任务一 单元测试
1、多选题：
Traditional ecology includes ( ).
选项：
A:Ecosystem
B:Population
C:Community
D:Organism
答案: 【Ecosystem;
Population;
Community;
Organism】
2、多选题：
Experiments have some elements in common，including ( ).
选项：
A:Randomization
B:Treatment Groups
C:Control Groups
D:All the above
答案: 【Randomization;
Treatment Groups;
Control Groups;
All the above】
3、单选题：
The study of environment influence on the evolution of organisms. Natural selection, evolution of populations is ( ).
选项：
A:Landscape ecology
B:Evolution Ecology
C:Community ecology
D:Behavioral ecology
答案: 【Evolution Ecology】
4、单选题：
The study of how groups of individuals (belonging to the same species) grow (or shrink) and reproduce. Depending on the nature of the species, many factors (food availability, competition, predation etc.) may affect population growth is ( ).
选项：
A:Ecosystem ecology
B:Community ecology
C:Population ecology
D:Landscape ecology
答案: 【Population ecology】
5、判断题：
A ecosystem consists of two basic interacting components of Biotic and Abiotic.（ ）
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
任务二 单元测试
1、多选题：
In a hydrologic cycle, there are processos of ( ).
选项：
A:Interception
B:Groundwater recharge
C:Precipitation
D:Infiltration
答案: 【Interception;
Groundwater recharge;
Precipitation;
Infiltration】
2、多选题：
What factors determine the population growth?（ ）
选项：
A:immigration rate
B:emigration rate
C:birth rate
D:death rate
答案: 【immigration rate;
emigration rate;
birth rate;
death rate】
3、判断题：
Freshwater is hyperosmotic. ( )
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
4、判断题：
Saltwater is hypoosmotic. （ ）
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
5、判断题：
when a system deviates from the normal or desired state, mechanisms function to restore the system back to that state， it is called negative feedback.（ ）
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
任务三 单元测试
1、单选题：
Assume a population, at t=0, population size is N(0), ratio of population size change in one year to the size of the proceeding year. This model is ( ).
选项：
A:exponential growth model
B:liner growth model
C:logistic growth model
D:geometric growth model
答案: 【geometric growth model】
2、判断题：
The proportions of each individual in each age class is age structure.( )
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
3、判断题：
The purpose of life table is to provide a clear and systematic picture of mortality and survival within a population. Can also be used to simulate population size change.（ ）
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
4、判断题：
Intrinsic rate of increase can NOT be estimated from the life table.（ ）
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
5、判断题：
Birth rate and survivorship determine net reproductive rate. ( )
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
6、判断题：
The number of individuals of a population the environment can support is Carrying capacity. （ ）
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
任务四 单元测试
1、判断题：
Interactions benefit both species is Mutualism. ( )
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
2、判断题：
Benefit one, but do no harm on another is commensalism. （ ）
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
3、判断题：
A relationship of two organisms living together (symbiosis) and one derives its nourishment at the expense of the other is called Parasitism. （ ）
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
4、判断题：
Two consumers share the same resource, each reduces the availability of resources of the other. It is called competition. （ ）
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
5、判断题：
Dynamics of consumer-resource interactions reflect mutual evolutionary responses. ( )
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
任务五 单元测试
1、判断题：
Populations are limited by the single resource that is most scarce relative to demand is called Liebig’s law of minimum. （ ）
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
2、判断题：
The theory of competition and coexistence is an extension of logistic growth model is called Lokta-Volterra Model. （ ）
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
3、判断题：
Space is Non-renewable resource.（ ）
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
4、判断题：
Lokta-Volterra Model is derived from logistic growth equation and add influence of another species (a competition component.（ ）
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
5、判断题：
Interspecific competition reduces the equilibrium level of a population below the carrying capacity.( )
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
6、判断题：
The theory of competition and coexistence is an extension of logistic growth model (Lokta-Volterra Model).（ ）
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
7、判断题：
Unstable situation, both inhibit in a density dependent manner. Depending on initial density, either can make other extinct，competition can go either way.（ ）
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
8、判断题：
Each species inhibits its own population growth more than competitor. Neither can eliminate competitor, it is coexistence.（ ）
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
9、判断题：
Asymmetric competition can NOT occur when different factors limit the populations of competitors.（ ）
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】
10、单选题：
There are（ ）possible outcomes of interspecific competition. ( )
选项：
A:four
B:three
C:One
D:Two
答案: 【four】
任务六 单元测试
1、判断题：
Many predator and prey populations increase and decrease in regular cycles. （ ）
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
2、判断题：
Lotka-Volterra model can NOT be stabilized by predator satiation. （ ）
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【错】
3、判断题：
Consumer-Resource system can have ONLY one stable state. ( )
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】
