6. (cry) on a bench near my house. ＂What is it, honey?＂ I said. She told me that her birth mother had blood cancer, and the only cure for her illness might be Heather’s blood. I asked how she knew this. Heather said she had learned Korean secretly. Crying hard, Heather only repeated, ＂What should I do? What should I do?＂ I really had no answer.
This morning, Heather called me. ＂ 7. you (be) with me when I write a letter to South Korea?＂ I gladly went over to her house. Heather didn’t seem to have slept at all. I hugged her and told her everything would be Okay. Now I 8 (sit) in front of Heather, watching her write a letter. She hasn’t told me what she is writing, but I can guess. Heather is writing, ＂Na-ri is coming, mother.＂
E
(2017﹒山东聊城)Dream House in California is not a house for only one or two children. It’s a house for many ___1___(kid). It’s a family. It’s the future.
Imagine ___2___(live) in a hospital for many years because of illness. Imagine that one stays in a cold street ___3___(连词) there is no other place to stay. These children need help. ___4___(代词)need Dream House.
Many years ago, a little girl named Collin Rose___5___(decide)that when she grew up, she would offer a warm home ___6___(介词)those sick and homeless children. When she grew up, she became ___7___(冠词) nurse and made her dream come true. In November 2003, Collin Rose set up Dream House. Collin Rose’s efforts have___8___(encourage)many people to help sick and homeless children. ＂Every child should have a happy childhood. We may help make these children’s lives ___9___(good) than before. Your small help may ___10___(great)change their lives. No help is too small. ＂Collin Rose said.
A
(山东省潍坊市昌乐县2017年初中学生学业水平模拟)Bulling(欺凌) is doing things to hurt other people. It is a serious problem at school.
Miah, a 22-year-old girl, still 1 (remember) how she was bullied in junior high school. ＂They kicked me, put sticks in my hair and took money from me. Even worse, I 2 (make) to eat rubbish. I 3 (never forget) those moments.＂
Miah is not the only case. I saw another bullying situation when I was a student. Some students bullied a handicapped(智力低下的) girl every day — hitting, pushing and kicking her. They just enjoyed 4 (do) it. The girl didn’t realize that people 5 (hurt) her, she couldn’t even tell the teacher. The situation lasted for a long time.
Bulling at school is getting worse, so many people 6 (try) to start anti-bulling(反欺凌) program. Students in many schools have already taken actions. They 7 (create) anti-bullying clubs. Many students have joined the clubs. They work with teachers to show students how to stop bullying. Some other programs have joined the clubs. They work with teachers to show students how to stop bullying. Some other programs have proved to be successful, too.
In Wales, two girls 8 (come) up with an idea to stop bullying on the school bus. They created a bus pass(乘车证) and made four rules for students: no bullying, no swearing (骂脏话), no smoking and no shouting. Whenever a student broke a rule, he would get a mark on his pass. When a student had four marks, he 9 (not allow) to take the bus anymore. The bus pass idea worked. It 10 (stop) bullying on the bus.
B
(浙江省台州市玉环县2017年中考模拟)Do you sleep well? If your answer is no, the following might help you.
| Set a certain bedtime and rising time
A certain bedtime and rising time can help you build up your body clocks. Set a bedtime which is good and natural for you. Don’t 1 (改变)your bedtime and rising time on weekends. |
| Avoid exciting activities just before sleeping
Exciting activities get your thoughts running. At the 2 (相同的)time, if you make tomorrow’s plan or read an exciting 3 (故事) before turning off the light, it doesn’t give you 4 (足够的) time to relax before you try to sleep. |
| Keep the bedroom for sleeping only
It’s a bad habit for you to use your bedroom as a place to eat, watch TV, read, talk on the phone, or discuss important matters with your family 5 (成员). Break that habit to get 6 (更好的) sleep. |
| Don’t go to bed too early
Your body usually lets you sleep 7 (仅仅) the number of hours it needs. You should decide how many 8 (小时) you must sleep in order not to experience daytime sleepiness. |
| Take a warm shower before your bedtime
A twenty-minute warm shower at a temperature of about 45 –50 not only is a great relax when a day 9 (结束), but also raises your body temperature by 10 (几个) degrees. The coming drop in temperature of your body will naturally make you feel sleepy. |
C
(2017学年瑞安市玉海实验中学九年级期中)Heroes come in all shapes and sizes. Many heroes are not even human, such as dogs, horses and cats. They are so 1 (勇敢的) and helpful that human beings are proud of them, too. Lucca, a 12-year-old, is a great animal hero. She is a retired US Marine Corps dog. On April 5, 2016 she received the Dickin Medal in London, England. And some volunteers will provide free medical care for the 2 (生病的)and wounded animals in need. The Dickin Medal was 3 (创建)in 1943 by Maria Dickin. The Medal is the highest prize for animals working in some 4 (战争)in the world.
