2023年秋江苏开放大学综合英语（基础）过程性考核作业1

试题列表
单选题
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
1
Passage One
Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following passage.
There are mainly four great traditional cuisines that are viewed as representatives of Chinese culinary（烹饪的）skills.
Shandong
It is all about local, fresh ingredients and the stars are the seafood, including scallops, prawns, clams, sea cucumbers, and squid. Other commonly used ingredients include maize, peanuts, millet, wheat, oat, and a distinct type of vinegar. Quick­fried, stir­fried, stewed and braised items are among the more than thirty cooking techniques of Shandong cuisine.
Guangdong
Authentic Cantonese cuisine is among the most adventurous in China in terms of variety of ingredients as the Cantonese are famous, even among the Chinese, for their extremely wide definition of what is considered edible（可食用的）. Sauces, like hoisin, oyster sauce, sweet and sour sauce are predominant in Cantonese cuisine which produces light, sweet, tender and crisp dishes.
Sichuan
Saying Sichuan cuisine is hot and spicy is an understatement. Mouth­numbing（麻嘴的）and sweat­inducing, one can easily become addicted to the Sichuan peppercorns and dry peppers. Also sweat­inducing but in a different way is the Sichuan (as well as Chongqing) hotpot—perfect for the winter yet beloved by locals in the summer. The uniqueness of its cuisine also resides in its two cooking methods, the dry­braising（焖）and the dry­stewing.
Huaiyang
Considered a sub­regional style of the Jiangsu region, which also claims Shanghai and Hangzhou cuisine as descendants, Huaiyang cuisine is renowned for the delicateness of the dishes as well as the liberal use of sugar. Chefs of Huaiyang cuisine are more concerned with the presentation of the dishes as opposed to the “large plate contains everything” mentality typical of northern Chinese cuisine. Representative dishes include tofu noodles, Beggar’s Chicken, congee, Yangzhou fried rice and braised meatballs. Another standout is the crab soup dumplings.
1．Which is the characteristic of Sichuan cuisine?
A
The most adventurous.
B
Quick­fried fresh seafood.
C
Sweet, using much sugar.
D
Spicy and mouth­numbing.
正确答案：D
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
2
What’s typical of northern Chinese cuisine?
A
Delicate and slightly sweet.
B
The “large pan stir­fries everything”.
C
Using a distinct type of vinegar.
D
Sweat­inducing for resisting cold.
正确答案：B
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
3
Which of the following is typical of one of the four traditional cuisines?
A
Dry peppers; Beggar’s Chicken.
B
Seafood; crisp; sweet and sour.
C
Sea cucumbers; peanuts; wheat.
D
Dry­braising; braised meatballs.
正确答案：C
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
4
Passage Two
Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following passage.
Confucius is one of a handful of individuals who have shaped world history. His fame can be compared to great leaders and emperors, but Confucius neither commanded an army nor ruled a state yet his teachings shaped the soul ofChina. Confucianism，the great system of moral philosophy, or Confucius as he is known in the West, became the basis for personal and government morality in China. For a period of almost 1,500 years, the teachings of Confucius formed the basis of the Chinese state religion. Even today his teachings continue to influence modernChinaand its culture.
Confucius was born in the year 551 B．C. in the state of Lu, in what is now the modern Chinese province of Shandong. At the age of 19, Confucius married and entered into government service for the state of Lu. He also began acquiring a band of disciples who were drawn to his teachings about personal behavior and morality.
In 497 B．C. when Confucius was 54 years old, he was forced to leave the state. He traveled throughoutChina, surrounded by a band of faithful followers, teaching his moral philosophy. He eventually returned to his native state of Lu, where he attempted to influence the ruler.
Confucius died in 479 B.C.. His son and his most promising pupils had died before him and it seemed that his teachings would not take root. But his students had collected many of his sayings in a book which came to be known as The Analects of Confucius, and in time the seeds that Confucius had planted took root and spread throughoutChina. In time, Confucianism became the official state religion ofChina.
4．Which of the following statements can best describe the influence of Confucius?
A
He is one of the greatest leaders in the world history.
B
He is one of the few persons who have influenced the world history greatly.
C
His contributions to the world are only second to those of some great leaders.
D
Confucianism is still the basis of the Chinese state religion.
正确答案：B
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
5
The following facts can reflect the popularity of Confucianism EXCEPT “_____”.
A
Many students studied under Confucius in his early life.
B
Many students followed Confucius when he traveled aroundChina.
