摘 要
20世纪60年代以来，随着科学技术的进步和微电子行业的快速发展，可编程控制技术也处于快速发展阶段，在工业自动化控制领域中得到了广泛的运用。可编程控制器（PLC）拥有可靠性高和操作简便等特点，已经成为了工控领域重要的，也是不可或缺的一部分。运料小车系统作为具有代表性的PLC控制系统，普遍存在于现代化的工业生产中。传统的运料小车系统非常落后，大多都是运用继电器来进行控制，众所周知，继电器控制有着很多的缺点，如故障率高、接线复杂、维护维修难度大等。PLC已经成为目前国际控制市场上的主流产品，并且在市场、技术等方面较继电器有很大的优势，继电器控制逐渐被PLC控制所替代已是一种趋势。
运料小车的电气控制系统若与PLC控制技术相结合，可以很容易地实现运料小车的全自动运行，不仅降低了系统的运行成本，更重要的是工业生产效率得到了显著的提高。现阶段，PLC的功能不仅仅局限于能实现继电器的逻辑控制功能，还具有数字量和模拟量的采集和转化、以太网通信、PID算法调节、DCS生产监控及故障自诊断等功能。本文以信捷电气股份有限公司生产的信捷XC系列PLC为基础，通过两周的自学，按照控制要求设计出了一套完整的运料小车控制方案，具体内容如下：
首先，介绍了运料小车控制系统的研究背景，发展状况，概括了它的发展趋势和应用前景。并初步分析了控制思路，明确实验的目的。
其次，对实验中所要用到的PLC、触摸屏、变频器等硬件进行进一步的研究，了解其硬件结构、参数设置和软件编程。详细分析了控制要求，并能根据控制需要选择合适的硬件。成功构建了运料小车模拟系统，为接下来的编程调试阶段打下基础。
最后，根据构建的模拟系统进行相应主程序的编写，主程序大致无误之后，适当加入一些监控程序，包括速度监控、位置监控和状态监控。由于需要配合触摸屏的使用，一些中间标志位也是必不可少的。考虑到实际工程项目中可能会出现的问题，对程序进行了进一步的完善，提高了系统稳定性和安全性。
关键词：PLC；运料小车；控制系统
ABSTRACT
Since the 1960s, with the rapid development of science and technology and the rapid development of microelectronics industry, programmable control technology is also in a rapid development stage, in the field of industrial automation and control has been widely used. Programmable controller (PLC) has the characteristics of high reliability and easy operation, which has become an important and indispensable part of industrial control field. The transport car system is prevalent in modern industrial production. Most of the traditional transport car system is the use of relays to control, and relay control has a lot of shortcomings, such as high failure rate, wiring complex, maintenance and repair difficult. The PLC as the current international control of the mainstream market controller, in the market, technology and other aspects of a great advantage, relay control is gradually replaced by PLC control is the trend of the times.
The PLC control technology will be applied to the electrical control system of the transport car, which can realize the automatic operation of the freight car. It not only reduces the running cost of the system, but also improves the work efficiency. Now, PLC can not only realize the logic control function of the relay, but also has the digital and analog acquisition and transformation, communication networking, PID regulation, DCS production monitoring and fault self-diagnosis and other functions. Based on the letter XC series PLC produced by Xinjie Electric Co., Ltd., this paper has designed a complete set of control measures for transporting vehicles according to the control requirements. The specific contents are as follows:
Firstly, it introduces the research background and development of the control system, and summarizes its development trend and application prospect. And the initial analysis of the control ideas, clear the purpose of the experiment.
Second, the experiment to use the PLC, touch screen, inverter and other hardware for further study, to understand its hardware structure, parameter settings and software programming. Detailed analysis of the control requirements, and according to the control needs to select the appropriate hardware. Successfully built a transport car simulation system for the next stage of programming debugging to lay the foundation.
Finally, according to the construction of the simulation system for the preparation of the corresponding main program, the main program is generally correct, the appropriate access to some monitoring procedures, including speed monitoring, location monitoring and status monitoring. Due to the need to cooperate with the use of touch screen, some intermediate signs are also essential. Taking into account the actual project may occur in the problem, the program has been further improved to improve the system stability and security.
Key words：PLC；Material transport trolley；control system
目 录
摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
第一章 绪 论 2
1.1研究背景 2
1.2运料小车控制系统的发展过程 2
1.3本论文主要研究的内容 2
第二章 可编程控制器(PLC)与人机界面(HML) 2
2.1 PLC与HML的定义 2
2.2 PLC与HML的结构组成 2
2.3 PLC的工作原理 2
2.4 PLC的编程语言 2
2.5 PLC的程序 2
2.6 本章小结 2
第三章 运料小车控制系统方案设计 2
3.1 控制内容与要求 2
3.2 方案设计 2
3.2.1运料小车运动分析 2
3.2.2控制系统框图 2
3.3 本章小结 2
第四章 控制系统硬件设计 2
4.1 PLC选型 2
4.2 HML选型 2
4.3 三相异步电动机选型 2
4.4 变频器的选型 2
4.5 编码器的选型 2
4.6 PLC外部接线图及硬件清单 2
4.7 本章小结 2
第五章 控制系统软件设计 2
5.1 I/O地址及软元件分配 2
5.1.1 I/O分配表 2
5.1.2 软元件分配表 2
5.2 软件流程图 2
5.3 系统软件设计 2
5.3.1 PLC程序设计 2
5.3.2触摸屏的设计 2
5.4 编程软件的应用 2
5.5 本章小结 2
第六章 总结与展望 2
6.1 论文工作总结 2
6.2 后续研究工作展望 2
致谢 2
参考文献 2
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