Lucca is the 5 (第一)U.S. Marine Corps dog to receive the medal. As a dog, Lucca’s work was dangerous. According to the US Marine Corps, Lucca protected the lives of 6 (一千) of soldiers, and no soldiers were killed while she was going around. She completed over 400 dangerous 7 (任务)during six years in Iraq and Afghanistan. She often worked without taking a 8 (休息). In 2012, she 9 (失去) her front left leg in an explosion while working in Afghanistan.
Lucca is the 66th animal to receive the Dickin Medal. 30 dogs, 10 (包括)Lucca, have got the Medal as well as three horses and one cat. How great they are！
跟踪训练
A
【文章大意】本文主要通过介绍作者通过微笑交了朋友，也是通过微笑和朋友和好。他介绍了微笑的强大作用，因此你每次努力给其他人一个微笑，你将会改善世界。
1. friendship 【解析】句意：微笑能开始一段友谊，能让我们感到温暖和快乐。有不定冠词a修饰，故此处用单数名词，故为friendship。
2. entered 【解析】句意：去年当我作为一名中学生进入一所新学校时，我没有朋友，感到孤独。根据时间状语Last year可知此处用一般过去时，故为entered。
3. lonely 【解析】句意：去年当我作为一名中学生进入一所新学校时，我没有朋友，感到孤独。作为系动词felt的表语，故用形容词，故此处为lonely。
4. hurt 【解析】句意：我努力想要站起来，但是站不起来，因为我的膝盖严重受伤。根据谓语tried可知此处用一般过去时，故为hurt。
5. twice 【解析】句意：我毫不犹豫地抓住了那只手，站了起来。without thinking twice毫不犹豫，故此处为twice。
6. However 【解析】句意：然而，甚至最好的朋友有时也会争吵。此处修饰整个句子，故用副词However。
7. regretted 【解析】句意：那天晚上冷静下来后，我后悔我的坏脾气。根据时间状语That night可知此处用一般过去时，故为regretted。
8. worried 【解析】句意：我发送给利奥的手机一个微笑的表情符号后，我等着，而且担心利奥再也不和我说话了。此处主语为I，故修饰人的感受，要用 worried。
9. moved/touched 【解析】句意：我真的很感动。主语I为，故此处修饰人的感受，要用形容词moved或touched。
10. improve 【解析】句意：你每次努力给其他人一个微笑，你将会改善世界。有助动词will修饰，故此处的谓语用动词原形，故为improve。
B
【文章大意】小镇上的人们感到很焦虑，这个小镇过去很安静，然而，这些天，一些不同寻常的事情发生在我们镇上。维克托，我学校的老师，真的很紧张。当他被城镇报纸采访时，他说：＂每天晚上我们都听到窗外奇怪的声音。我妻子认为它可能是一种动物，但我和我的朋友们认为一定是青少年正在玩。一个女人在这个地区看到了一些东西正在跑，但天很黑，所以她不确定。我们镇上的每个人都感到不安，每个人都有自己的想法。一定有什么东西在附近，但是什么？我们不知道。大多数人希望这种动物或人会走开，噪音制造者以在附近制造恐惧为乐。
1. worried 【解析】考查形容词的辨析。根据下一句句意：然而，这些天，一些不同寻常的事情发生在我们镇上，可以推断出此处应该是：小镇上的人们感到很焦虑，故填worried，空格前是感官动词feel，后跟形容词。故填 worried。
2. used 【解析】考查动词的辨析。结合题干可知此题考查的是used to do sth. 过去……，结合句意：这个小镇过去很安静，故填used。
3. happening 【解析】考查动词的辨析。结合句意：一些不同寻常的事情正发生在我们镇上，这是现在进行时，空格前是is，此处应该是现在分词，故填happening。
4. was interviewed 【解析】考查动词的辨析。结合题干可知主语he和动词采访是被动的关系，应该用被动语态，根据下一句he said 的时态可知应该用一般过去时，故填was interviewed。
5. had heard. 【解析】考查动词的辨析。结合题干可知这是一个宾语从句，主句是一般过去时，从句也应该用过去的时态，因为＂听的动作在他说之前已经发生和完成＂，所以应该用过去完成时态，故填had heard。