C
After Confucius passed away, his students circulated his thoughts.
D
Many kings invited Confucius to help with their rule.
正确答案：D
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
6
It can be inferred from the text that _____.
A
Everybody in ancientChinabelieved in Confucianism
B
Confucius may not have been so successful in his political life
C
Confucius is the most powerful person in shaping the world history
D
Confucianism doesn’t have any effect on Chinese culture any longer
正确答案：B
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
7
The best title of the text is “_____”.
A
The Life Story of Confucius
B
The Influence of Confucius Thoughts
C
The Political Life of Confucius
D
The Ups and Downs in the Life of Confucius
正确答案：A
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
8
Passage Three
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the following passage.
If you followed the 2016 Olympic Games, you may have noticed that several athletes, including US swimmer Michael Phelps, had circular bruises on their bodies. These bruises were the result of “cupping（拔火罐）therapy”, a traditional Chinese medicinal practice that has been around for more than 2,000 years.
Many athletes say that they have benefited from the therapy. Phelps used the therapy in the fall of 2014 and has used it about twice a week since, reported ABC News. Another US swimmer, Dana Vollmer, also believes that “it really helps with blood flow”．
However, some have said that the supposed health effects result from people’s feeling that the treatment works, rather than any physical effect of the treatment. To figure out cupping therapy has any physical effect, last year researchers from Germany carried out a test in which a false treatment was provided.
In the study, the same type of cups was used in the real treatment and the false treatment. But in the false treatment, the cups had a hole at the top so that they couldn’t create the proper suction（吸力）.
The tested patients, who suffered from a disorder that caused a lot of pain, were told that they would receive either traditional cupping or “soft cupping”. But they were not informed that the so­called “soft cupping” was a false treatment.
It turned out that most patients correctly guessed which kind of cupping they had received. In both groups, patients also experienced about the same reductions in pain. “ The results suggest the effects of cupping therapy might come from factors that are not necessarily part of the treatment itself，” the researchers told the Live Science website.
The question of whether cupping therapy works still needs to be answered. “But because the treatment is relatively safe and it could be helpful for some people, the therapy can be used as part of a comprehensive treatment program involving other exercises, nutritional choices and lifestyle changing, ” Dr. Brent Bauer, director of the US Complementary and Integrative Medicine Program at Mayo Clinic, told Live Science.
8．Why is Michael Phelps mentioned in the passage?
A
To give athletes a new way to swim faster.
B
To provide athletes with a new way of treatment.
C
To introduce the topic on cupping therapy.
D
To show swimmers suffer from disorders.
正确答案：C
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
9
The purpose of the test by researchers from Germany was to _____.
A
promote the health effects of cupping therapy
B
see whether cupping therapy has a physical effect
C
compare traditional cupping with soft cupping
D
compare cupping therapy’s effects on different groups of people
正确答案：B
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
10
What can be learned from the passage?
A
Different people need different types of cupping therapy.
B
The real treatment and false treatment almost have the same effects.
C
The results show that cupping therapy is not part of the treatment.
D
Cupping therapy is only effective when used with lifestyle changing.
正确答案：B
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
11
According to Dr. Brent Bauer, cupping therapy _____.
A
is a fast and easy treatment for people to carry out
B
is a newly invented way to cure some diseases
C
needs a long period of time to take effect
D
can be used together with other treatments
正确答案：D
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
12
Passage Four
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the following passage.
The old Chinese saying “as happy as spending the New Year” might be outdated now in the busy modern world. The Spring Festival is regarded as the most important festival for Chinese people and an occasion for all family members to get together, like Christmas in the West. But many traditional customs accompanying the Spring Festival, however, have weakened in practice.
Setting off firecrackers was once the most typical custom of the Spring Festival. People thought the sputtering（爆裂）sound could help drive away evil spirits. However，the activity has been completely or partially forbidden in big cities for years as the government has taken security, noise and pollution factors into consideration.
“In recent years, some cities have begun to allow people to light firecrackers during limited hours at the Spring Festival, surrendering to（屈从于）public demand. Respecting folk traditions is a gesture of respect toward public opinion,” said Zhou Xing, a folklore researcher.
“As people gain more income and it becomes easier to buy daily goods, the New Year holiday is just like any other. After long workdays, many people use the New Year holiday to take a rest, rather than visiting friends and neighbors. The process of making and enjoying the family dinner on Spring Festival Eve is the most important thing. However, many families would like to eat out to save time and energy,” said Li Shunzhi，a resident of Harbin, Heilongjiang.
