2021知到答案 英语语言学（2019秋冬校内） 最新智慧树满分章节测试答案

第三章 单元测试

1、单选题：
The italicized word in the sentence “They are better fed, better housed, and better clothed than ever before” is a good example of ________.
选项：
A:compounding
B:blending
C:conversion
D:derivation
答案: 【conversion 】

2、多选题：
We can classify morphemes into ________.
选项：
A:bound morphemes and free morphemes
B:lexical morphemes and grammatical morphemes
C:derivational morphemes and inflectional morphemes
D:adjective morphemes and numeral morphemes
答案: 【bound morphemes and free morphemes;
lexical morphemes and grammatical morphemes;
derivational morphemes and inflectional morphemes】

3、多选题：
________ of the four words are good examples of compounding.
选项：
A: hotdog
B:blueprint
C:blackboard
D:mouthful
答案: 【 hotdog ;
blueprint ;
blackboard 】

4、单选题：
A(n) ________ is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms.
选项：
A:morpheme
B:allomorph
C:word
D:lexeme
答案: 【morpheme 】

5、单选题：
The word children contains _________ morphemes
选项：
A: 1
B: 2
C: 3
D: 4
答案: 【 2】

6、单选题：
The italicized word in sentence ________, the italicized part DOESN’T involve conversion.
选项：
A:His smile could not very well mask his anger.
B:He walked carefully so as not to wet his shoes.
C:The teacher told the students to be quiet.
D: The book yellowed with age.
答案: 【The teacher told the students to be quiet. 】

7、判断题：
Most prefixes can occur as independent words.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

8、判断题：
Such compounds as quick-frozen, far-fetched, fresh-baked, and long-awaited are  created by “a./ad. + v.-ed”.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】

9、判断题：
In American English, compounds are NOT usually written solid as soon as they have gained some permanent status.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

10、判断题：
A compound can be formed by placing any lexical item in front of another.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

第四章 单元测试

1、判断题：
Syntax is the study of how words and phrases are properly formed out of elements of a language.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

2、判断题：
Many syntactic theories have developed in response to generative syntax.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】

3、判断题：
In the course of its development, generative grammar gradually shifted its focus from language itself to the native speaker’s knowledge of language.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】

4、判断题：
In the generative tradition, language is usually understood to refer to the all the language structures that native speakers can generate.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

5、判断题：
According to Chomsky, I-language refers to a set of sentences a native speaker can use.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

6、单选题：
The sub-component which includes the rules governing word formation is called ________.
选项：
A:morphology
B:phonology
C:semantics
D:pragmatics
答案: 【morphology】

7、单选题：
________ is to syntax what phoneme to phonology and morpheme to morphology.
选项：
A:Syntactic category
B:Sentence
C:Utterance
D:Meaning
答案: 【Syntactic category 】

8、多选题：
Among the following categories, ________ are word categories.
选项：
A:VP
B:NP
C:P
D:Adj.
答案: 【P;
Adj.】

9、单选题：
In the category of CP, letter C stands for ____________.
选项：
A:capital
B:complement
C:curriculum
D:complementizer
答案: 【complementizer】

10、多选题：
Adverbs in English can be divided into ________.
选项：
A:manner adverbs
B:small adverbs
C:big adverbs
D:sentence-adverbs
答案: 【manner adverbs;
sentence-adverbs】

第五章 单元测试

1、单选题：
The approach to semantic study that is more concerned with the relationship between linguistic expressions and the phenomena in the world to which they refer may be called ________.
选项：
A:Logical Semantics
B:Linguistic Semantics
C:Formal Semantics
D:Cognitive Semantics
答案: 【Logical Semantics 】

2、判断题：
The Contextualist View of meaning is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from observable contexts.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】

3、多选题：
Meaning can be studied as ________.
选项：
A:naming
B:concepts
C:contexts
D:behavior
答案: 【naming ;
concepts ;
contexts  ;
behavior】

4、多选题：
Predication analysis is to break down predications into their constituents: ________ and ________.
选项：
A:head
B:argument
C:predicate
D:complement
答案: 【argument ;
predicate 】

5、单选题：
The predication of the sentence “Jack is happy” is said to consist of Jack, the _________, and happy, the predicate.
选项：
A:argument
B:predicate
C:predication
D:subject
答案: 【argument 】

6、判断题：
The sense relations between words can be analyzed in terms of truth conditions.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

7、判断题：
As for gradable antonyms, the denial of one is the assertion of the other.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

8、判断题：
A pair of complementary antonyms is characterized by the feature that the denial of one member implies the assertion of the other.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】

9、判断题：
The concept of REFERENCE can be regarded as a connection between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】