6. could 【解析】考查动词的辨析。结合题干可知这是一个宾语从句，主句His wife thought that 是一般过去时，从句也应该用一般过去时，故填could。
7. having 【解析】考查动词的辨析。结合题干可知这是thought后是宾语从句，it充当的是形式主语，must表示肯定的推测，结合句意：但我和我的朋友们认为一定是青少年正在玩，表示正在做某事应该用doing，故填having。
8. running 【解析】考查动词的辨析。结合题干可知这是see sb. doing sth. 句型，看见某人正在做某事，结合句意：一个女人在这个地区看到了一些东西正在跑，故填running。
9. visiting 【解析】考查动词的辨析。结合题干可知这是there must be sb/sth doing sth句型，表示某地有某人或某物一定正在做某事，结合句意：一定有什么东西在附近，故填visiting。
10. creating 【解析】考查动词的辨析。结合题干可知这是have fun doing sth. 句型，玩得高兴，以……为乐，结合句意：噪音制造者以在附近制造恐惧为乐，故填creating。
C
【文章大意】Mr. Jenkins是一个富有且贪得无厌的人，有一次他在车站上丢了一个钱包，里面有一条项链，他就许诺如果有人捡了钱包还给他，他就把钱包里的钱分一半给他。一位老妇人捡到后把钱包还给他，但Mr. Jenkins说钱包里有两条项链，要求老妇人去找到另一条，他才能履行以前的诺言。一位聪明的法官帮了老妇人的忙，并且给了Mr. Jenkins一个教训。
1. to play 【解析】do one’s best to do sth尽力去做某事。故答案为to play。
2. give 【解析】give sth to sb给某人某事物。故答案为give。
3. had left 【解析】根据前文的But when he got to the bus stop可知，此处用过去完成时。故答案为had left。
4. to make 【解析】hurry to do sth匆忙地去做某事。故答案为to make。
5. will give 【解析】根据前文的If someone finds my wallet and returns it to me可知，本句用一般将来时。故答案为will give。
6. was waiting 【解析】根据前后文及句意可知，此处用过去进行时。故答案为was waiting。
7. saw 【解析】本句是描述过去的一件事，故用一般过去时。故答案为saw。
8. happened 【解析】根据the old woman said and took the man to a judge and told him…可知，此处用一般过去时。故答案为happened。
9. don’t think 【解析】根据But there is only one ring in this wallet可知，本句用一般现在时。故答案为don’t think。
10. will belong 【解析】前面是if引导的条件状语从句，后句用一般将来时。故答案为will belong。
真题再现
A
【文章大意】本文主要介绍土耳其的一群垃圾收集者正在回收人们扔掉的书。他们已经创建了一个移动图书馆。现在有9000多本书，分为医学护理、政治、文学、历史、健康生活等20种。服务于农村学校的四岁到十岁的孩子和打孩子的书。
(1)already句意：他们已经创建了一个移动图书馆。已经，already，副词常与现在完成时连用，故填already。
(2)medical句意：现在有9000多本书，分为医学护理、政治、文学、历史、健康生活等20种。医学的，medical，形容词。根据空格后care，照顾，护理，名词，要用形容词作定语，故填medical。
(3)truck句意：图书馆在一辆卡车内，它在农村学校旅行。卡车，truck，可数名词。根据空格前不定冠词a，要用可数名词单数，故填truck。
(4)especially句意：他们希望能给儿童创造更大的热情去阅读书籍，尤其是在手机和电脑时代。尤其，副词especially。修饰介词短语做状语，要用副词，故填especially。
(5)own句意：许多学校没有阅览室或自己的图书馆。自己的，own，形容词，用在形容词性物主代词之后。空格后有library，图书馆，名词，要用形容词own，故填own。
(6)sending /giving句意：来自土耳其各地的人们把他们的旧书送到图书馆。送，give/send，动词。空格前有are，要用现在进行时，be+现在分词，send/give的现在分词sending/giving，故填 sending/giving 。
(7)lady句意：一位在移动图书馆工作的女士说：“人们的兴趣在增长。每天我们都有客人来这里借书，或者有安静的时间来读书。”女士，lady，可数名词。根据空格前有不定冠词a，要用单数lady，故填lady。
(8)borrow句意：一位在移动图书馆工作的女士说：“人们的兴趣在增长。每天我们都有客人来这里借书，或者有安静的时间来读书。借(入)，borrow，及物动词。空格前有不定式符号to，要用动词原形，故填borrow。