4、判断题：
Factors can INCREASE oscillation of predator-prey models.（ ）
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】
5、判断题：
There is a cyclical rise and fall in both the predator and prey populations with time. （ ）
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
6、判断题：
A surprising prediction of the pradation model is that increase in r of prey growth leads to an increase in predator population, not the prey.（ ）
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
7、判断题：
An increase in the birth rate of prey increases the predator population, but no the prey population.（ ）
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
8、判断题：
Consumer-Resource system can have two or more stable states. （ ）
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【错】
9、判断题：
Pathogen-host dynamics can be described by S-I-R model.（ ）
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
10、判断题：
The change in predator and prey populations together follows a closed cycle that combines the individual changes in the predator and prey population, it is called joint population trajectory. （ ）
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
任务七 单元测试
1、判断题：
A group of species that coexist in a space and time and interact with one another directly or indirectly is called community.（ ）
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
2、判断题：
Places where many species reach the edges of their distributions is called Ecotons.（ ）
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
3、判断题：
The indirect effects of consumer-resource interactions extend through additional trophic levels of a community is called Trophic cascade.（ ）
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
4、判断题：
A species that has a disproportionate不成比例impact on the community relative to its abundance is called Keystone species.（ ）
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
5、判断题：
Relative abundance means counting all individuals of each species in a number of sample plots within a community and determining what percentage each contributes to the total number of individual of all species. ( )
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
6、判断题：
Species richness means number of species within the community. ( )
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
7、判断题：
Energy flow web means connections between species are quantified by the flux of energy between a resource and its consumer. ( )
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
8、判断题：
Functional web means influence on the growth rate of other species population. ( )
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
9、判断题：
Connectedness web emphasize feeding relationships among species, portrayed描绘as links in food web. ( )
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
任务八 单元测试
1、判断题：
The process of gradual and (seemingly) directional change in the structural of the community through time is called Succession. ( )
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
2、判断题：
Primary succession occurs on newly exposed substrates. ( )
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
3、判断题：
Monoclimax hypothesis view community as a highly integrated superorganism, the process of succession represents gradual and progressive development of community to ultimate or climax stage. ( )
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
4、判断题：
Succession becomes self-limiting as it approaches the climax. ( )
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
5、判断题：
Succession is a series of changes leading to a stable climax, whose character is determined by local environment. Once established, a beech-maple forest perpetuates itself, and its general appearance changes little despite constant replacement of individuals within the community. ( )
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
任务九 单元测试
1、判断题：
Biotic community and abiotic environment functioning as a system. Includes organism-complex and whole complex of physical factors is called ecosystem. ( )
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
2、判断题：
Ratio of carbon fixed (photosynthesis) per unit of water lost (transpiration) is called Water Use Efficiency. ( )
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
3、判断题：
The ratio of dry matter production to the assimilation of a particular nutrient element, usually expressed as grams per gram is called Nutrient use efficiency ( NUE). ( )
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
4、判断题：
Standing crop biomass is amount of accumulated organic matter in an area at a given time. ( )
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
5、判断题：
Photosynthetic efficiency is the percentage of the energy in sunlight that is converted to net primary production during the growing season. ( )
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
6、判断题：
Only 5%– 20% of assimilated energy passes between trophic levels. ( )
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
7、单选题：
Ecosystem have ( ) major food chains( ).
选项：
A:Two
B:Four
C:One
D:three
答案: 【Two】
任务十 单元测试
1、判断题：
Assimilatoiry process is the transformation of inorganic forms of elements into the molecules of organisms, such as photosynthesis. ( )
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
2、判断题：
Dissimilatory process is the transformation of organic form of elements back to inorganic form, such as respiration. ( )
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
3、判断题：
Phosphorus cycle has no atmospheric pool. ( )
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
4、判断题：
Sulfur exists in many oxidized and reduced forms cycle. ( )
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
5、判断题：
Sulfur cycle is both sedimentary and gaseous. ( )
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
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