在线网课学习课堂《科技英语交流(北京理大)》单元测试考核答案

注：不含主观题
Lecture 1 Features of Scientific Writing
Lecture 2 How to write a title
Lecture 3 How to Write Abstracts
Lecture 4 How to write Introduction
Lecture 5 How to Write Methods
Lecture 6 How to Write Results
Lecture 7 How to Write Discussion
Lecture 8 How to Write Conclusion
Lecture 9 Presentation Skills
Lecture 10 Academic Conference
Lecture 11 How to Design Scientific Posters
Lecture 12 Question and Answer Sessions
第1题
判断题
(1分) Scientific writing is to report a new finding.
第2题
判断题
(1分) Clarity in scientific writing is not important.
第3题
判断题
(1分) IMRAD is a logic organization in scientific writing.
第4题
判断题
(1分) The logic of IMRAD can be defined in three questions.
第5题
判断题
(1分) The contribution in scientific writing might be a new method or a new finding.
第6题
判断题
(1分) Cohesion is a macro organization in scientific writing.
第7题
判断题
(1分) Cohesion can be constructed by linking devices.
第8题
判断题
(1分) Linking devices are helpful in scientific writing.
第9题
单选题
(1分) Choose the incorrect one from the underlined words in the following sentence. The recent observation of the reverse Hall-Petch relation in nanocrystalline ceramics offers a possible pathway to achieve enhanced ductility for traditional brittle ceramics via the nanosize effect, just as nanocrystalline metals and alloys. In addition, the underlying deformation mechanisms of nanocrystalline ceramics have not been well established.  A for B via C just asD In addition
第10题
单选题
(1分) Choose the incorrect one from the underlined words in the following sentence. The main results (Fig. 1 and 2) presented by the authors are difficult to follow. For example, how results in Fig. 1 are different compared to Fig. 2 except that the units of effect size are different. Second, if authors have information on species richness differences among studies, why not use those differences as a covariate moderate to explain the variation in effect size which is shown in Fig. 1.  A For exampleB thatC SecondD which
第11题
单选题
(1分) Choose the incorrect one from the underlined words in the following sentence. In addition, the Hall-Petch relationship breaks down in metal alloys when grain size is reduced below a critical value, where the strength and hardness decrease with grain sizes. This is due to the activation of dislocations requires a higher stress than that of other deformation mechanisms such as GB sliding, GB diffusion, and GB rotation. A In additionB This C due toD than
第12题
单选题
(1分) Choose the incorrect one from the underlined words in the following sentence. Even if thousands of users choose their own picture of the Eiffel Tower as their password object, ObPwd will generate unique strong passwords as they do not share identical photo objects.  A EvenB ifC asD as
第13题
单选题
(1分) Choose the incorrect one from the underlined words in the following sentence. Participants had the option of recording password information, including hints; they were asked that they recorded such information and whether or not they used this on logins.  A thatB andC whetherD or not
2. Exercises
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第1题
单选题
(1分) Tick the type of the citation system in the text……. additive manufacturing (AM) is based on an incremental layer-by layer manufacturing [1]. As such, most relevant AM technologies commonly use powder or wire as a feedstock which is selectively melted by a focused heat source and consolidated in subsequent cooling to form a part [2,3]. AM has attracted much attention over the past ten years due to its immanent advantages, such as unrivalled design freedom and short lead times [4].  Herzog, et. al. 2016: 371. A Alphabet-Number SystemB Name and Year SystemC Citation Order System
第2题
单选题
(1分) Tick the type of the citation system in the text.Still, the use of gain-scheduling control applied to lighter-than-air aircrafts is scarcely mentioned in the scientifific literature (Masár & Stöhr, 2008; Moutinho & Azinheira, 2008; do Valle, Menegaldo, & Simoes, 2015; Yang & Yan, 2015). Moutinho, et al. 2016: 23 A Alphabet-Number SystemB Name and Year SystemC Citation Order System
第3题
单选题
(1分) Tick the type of the citation system in the text.In this paper the Dryden model as described by Donald McLean (1990, pp. 130–134) is used.  Moutinho, et al. 2016: 26. A Alphabet-Number SystemB Name and Year SystemC Citation Order System
第4题
单选题
(1分) Tick the type of the citation system in the text.People consistently choose “weak” passwords [7] for many reasons, including users trying to manage on average 25 password-protected accounts [8]. Losing strategies include blaming users, and imposing complex password rules. Some claim that choosing weak passwords (despite repeated advice otherwise) is a rational economic response [12]. Biddle et al., 2011:970. A Alphabet-Number SystemB Name and Year SystemC Citation Order System
第5题
单选题