(9)ten句意：我们这里有适合四岁到十岁的孩子的书。十，ten，基数词，根据from four to…，要用基数词ten，故填ten。
(10)poems句意：还有适合大孩子的书，比如世界名著和诗。诗，poem，可数名词。根据空格前classics and，可知连词and的是并列的名词复数形式poems，故填poems。
B
【文章大意】Lydia参加了一项跑步捡垃圾的健身运动，这是一项集收集垃圾和跑步与一体的活动。她每周跑步四次或五次，每次出门时她经常戴着手套，带着几个袋子。现在她的丈夫也加入了她。Lydia自豪地说：“捡多少垃圾并不重要，这是保护我们星球的好方法。”
46. June 考查名词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词June“六月”，名词；句意：去年6月，她第一次有了在网上工作的想法。故答案填June。
47. five 考查数词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词five“五”，基数词；句意：Lydia每周跑步四次或五次。or并列连词，表示或者，在这里连接four和five两个并列成分，故答案填five。
48. bags 考查名词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词bag“袋子、包”，可数名词；句意：她出门时经常戴着手套，带着几个袋子。several“几个、数个”，修饰可数名词复数，故答案填bags。
49. half 考查名词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词half“一半、半数”，名词；句意：有时她花半个小时收集垃圾。half an hour“半小时”，故答案填half。
50. wasted/ has wasted 考查动词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词waste“浪费”，动词；由语境及the last few years可知时态用一般过去时或现在完成时均可，句意：她说她浪费了最后几年的跑步生活。waste的过去式和过去分词为wasted，故答案填wasted/ has wasted。
51. better 考查比较级。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词better“更好的”，good的比较级；句意：现在，她感觉跑步捡垃圾比仅仅只是在垃圾旁跑步更好。故答案填better。
52. However 考查副词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词however“然而”，副词，因其位于句首，所以第一个字母要大写；句意：然而，这对我的社区有很大的影响。故答案填However。
53. joins 考查动词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词join“加入”，动词；句意：现在我丈夫也加入了我。由语境可知句子时态用一般现在时，主语是my husband，第三人称单数，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式joins，故答案填joins。
54. proudly 考查副词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词proudly“自豪地”，副词；句意：Lydia自豪地说。设空处修饰前面的谓语动词所以用副词形式，故答案填proudly。
55. planet 考查名词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词planet“星球”，名词；句意：这是保护我们星球的好方法。本句考查固定句型：It’s+形容词+to do sth.“做某事是怎么样的”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式；故答案填planet。
【点睛】
本题为短文填空，首先要快速浏览全文，理解短文的大致意思，再精读短文注意所填的词在句中的词性、时态等等。然后根据句意、上下文联系、语境及所给出的汉语提示填写出合适的词语。如，第3小题，根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词bag“袋子、包”，可数名词；前面的several“几个、数个”，修饰可数名词复数，故答案填bags。第9小题，根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词proudly“自豪地”，副词；设空处修饰前面的谓语动词所以用副词形式，故答案填proudly。
C
【文章大意】本文主要介绍犹他州的博尔德户外生存学校。