“I enjoy the holidays very much in the countryside. My family has been preparing for the Spring Festival more than two weeks before the holiday, cleaning the house, buying holiday goods and decorating the house with paper­cuttings. On New Year’s Eve, the whole family stays up to see the New Year in, and in the days to follow, a series of activities such as lion dancing, dragon lantern dancing, lantern festivals and temple fairs will be held. Without the ancient traditions, the holiday is nothing to us,” said Zhang Hui, from Hebei.
12．Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?
A
Setting off fireworks has been forbidden in some big cities for years.
B
Nowadays, people can light fireworks in some cities at the Spring Festival.
C
People believe that the sound of fireworks can drive away evil spirits.
D
In the past, setting off fireworks couldn’t be seen almost anywhere.
正确答案：D
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
13
What Li Shunzhi said implies _____.
A
what people do during the festival now is different from the past
B
people would like to have the family dinner on Spring Festival Eve
C
people prefer to visit friends and neighbors rather than take a rest
D
the New Year holiday is just like any other day
正确答案：A
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
14
What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A
Zhang Hui often spends two weeks preparing for the Spring Festival.
B
Zhang Hui is used to spending the Spring Festival with his family.
C
Zhang Hui always takes part in a series of activities after the Spring Festival.
D
Zhang Hui lives in the urban area.
正确答案：B
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
15
What does the whole passage show?
A
The Spring Festival is as lively as before.
B
The Spring Festival is outdated now.
C
The Spring Festival is losing its qualities.
D
The Spring Festival in China is more important than Christmas in the West.
正确答案：C
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
16
Passage Five
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the following passage.
If it rains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinü, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way.
Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August.
Once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sister-in-law. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for company.
The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth.
One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinü， the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress.
The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and a daughter.
Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinü back.
Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinü had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulang’s misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died.
The magic shoes whisked Niulang off on a chase after the empress.
The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife.
But magpies, moved by their love, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family.
Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinü to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month.
This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC－220AD).
16．Why did Niulang leave home?
A
He wanted to try a new life.
B
He hated his brother and sister-in-law.
C
His sister-in-law treated him badly.
D
His family was too poor.
正确答案：C
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
17
Who has the biggest power in Taoism?
A
Jade Emperor.
B
The empress.
C
Leader of the troop.
D
Magpie.
正确答案：A
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
18
What is the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 8?
A
Bone.
B
Fur.
C
Body.
D
Feet.
正确答案：B
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
19
Passage Six
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the following passage.
As the Chinese Mid­Autumn Festival approaches, mooncakes are turning up all overChina, from traditional teashops to Starbucks counters. The holiday is one of China’s four most important festivals, and in the weeks before the date arrives, top hotels get into the spirit with lavish（奢华） treats in lovely packaging. Traditionally, the cookie­sized round pastry（馅饼）has a rich thick filling usually made from red­bean or lotus­seed paste and covered by a thin crust. It may also contain yolks from salted duck eggs, integrating a beautiful savory tinge into the sugary taste. Fillings and crusts have become more diverse over time, especially in the hands of skilled pastry chefs. The mooncakes in Chinese culture represent homesickness, and the top crust of each moon­shaped pastry is generally imprinted with the Chinese characters for longevity or harmony.
This year, the fancy gift boxes that have long driven the mooncake trade are particularly striking and rich with tradition.
For example, the Fairmont Peace Hotel in Shanghai, built in 1929 and a magnet for Hollywood celebrities in the 1930s, has prepared a selection of mooncake gift boxes with designs inspired by the beauty and elegance of the hotel’s famous art deco style. The simplest box of four pieces (red­bean paste, creamy custard, plain cheese, green­bean paste) is 198 yuan ($29.64), while more lavish selections of five or six pieces, including mooncakes with egg yolk, run up to 338 yuan for a box.
Beijing’s Nuo Hotel, meanwhile, has created Ming Dynasty (1368 － 1644) inspired mooncake gift packs based on the design of porcelain vases in the hotel lobby, with the essence of landscape painting using Zhang Dai’s poetic passages to show the peaceful harmony of man and nature. The box of six is 158 yuan, and includes mooncakes ranging from cheese mango to charcoal burning fragrant Pu’er tea and white lotus with egg yolk. A box of eight cakes of different flavors is 228 yuan.
19．What feeling does the mooncake stand for in our country?
A
Separation.
B
Harmony.
C
Homesick.
D
Happiness.