10、判断题：
According to the classic semantic triangle suggested by Ogden and Richards, the meaning of a word is the concept connecting the word with the real thing in the world. This concept is called Reference or Thought.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】

第六章 单元测试

1、判断题：
All the acts that belong to the same category act share the same purpose or the same illocutionary act, and they are the same in their strength or force.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

2、判断题：
Conversation participants almost always observe the CP and the maxims of the CP.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

3、判断题：
A sentence is grammatical concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied as the abstract intrinsic property of the sentence itself in terms of a predication
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】

4、判断题：
Utterance is based on sentence meaning; it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication or simply in a context.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】

5、单选题：
All the utterance that can be made to serve the same purpose may vary in their ________ form.
选项：
A:syntactic
B:semantic
C:grammatical
D:pragmatic
答案: 【syntactic  】

6、单选题：
The Cooperative Principle is proposed by ________.
选项：
A:John Searle
B:John Austin
C:Paul Grice
D:John Lyons
答案: 【Paul Grice 】

7、多选题：
The maxim of quantity requires: ________.
选项：
A:Make your contribution as informative as required.
B:Do not make contribution more informative than is required.
C:Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.
D:Do not say something that is not relevant.
答案: 【Make your contribution as informative as required.;
Do not make contribution more informative than is required.】

8、单选题：
Most of the violations of the maxims of the CP give rise to ________.
选项：
A:utterance meaning
B:speech act theory
C:conversational implicatures
D:

all of the options

答案: 【conversational implicatures】

9、单选题：
The significance of Grice’s CP lies in that it explains how it is possible for the speaker to convey ________ is literally said.
选项：
A:more than
B:less than
C:the same as
D:none of the  options
答案: 【more than  】

第七章 单元测试

1、单选题：
The following is the clipped words EXCEPT ________.
选项：
A:butch
B:cam
C:fridge
D:info
答案: 【butch 】

2、单选题：
As a result of the Norman Conquest of 1066, vast quantities of ________ words were added to the English vocabulary.
选项：
A:Roman
B:Latin
C:German
D:French
答案: 【French】

3、单选题：
Morphological and syntactic changes in English language including the following EXCEPT ________.
选项：
A:change in agreement rule
B:analogic change
C:process of simplification
D:loss of inflections
答案: 【analogic change 】

4、单选题：
The following are the methods for the addition of new words EXCEPT ________.
选项：
A:blending
B:clipping
C:back-formation
D:meaning shift
答案: 【meaning shift】

5、单选题：
The meaning of word accident has undergone the process of ________.
选项：
A:widening of meaning
B:narrowing of meaning
C:meaning elevation
D:meaning degradation
答案: 【narrowing of meaning 】

6、单选题：
The word pioneer used to refer to a foot soldier who cleared the way for any army by falling trees, but now it refers to a person who goes before, preparing the way for others, as a scientist doing exploratory work. This process of change is called ________.
选项：
A:widening of meaning
B:narrowing of meaning
C:meaning elevation
D:meaning degradation
答案: 【meaning elevation 】

7、多选题：
Which of the following words are formed by clipping?
选项：
A:sci-fi
B:docudrama
C:script
D:comfy
E:bookkeep
答案: 【script ;
comfy 】

8、判断题：
Only words of the same parts of speech can be combined to form compounds.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

9、判断题：
All the former job titles with –man have been replaced by the new job titles with –person.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

10、判断题：
The change of grammar is caused by economy of memory.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

第八章 单元测试

1、单选题：
Someone who can speak many languages is called ________.
选项：
A:Polyglot
B:Bilingualist
C:Linguist
D:Genius
答案: 【Polyglot 】

2、多选题：
The social factors in sociolinguistic studies do include ________.
选项：
A:Educational background
B:Occupation
C:Social hierarchy
D:Social class
答案: 【Educational background ;
Occupation ;
Social hierarchy ;
Social class】

3、单选题：
Ethnic dialects are mainly spoken by a less privileged population, such as the ________.
选项：
A:British English
B:Queen’s English
C:Black English
D:American English
答案: 【Black English 】

4、多选题：
Code-switching can happen in ________.
选项：
A:Hongkong
B:Macao
C:Germany
D:Belgium
答案: 【Hongkong;
Macao;
Germany;
Belgium】

5、多选题：
From different perspectives, sociolinguistics may be classified into ________.
选项：
A:Sociolinguistics and sociology of language
B:Macro-sociolinguistics and micro-sociolinguistics
C:Broad sociolinguistics and narrow sociolinguistics
D:Sociolinguistics and social dialects
答案: 【Sociolinguistics and sociology of language;
Macro-sociolinguistics and micro-sociolinguistics;
Broad sociolinguistics and narrow sociolinguistics】