36. rock 句意：他们喜欢攀岩、露营等。rock：岩石，rock climbing：攀岩；答案是rock。
37. different 句意：然而，有些人去犹他州是为了一个非常不同的体验。本词修饰名词可知填形容词；different：不同的，形容词；答案是different。
38. hot 句意：在布莱斯峡谷，白天很热，夜晚很冷。本句是主系表结构，形容词做表语，very后面跟形容词原级；hot：热的，形容词；答案是hot。
39. inventions 句意：不是每个人都想去体验没有像智能手机和电子书这样的现代发明的生活。invention：发明，复数inventions，可数名词复数表示泛指，单数一般不单独使用。答案是inventions。
40. try 句意：博尔德户外生存学校的学生很快明白，如果他们想完成培训，努力工作和尝试新事物是很重要的。本句句型是It is+形容词+to do sth.，and连接的两个动词形式应一致，可知and连接前后动词都应使用原形；try：尝试，动词；答案是try。
41. riding 句意：在博尔德户外生存学校里，学生们不只是练习野营、徒步旅行或骑马。短语practise doing sth.：练习做某事；or是并列连词，它连接的动词形式应一致；ride：骑，动名词是riding；答案是riding。
42. fresh 句意：他们学习如何找到饮用的淡水。fresh：新鲜的，fresh water：淡水；答案是fresh。
43. knife 句意：他们还学习如何生火，使用刀子和寻找食物吃。不定冠词a后面跟可数名词单数；knife：小刀；答案是knife。
44. everything 句意：大自然往往能给他们所需要的一切，所以生存下来。everything：每件事，一切；答案是everything。
45. least 句意：即使他们不这样做，至少他们会一直知道，即使只有几天时间，他们也可以在没有电脑、电力和智能手机的情况下生活！短语at least：至少；答案是least。
D
【文章大意】短文的作者介绍了自己最好的朋友，她有两个名字，一个是Heather，另一个是Na-ri。出生在韩国，在她两岁时候的某一天被美国父母收养。两天前，她收到了一封来自韩国的信，这封书信是用韩文写的。信上说她的生母患有血癌，唯一的治疗方法可能是Heather的血液。她不知道该怎么办，给作者打电话让作者陪着她写回信。
1. have never seen 【解析】句意：我从来没见过她用＂Na-ri＂这个名字。根据下文But today, for the first time, she is writing a letter with this name.(但是今天，她第一次用这个名字写一封信)可知推知题干意思为我从没见过她用Na-ri这个名字，句子为现在完成时，构成：have/has done，因为主语是第一人称I，故答案为have never seen。
2. was born 【解析】句意：她出生在韩国。根据题干后半句…in South Korea and adopted by American parents when she was two years old one day…(在韩国，在她两岁时候的某一天被美国父母收养了)可知句子应该为一般过去时被动语态，结构为was/were done。be born出生，故答案为was born。
3. were saying 【解析】句意：她不明白他们在说些什么。根据上文When she went out to dinner，some South Korean strangers tried to talk to her in Korean.(当她出去吃饭的时候，一些韩国陌生人试图用韩语和她交谈)可推知题干意思为她不明白他们正在说什么，所以她只是看着他们。句子为过去进行时。主语是they，所以用were，故答案为were saying。
4. was sent 【解析】句意：这封信被送到了Na-ri那里。根据上文＂Two days ago, she received a letter from South Korea.＂(两天前，她收到了一封来自韩国的信)可推知题干意思为这封信被送到Na-ri那里。句子为一般过去时的被动语态，故答案为was sent。
5. to read 【解析】句意：你应该请人帮你读这封信。根据上文The letter was written in Korean.(这封信是用韩语写的)可推知题干意思为你应该请别人帮你读这封信。ask sb to do sth.让某人去做某事，是固定搭配。故答案为to read。
6. crying 【解析】句意：我看见她在我家附近的长椅上哭泣。根据上文Yesterday，on the way home昨天，在回家的路上。可推知题干意思为我看见她正在我家附近的长椅上哭。see sb. doing sth.看到某人正做某事，是固定搭配。故答案为crying。