正确答案：C
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
20
Which place selling mooncakes is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A
Hotels.
B
Teashops.
C
Starbucks.
D
Stations.
正确答案：D
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
21
What do the last two paragraphs mainly tell us about mooncakes?
A
The high price.
B
The various shapes.
C
The rich fillings.
D
The fancy boxes.
正确答案：D
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
22
What kind of mooncakes is NOT made by Beijing’s Nuo Hotel?
A
Charcoal burning fragrant Pu’er tea.
B
Cheese mango.
C
White lotus with egg yolk.
D
Green­bean paste.
正确答案：D
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
23
Passage Seven
Questions 23 to 26 are based on the following passage.
Tang Dynasty poets sang for about three centuries in different tones. There were many famous poets living in the Tang period, such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi and Li Shangyin. The Poems of Tang Dynasty edited in the Qing Dynasty is a collection of more than 48,900 poems that were written by over 2,200 poets. But it didn’t cover all the poems of the Tang Dynasty.
During the Tang Dynasty, poems were recited when lovers walked under the moonlight. Poems were also recited when soldiers fought on the battlefield. People recited them in the open air or at temple fairs.
Tang Dynasty poets wrote poems to win fame and also to develop their temperament（性情）. They poured out deep feelings for their friends and criticized injustice in the world through poems.
In the Tang Dynasty scholars had to be poets. Their readers were not only people of high social position but also common people. Poets recited poems, women singers sang poems and other ranks of people, including old women and children, read Tang poems. This atmosphere affected foreigners who visited the country at that time. As a result, Tang poetry was introduced to some adjacent countries, like Japan and Vietnam.
Tang poetry is a most brilliant page in the history of ancient Chinese literature. It’s a miracle（奇迹）in the cultural history of mankind. The Tang Dynasty was a powerful empire with a vast territory. It inherited（继承）Chinese civilization that went back to ancient times, was combined with the best of other cultures and adopted the benefits of other nations in the world. Tang poetry wasn’t the only spiritual wealth created by the Tang Dynasty people. Philosophy and religion, handwriting and painting, and music and dance all gained new peaks of development. Tang poetry, however, was the jewel in the crown and its greatest achievement.
23．We can conclude from the passage that _____.
A
only people in the Tang Dynasty created poems
B
in total there were four famous poets in the Tang Dynasty
C
the Tang Dynasty probably existed for about three centuries
D
in the Tang Dynasty most common people were poets
正确答案：C
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
24
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A
Why the poets created poems.
B
Some other kinds of spiritual wealth in the Tang Dynasty.
C
The significance and influence of the Tang Dynasty.
D
The editors of The Poems of Tang Dynasty.
正确答案：D
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
25
The underlined word “adjacent” in Paragraph 4 probably means “_____”.
A
strong
B
neighboring
C
poor
D
rich
正确答案：B
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
26
What’s the best title for the passage?
A
The Great Tang Dynasty
B
Tang Dynasty Poetry
C
Famous Poets in the Tang Dynasty
D
The Development of the Tang Dynasty
正确答案：B
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
27
Passage Eight
Questions 27 to 26 are based on the following passage.
Peking Opera is being introduced to primary and middle school students in an effort to promote the traditional art to the younger generation.
The country’s first set of textbooks about Peking Opera was compiled and published by the Beijing Association of Promoting Quintessence of Chinese Culture and People’s Education Press in 2015.
The textbooks for optional courses have been put on trial use in middle schools in Fengtai district and will be used in middle schools across the city. The textbooks for primary schools will also be rolled out.
Since 2008, Beijing has promoted a program to provide opera training at dozens of primary schools. Schools apply for funds from the city’s education department to hire professional actors and actresses to work with students as young as 6 or 7.
Peking Opera arose during the rule of Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1644 － 1911). It flourished for decades inChinaand as its fame spread, it drew audiences in other countries, including theUnited StatesandJapan.
Yet over the years, its popularity diminished. While a significant number of people listened to radio productions of Peking Opera before the 1980s, generations born after that pursued pop culture over the traditional arts.
27．What is the purpose of introducing Peking Opera to primary and middle school students?
A
To make their horizons broader.
B
To increase their knowledge.
C
To find their interest.
D
To make Peking Opera inherited.
正确答案：D
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
28
What is the meaning of the underlined words in Paragraph 3?
A
sold out
B
printed out
C
released
D
delivered
正确答案：C
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
29
What can be inferred from the passage?
A
The introduction process can’t be completed very soon.