6、判断题：
Gender varieties arise because language, as a social phenomenon, is closely related to social attitudes.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】

7、判断题：
Macro-studies are to look at society as a whole and consider how language functions in it and how it reflects the social differentiations.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】

8、判断题：
For a sociolinguist, code-switching means the switch made by a speaker or writer from one language or language variety to another.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】

9、判断题：
Greek does not belong to Indo-European Language Family.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

10、判断题：
In sociolinguistics, code-switching is the use of more than one linguistic variety in a manner consistent with the syntax and phonology of each variety.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】

第九章 单元测试

1、判断题：
Language is heavily tinted with its culture, and culture also affects its people’s language uses.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】

2、判断题：
Acculturation means a continuing process whereby an individual acquires a personal identity and learns the norms, values, behavior, and social skills appropriate to his or her social position.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

3、判断题：
The appearance of loan words is one typical example of cultural diffusion.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】

4、判断题：
Language and culture are closely related to each other, and it is extremely difficult to separate the two.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】

5、判断题：
The ignorance of cultural differences will not necessarily create barriers in learning the target language and in communication.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

6、判断题：
Denotative meaning refers to the meaning that isn’t stated but implied; the implication of a word, apart from its primary meaning.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

7、单选题：
As the saying goes “A man’s home is his castle”, western people place a high value on ________.
选项：
A:compliment
B:proverb
C:privacy
D:addressing
答案: 【privacy】

8、多选题：
Successful communication occurs when the listener can ________ from the speaker’s point of view.
选项：
A:smell things
B:understand the ways of knowing the world
C:see things
D:sense the feelings to given issues
答案: 【understand the ways of knowing the world;
see things;
sense the feelings to given issues】

9、多选题：
In cross-cultural communication, ________ are key points to mutual understanding and can serve as the bridge that will help us transcend cultural barriers.
选项：
A:honesty
B:nationalism
C:sensitivity
D:sincerity
答案: 【honesty;
sincerity】

10、多选题：
A linguistic sign may simultaneously have ________ meanings which are bound with cultural encodings or associations.
选项：
A:denotative
B:associative
C:ironic
D:connotative
答案: 【denotative;
ironic;
connotative】

第十章 单元测试

1、判断题：
The common denial that birds are animals among very young children is a typical example of over-extension.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

2、判断题：
Dyslexia refers to the abnormal difficulty in reading and spelling caused by a brain lesion.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】

3、多选题：
According to the behaviorist view of language acquisition, ________ and ________ are preliminary or fundamental, and discrimination and generalization are crucial or key to language development.
选项：
A:practice
B:imitation
C:pre-equipped UG
D:inner mechanism
答案: 【practice;
imitation】

4、多选题：
According to the interactionist view of language acquisition, language development is a result of the complex interaction between ________ and ________.
选项：
A:the human characteristics of the child
B:the reinforcement the child has received
C:the environment in which the child develops
D:the concepts the child has formed about the world
答案: 【the human characteristics of the child;
the environment in which the child develops】

5、单选题：
Many studies of children’s acquisition sequences and errors in various languages have revealed that children have some ________ for making sense of language information.
选项：
A:grammar principles
B:reinforcement principles
C:operating principles
D:reward principles
答案: 【operating principles】

6、判断题：
According to Chomsky, human beings are not biologically programmed for language and the language develops in the child with extreme attention and efforts.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

7、判断题：
The innatists argue that children can discover the rules and principles underneath the language by trial and error.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

8、单选题：
The speech contains content words and lacks function elements can be called ________.
选项：
A:caretaker talk
B:child directed speech
C:motherese
D:telegraphic speech
答案: 【telegraphic speech】

9、单选题：
A child may get confused hearing the color of white used for paper because he originally thought it as the word only for snow. This phenomenon belongs to ________.
选项：
A:analogy
B:over-extension
C:under-extension
D:overgeneralization
答案: 【under-extension】

10、单选题：
Which of the following is the term meaning repetition of sounds, syllables, or phrases where the speaker cannot “release” the words?
选项：
A:aphasia
B:autism
C:stuttering
D:dysgraphia
答案: 【stuttering】

第十一章 单元测试

1、判断题：
Interlanguage is defined as an abstract system of learners’ target language system.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

2、判断题：
The goal of contrastive analysis is to predict what areas will be easy to learn and what areas will be difficult to learn.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】

3、判断题：
Contrastive analysis involves describing the learners’ interlanguage, then comparing the two forms to locate mismatches.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