7. Will … be (Are …going to be也可得分) 【解析】句意：当我给韩国写信的时候你会陪着我吗？根据上文This morning，Heather called me(今天早上，Heather给我打电话)和题干后半句when I write a letter to South Korea(当我给韩国写信的时候)可推知题干意思为当我给韩国写信的时候你会陪着我吗？句子为一般将来时，故答案为Will …be。
8. am sitting 【解析】句意：现在我坐在希瑟面前看着她写这封信。根据Now判断，句子为现在进行时态，故答案为am sitting。
E
【文章大意】本文介绍了加利福尼亚的梦想之家，它不是一两个孩子的家，而是许多孩子的家。Collin Rose成立了梦想之家，鼓励更多的人去帮助生病的、无家可归的孩子，人们小小的帮助可能会极大地改变他们的生活。
1. kids 【解析】句意：它是许多孩子的家。kid名词，孩子，kids复数形式。many形容词，很多，后跟可数名词的复数。故填：kids。
2. living 【解析】句意：想象由于生病住院多年。live动词，居住，living是其-ing形式；imagine动词，想象，imagine doing想象做某事。故填：living。
3. because 【解析】句意：想象一个人待在寒冷的街道上，因为没有其他的地方可以住。because连词，因为，表示因果关系；根据上下文意可知＂待在寒冷的街道上＂是因为＂没有其他的地方可以住＂。故填：because。
4. They 【解析】句意：他们需要梦想之家。根据上文These children可知，此处用代词 they。故填：They。
5. decided 【解析】句意：许多年前，一个名叫Collin Rose的小女孩决定，当她长大后，她会给那些生病的和无家可归的孩子一个温暖的家。decide动词，决定；decided是其过去式；本句是在描述过去发生的事情，所以使用一般过去时态。故填：decided。
6. to 【解析】句意：许多年前，一个名叫Collin Rose的小女孩决定，当她长大后，她会给那些生病的和无家可归的孩子一个温暖的家。offer sth. to sb.给某人提供……。故填：to。
7. a 【解析】句意：当她长大后，她成了一名护士，梦想成真。a 冠词，一个；a nurse一位护士，表示一类人。故填：a。
8. encouraged 【解析】句意：Collin Rose的努力，已经鼓励了更多的人去帮助生病的、无家可归的孩子。encourage动词，鼓励；encouraged是其过去式或过去分词。本句描述了过去的事情对现在造成的影响和结果，使用现在完成时态，现在完成时的结构：have/has+动词的过去分词。故填：encouraged。
9. better 【解析】句意：我们可以让这些孩子的生活比以前更好。live动词，生活；better是well的比较级。根据than可知，使用比较级。故填：better。
10. greatly 【解析】句意：你小小的帮助可能会极大地改变他们的生活。great形容词，伟大的；greatly副词，大大地，修饰动词change。故填：greatly。
模拟检测
A
【文章大意】这篇短文主要讲述了欺凌在学校是一个严重的问题，文中讲述了如何对待学校的欺凌现象。
1. remembers 【解析】句意：Miah，一个22岁的女孩，仍然记住他在初中的时候是怎样被欺凌的。主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词要变第三人称单数，根据句意及所给单词提示，故填remembers。
2. was made 【解析】句意：我被使得去吃垃圾。短语be made to do sth.表示被使的去做某事。根据句意及所给单词提示，故填was made。
3. will never forget 【解析】句意：我将永远不会忘记那些时刻。这will+动词的原形。根据句意及所给单词提示， 故填will never forget。
4. doing 【解析】They just enjoyed ____4____(do) it.句意：他们仅仅是喜欢这样做。短语enjoy doing sth,表示喜欢做某事。根据句意及所给单词提示，故填doing。
5. were hurting 【解析】句意：那个女孩没有意识到人们正在伤害她。这里是过去进行时，主语是复数，这里用were doing的形式，根据句意及所给单词提示，故填were hurting。
6. are trying 【解析】句意：如多的人们正在设法建立范欺凌的工程。根据语境可知用现在进行时，其结构是are doing的形式；根据句意及所给单词提示，故填are trying。
7. have created 【解析】They ____7____(create) anti—bullying clubs.句意：他们已经创建了反欺凌的俱乐部。根据语境可知用现在完成时，其结构是have done的形式。根据句意及所给单词提示，故填have created。
8. came 【解析】句意：在威尔士，在公共汽车上，两个女孩想出了一个主意来阻止欺凌。短语come up with…表示想出，提出，这里用一般过去时态。根据句意及所给单词提示，故填came。