B
Since 2008, dozens of primary schools have started to provide opera training.
C
Peking Opera dates from Emperor Qianlong.
D
Peking Opera was popular with audiences from theUnited StatesandJapan.
正确答案：A
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
30
What’s the attitude of generations born after the 1980s towards Peking Opera?
A
Like.
B
Dislike.
C
Hate.
D
Don’t care.
正确答案：B
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
31
Passage Nine
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracted（抽取）. The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers（地下蓄水层）below this depth and found that reserves may be triple what was previously thought.
It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction, but only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep is the gradual setting down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the earth above.
Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than desalinating（脱盐）the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.
One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers. This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost. Research from the exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been published. New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.
31. How could California’s drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?
A
By building more reserves of groundwater.
B
By drawing water from the depths of the earth.
C
By developing more advanced drilling devices.
D
By upgrading its water distribution system.
正确答案：B
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
32
What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?
A
It was deemed vital to solving the water problem.
B
It was not considered worth the expense.
C
It may not provide quality freshwater.
D
It is bound to gain support from the local people.
正确答案：B
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
33
What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground?
A
The sinking of land surface.
B
The harm to the ecosystem.
C
The damage to aquifers.
D
The change of the climate.
正确答案：A
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
34
What does the author say about deep wells?
A
They run without any need for repairs.
B
They are entirely free from pollutants.
C
They are the ultimate solution to droughts.
D
They provide a steady supply of freshwater.
正确答案：D
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
35
What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?
A
People’s health may improve with cleaner water.
B
People’s water bills may be lowered considerably.
C
The cost may go up due to desalination.
D
They may be exhausted sooner or later.
正确答案：C
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
36
Passage Ten
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
The AlphaGo programs victory is an example of how smart computers have become.
But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they be honest and fair?
One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it is not too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically. As driverless cars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do. Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put their passengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog? What if the only risk is damage to the car itself, not to the passengers?
Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.
About the same time as AlphaGo’s triumph, Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ took a bad turn. The software, named Taylor, was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.
AlphaGo’s victory and Taylor’s defeat happened at about the same time. This should be a warning to us. It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. The unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem.
Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which owns AlphaGo. He thinks AI will be positive for humans. He said people will be the winner, whatever the outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, more able and “just better human beings.”
36. What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo’s victory?
A
Computers will prevail over human beings.
B
Computers have unmatched potential.
C
Computers are man’s potential rivals.
D
Computers can become highly intelligent.
正确答案：D
37
What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?
A
They are capable of predicting possible risks.
B
They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.
C
They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.
D
They sacrifice everything to save human lives.
正确答案：C
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
38
What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?
A
How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.
B
How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.
C
How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans.
D
How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines.
正确答案：B
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
39
What do we learn about Microsoft’s “chatbot” Taylor?
A
She could not distinguish good from bad.
B
She could turn herself off when necessary.
C
She was not made to handle novel situations.
D
She was good at performing routine tasks.
正确答案：A
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
40
What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?
A
It will be far superior to human beings.
B
It will keep improving as time goes by.
C
It will prove to be an asset to human beings.
D
It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.
正确答案：C
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
41
Passage Eleven
Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Roughly the size of a soda can, sitting on a bookshelf, a relatively harmless gadget may be turning friends away from your home. The elephant in your living room is your Internet-connected security camera, a device people are increasingly using for peace of mind in their homes. But few stop to think about the effect these devices may have on house guests. Should you tell your friends, for instance, that they’re being recorded while you all watch the big game together?
“It’s certainly new territory, especially as home security cameras become easier to install, “says Lizzie Post, president of the Emily Post Institute, America’s foremost manners advisors.” I think it will be very interesting to see what etiquette（礼仪）emerges in terms of whether you tell people you have a camera or not, and whether guests have a right to ask that it be turned off, if it’s not a security issue.”
Post wants to make clear that she’s not talking about legal rights, but rather personal preferences. She also wants to explain that there are no right or wrong answers regarding manners on this front yet, because the technology is just now becoming mainstream. Besides, the Emily Post Institute doesn’t dictate manners.
When it comes to security cameras, Post says it’s a host’s responsibility to make sure guests feel comfortable within their home. “I’m always a fan of being open and honest.” For instance, if the host casually acknowledges that there is a camera in the room by telling a story about it, which may be enough to provide an opening for a guest to say if they are uncomfortable.