4、判断题：
It is generally believed that people learn their first language consciously and acquire their second language naturally.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

5、单选题：
Mistakes often occur when learners fail to perform their competence, suggesting failure in ________.
选项：
A:competence
B:knowledge
C:attention
D:performance
答案: 【performance】

6、多选题：
________ errors occur when the learner misuses an item because it shares features with an item in the native language.
选项：
A:interlingual
B:intralingual
C:transfer
D:developmental
答案: 【interlingual;
transfer】

7、多选题：
According to Krashen, ________ and ________ were two independent means or routes of second language learning.
选项：
A:acquisition
B:transfer
C:learning
D:input
答案: 【acquisition;
learning】

8、单选题：
*“I losed the game.” and “There are ten sheeps.” are illustrations of ________ and performance errors.
选项：
A:overgeneralization
B:cross-association
C:transfer mistakes
D:developmental mistakes
答案: 【overgeneralization】

9、判断题：
It is generally accepted that successful learners tend to use more strategies and use them more selectively and flexibly.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】

10、判断题：
According to contrastive analysis, the greater the differences between L1 and L2, the more frequently the error will occur.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】

第十二章 单元测试

1、单选题：
________ produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense, often as unintelligible.
选项：
A:Broca’s aphasic
B:The linguistic deprivation
C:The damage on the angular gyrus
D:Wernicke’s aphasic
答案: 【Wernicke’s aphasic】

2、单选题：
________ is the study of language in relation to the mind.
选项：
A:Sociolinguistics
B:Psycholinguistics
C:Linguistics
D:Semantics
答案: 【Psycholinguistics】

3、单选题：
The brain is divided into two roughly symmetrical halves, called ________, one on the right and one on the left.
选项：
A:hemispheres
B:cortexes
C:stems
D:cerebrums
答案: 【hemispheres】

4、单选题：
Which of the following parts of the brain accounts for the human distinctness in the animal world?
选项：
A:neuron
B:brain stem
C:cerebrum
D:cerebral cortex
答案: 【cerebral cortex】

5、多选题：
Which of the following methods are used to examine the behavior associated with the brain?
选项：
A:SAT
B:CET
C:dichotic listening
D:split brain studies
E:autopsy studies
答案: 【dichotic listening;
split brain studies】

6、判断题：
Left hemisphere is primarily responsible for language and there are specific language areas within the left hemisphere.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】

7、判断题：
It has been proved that the right ear shows an advantage for the perception of linguistic signal.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】

8、判断题：
Most right-handed individuals have language represented in the left hemisphere and left-handers have language localization in the right hemisphere.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

9、判断题：
In the priming experiment, both prime and target are stimuli.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】

10、判断题：
The priming task tells us that aspects of phonology are automatically activated during word reading.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】

第十三章 单元测试

1、单选题：
Which event stands for the formal establishment of cognitive linguistics as a discipline?
选项：
A:The publication of Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things
B:The first International Cognitive Linguistics Conference was held in Duisburg Germany
C:The publication of Metaphors We Live by
D:The first course about cognitive linguistics was set up
答案: 【The first International Cognitive Linguistics Conference was held in Duisburg Germany】

2、单选题：
In the metaphor “Our car has broken down”, the source domain is?
选项：
A:House
B:Car
C:The house collapses
D:Car collapses
答案: 【House】

3、单选题：
Which of the following views means that “the choice of the subject of a sentence depends on the degree of the prominence of each element in the context described by the sentence”?
选项：
A:The attentional view
B:The experiential view
C:The prominence view
D:The cognitive view
答案: 【The prominence view】

4、多选题：
Cognitive linguistics is born on the basis of ________.
选项：
A:Generative grammar
B:The opposing of generative grammar
C:The opposing of the mainstream linguistic conversion
D:

All of the options

答案: 【The opposing of generative grammar;
The opposing of the mainstream linguistic conversion】

5、多选题：
Both ________ and ________ were written by George Lakoff.
选项：
A:Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things
B:Language and its Structure
C:Metaphors We Live by
D:Foundations of Cognitive Grammar
答案: 【Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things;
Metaphors We Live by】

6、多选题：
Aristotle’s classical category theory has had a profound impact on ________.
选项：
A:Philosophy
B:Logics
C:Humanities and social sciences
D:Prototype theory
答案: 【Philosophy;
Logics;
Humanities and social sciences;
Prototype theory】

7、判断题：
The essential feature of the traditional view of the category is the binary opposition.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】

8、判断题：
In different cultures, the prototypes of the category “bird” may be different.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】

9、判断题：
Metaphors are culture-related.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】

10、判断题：
The prototype category‘s philosophical roots are based on family similarity.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】