9. wouldn’t be allowed 【解析】句意：他不在被允许乘公共汽车。这里是被动语态，be allowed to do sth.表示被允许做某事。根据句意及所给单词提示，故填wouldn’t be allowed。
10. stopped 【解析】It ___10___(stop) bullying on the bus.停止在公共汽车上的欺凌。根据句意及所给单词提示，故填stopped。
B
【文章大意】这篇短文主要介绍了五种有助于提高睡眠质量的方法。如：按时睡觉、按时起床，避免睡前的兴奋的活动，卧室只供睡觉用，不要太早上床睡觉，临睡前洗个热水澡等。
1. change 【解析】句意：周末不要改变就寝时间和起床时间。否定祈使句Don’t do sth.：不要做某事，don’t后面跟动词原形；根据汉语提示和语境及句意可知填change。
2. same 【解析】句意：同时，如果你在关灯前制订明天的计划或者读一个令人兴奋的故事，在你试图睡觉之前那就不会给你足够的时间放松。短语：at the same time：同时；根据汉语提示和语境及句意可知填same。
3. story 【解析】句意：同时，如果你在关灯前制订明天的计划或者读一个令人兴奋的故事，在你试图睡觉之前那就不会给你足够的时间放松。根据前面的冠词an可知用单数形式，根据汉语提示和语境及句意可知填story。
4. enough 【解析】句意：同时，如果你在关灯前制订明天的计划或者读一个令人兴奋的故事，在你试图睡觉之前那就不会给你足够的时间放松。Time时间，名词，形容词修饰名词；根据汉语提示和语境及句意可知填enough。
5. members 【解析】句意：对你来说，把卧室当作吃饭，看电视，读书，打电话，或者和家人讨论重要的事情的地方，这是一个坏习惯。根据语境可知用复数形式，再结合汉语提示和语境及句意可知填Members。
6. better 【解析】句意：打破那个习惯，睡个好觉。形容词修饰名词，根据汉语提示和语境及句意可知填better。
7. only 【解析】句意：你的身体通常只允许你睡眠所需的时间。how many多少，后面跟名词的复数，根据汉语提示和语境及句意可知填only。
8. hours 【解析】句意：你应该决定睡多少个小时，以免白天嗜睡。根据汉语提示和语境及句意可知填hours。
9. ends 【解析】句意：120分钟左右的45到50度的温水淋浴，不仅是在一天结束时的一种很好的放松，还能使你的体温提高几度。此句的时态是一般现在时，从句的主语是a day三单，根据主谓一致原则，可知谓语用单数形式，结合汉语提示和语境及句意可知填ends。
10. several 【解析】句意：120分钟左右的45到50度的温水淋浴，不仅是在一天结束时的一种很好的放松，还能使你的体温提高几度。根据汉语提示和语境及句意可知填several。
C
【文章大意】本文介绍了迪金勋章的创建以及它是颁给那些做出杰出贡献的动物的。其中一只名叫Lucca的狗在伊拉克和阿富汗工作的六年中，执行了很多危险的任务，救了很多人，失去了左前腿，获得了这个奖章。
1. brave 【解析】句意：它们如此的勇敢，乐于助人以至于人们为它们感到骄傲。so+形容词/副词+that+从句＂如此……以至于……＂，作为系动词are的表语，用形容词，故为brave。
2. sick 【解析】句意：一些志愿者将给生病和受伤的动物提供免费的医疗。修饰名词animals，要用形容词，故为sick。
3. founded 【解析】句意：The Dickin Medal是由Maria Dickin在1943年创建的。根据by Maria Dickin可知表示被动，结合句意表示创建，故用过去分词founded。
4. wars 【解析】句意：The Medal是给在世界上一些战争中工作的动物的最高奖。有some修饰，故用复数名词，故为wars。
5. first 【解析】句意：Lucca是第一只获得这个奖的美国海军陆战队的狗。表示第一，故用序数词，故为first。
6. thousands 【解析】句意：根据海军陆战队的报道，Lucca保护了成千上万名士兵的生命。thousands of成千上万的，故为thousands。
7. tasks 【解析】句意：它在伊拉克和阿富汗的六年期间完成了400多项危险的任务。有over 400修饰，故用复数名词，故为tasks。
8. rest/break 【解析】句意：它经常工作不休息。take a rest=take a break，表示＂休息＂，故为rest。
9. lost 【解析】句意：在2012年，它在阿富汗工作时失去了她的左前腿。根据in 2012可知此处用一般过去时，故为lost。
10. including 【解析】句意：在第66届获得迪金勋章的动物，有包括Lucca在内的30只狗以及三匹马和一只猫，获得了那个奖章。修饰Lucca，故用介词including。
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