However, if a contractor is working in your home, you don’t need to tell them that there are cameras watching. Then again, the air of accountability that the camera generates can also work in contractors’ favor. “If anything does go wrong while they’re in the house, they don’t want to be blamed for it,” she says. “In fact, the camera could be the thing that proves that they didn’t steal the $20, or knock the vase off the table.”
41．For what reason may your friends feel reluctant to visit your home?
A
The security camera installed may intrude into their privacy.
B
They don’t want their photos to be circulated on the Internet.
C
The security camera may turn out to be harmful to their health.
D
They may not be willing to interact with your family members.
正确答案：A
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
42
What does Lizzie Post say is new territory?
A
The effect of manners advice on the public.
B
Cost of applying new technologies at home.
C
The increasing use of home security devices.
D
Etiquette around home security cameras.
正确答案：D
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
43
What is Lizzie Post mainly discussing with regard to the use of home security cameras?
A
Legal rights.
B
Moral issues.
C
Likes and dislikes of individuals.
D
The possible impact on manners.
正确答案：C
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
44
What is a host’s responsibility regarding security cameras, according to Lizzie Post?
A
Making their guests feel at ease.
B
Indicating where they are.
C
Turning them off in time.
D
Ensuring their guests’ privacy.
正确答案：A
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
45
In what way can the home security camera benefit visitors to your home?
A
It can satisfy their curiosity.
B
It can prove their innocence.
C
It can help them learn new technology.
D
It can make their visit more enjoyable.
正确答案：B
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
46
Passage Twelve
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
PepsiCo is to spend billions of dollars to develop drinks and snacks and reformulate existing ones with lower sugar, salt and fat, as consumers demand healthier options and regulatory pressure intensifies amid an obesity epidemic（流行病）.
The maker of Mountain Dew and Gatorade has been one of the earlier movers in the industry to offer products with reduced levels of unhealthy ingredients-PepsiCo claims a packet of its chips now contains less salt than a slice of white bread. However, its new 10-year plan makes clear it believes it still has a long way to go.
Shifting eating habits, including a sharp drop in consumption of sparkling drinks, have forced radical change on the industry. But those shifts have yet to be reflected in record obesity levels, which stand at 36.5%overall in the US.
Indra Nooyi, PepsiCo chairman, said the plan to make its products healthier was important for the company’s growth. But on the subject of obesity, she pointed out that consumers’ lifestyles have changed significantly, with many people being more sedentary（久坐不动的）not least because more time is spent in front of computers. She said PepsiCo’s contribution was to produce healthier snacks that still tasted good.
“Society has to change its habits,” she added. “We can’t do much to alter sedentary lifestyles, but we can provide consumers with great-tasting products, low in salt, sugar and fat. In the past we had to have a taste trade-off. But we’re breaking that trade-off.”
PepsiCo’s plan for its foods and drinks is based on guidelines from the World Health Organisation, which last week backed using taxes on sparkling drinks to reduce sugar consumption. Initiatives also include efforts to reduce its environmental impact, water consumption and materials used in packaging by 2025.
PepsiCo did not say exactly how much it planned to invest to reach its goals. However, Dr Mehmood Khan, chief scientific officer, said the company had doubled research and development spending in the past five years and was “committed to sustaining investment”, adding that companies cannot cost-cut their way to increasing sales. PepsiCo’s research and development budget in 2015 was $754 million.
46．Why is PepsiCo making a policy change?
A
To win support from the federal government.
B
To be more competitive in the global market.
C
To satisfy the growing needs for healthy foods.
D
To invest more wisely in the soft drink industry.
正确答案：C
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
47
What does PepsiCo think it will have to do in the future?
A
Invest more to develop new snacks.
B
Reduce levels of obesity in the US.
C
Change consumers’ eating habits.
D
Keep on improving its products.
正确答案：D
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
48
Why does PepsiCo plan to alter its products, according to Indra Nooyi?
A
To ensure the company’s future development.
B
To adapt to its customers’ changed taste.
C
To help improve its consumers’ lifestyles.
D
To break the trade-off in its product design.
正确答案：A
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
49
What does Indra Nooyi say about the obesity epidemic?
A
It is mainly caused by overconsumption of snacks.
B
It results from high sugar and salt consumption.
C
It is attributable to people’s changed lifestyles.
D
It has a lot to do with longer working hours.
正确答案：C
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单得分：2
50
What has PepsiCo been doing to achieve its objective?
A
Studying WHO’s guidelines.
B
Increasing its research funding.
C
Expanding its market overseas.
D
Cutting its production costs.
正确答案：B

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