(1分) Tick the type of the system for the following References.[1]  C. Emmelmann, J. Kranz, D. Herzog, E. Wycisk, Laser additive manufacturing of metals, in: V. Schmidt, M.R. Belegratis (Eds.), Laser Technology in Biomimetics, Springer, Heidelberg, 2013, pp. p143-161. [2]  B.E. Carroll, T.A. Palmer, A.M. Besse, Anisotropic tensile behavior of Ti-6Al-4V components fabricated with directed energy deposition additive manufacturing, Acta Mater. 87 (2015) 309-320.[3]  E. Brandl, F. Palm, V. Michailov, B. Viehweger, C. Leyens, Mechanical properties of additive manufactured titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) blocks deposited by a solid-state laser and wire, Mater. Des. 32 (2011) 4665-4675. A Alphabet-Number SystemB Name and Year SystemC Citation Order System
第6题
单选题
(1分) Tick the type of the system for the following References.[1] R. Biddle, S. Chiasson, and P. van Oorschot, “Graphical passwords: Learning from the fifirst twelve years,” ACM Computing Surveys, to be published. [2] W. E. Burr, D. F. Dodson, and W. T. Polk, Electronic authentication guidelines NIST Special Publication 800-63, Apr. 2006 [Online]. Available: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-63/SP800-63V1_0_2.pdf  [3] S. Chiasson, A. Forget, E. Stobert, P. van Oorschot, and R. Biddle, “Multiple password interference in text and click-based graphical passwords,” in Proc. ACM Computer and Communications Security (CCS’09), Chicago, IL, Nov. 2009. [4] S. Chiasson, P. van Oorschot, and R. Biddle, “A usability study and critique of two password managers,” in Proc. USENIX Security Symp., Vancouver, Canada, Aug. 2006. [5] D. Davis, F. Monrose, and M. K. Reiter, “On user choice in graphical password schemes,” in Proc. USENIX Security Symp., San Diego, CA, Aug. 2004. A Alphabet-Number SystemB Name and Year SystemC Citation Order System
第7题
单选题
(1分) Tick the type of the system for the following ReferencesRugh, W. J., & Shamma, J. S. (2000). Research on gain scheduling. Automatica, 36, 1401–1425.Skuza, J. R., Park, Y., & Kim, H. J. et al. (2014). Feasibility study of cargo airship transportation systems powered by new green energy technologies. Technical report. NASA Center for AeroSpace Information, NASA STI Program.Stevens, B. L., & Lewis, F. L. (1992). Aircraft control and simulation. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Thomasson, P. G. (2000). Equations of motion of a vehicle in a moving flfluid. Journal of Aircraft, 37(July (4)), 630–639. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.2645.Yang, Y., & Yan, Y. (2015). Neural network gain-scheduling sliding mode control for three-dimensional trajectory tracking of robotic airships. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering, 229(6), 529–540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651815570353. A Alphabet-Number SystemB Name and Year SystemC Citation Order System
第8题
单选题
(1分) Choose the incorrect one from the underlined words in the following sentence. It has been expected that almost any gels could be converted into their corresponding aerogels. A has been expectedB that C any gelsD converted into
第9题
单选题
(1分) Choose the incorrect one from the underlined words in the following sentence.However, CDs were not successively arranged on the PEG chain but formed separate PPR domains due to the long PEG chain, because when the number of CD reach to 12, it tends to form PPR aggregates and induce phase separation. A wereB butC reach toD it
第10题
单选题
(1分) Choose the incorrect one from the underlined words in the following sentence.Thus, separation of ionic bioactive compounds can be achieved on a column packed with silica grafted with these copolymers by adjusting the column temperature rather than changing the composition of the mobile phase. A separationB can be achievedC a column D grafted
第11题
单选题
(1分) Choose the incorrect one from the underlined words in the following sentence. Therefore, the charge density of the SID-10 surface was higher as compared to that of the SID-5 surface. A ThereforeB wasC as compared to D that
第12题
单选题
(1分) Choose the incorrect one from the underlined words in the following sentence. However, the presentation of the data are insufficient whereby only relations between plant diversity and biomass are shown, while the impacts of these relationships are not assessed or discussed. A the presentationB areC whereby D or
第13题
单选题
(1分) Choose the incorrect one from the underlined words in the following sentence.This time when it is taken is cumulative: it includes time taken for any failed attempts, until the point when a successful login occurs.  A when it is takenB takenC failed D until
第14题
单选题
(1分) Choose the incorrect one from the underlined words in the following sentence. Participants identified the type of file they chose for each password (e.g., music file, document). These file types were aggregated into categories, as they were listed in Table IV. A the type of fileB for C were aggregatedD as they were listed
第15题
单选题
(1分) Choose the incorrect one from the underlined words in the following sentence.Participants were asked using a different password object file for each website (as commonly advised), although this was not enforced. A usingB forC (as commonly advised)D this
Lecture 2 Excecises
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第1题
判断题
(1分) A title can be described as the “abstract of an abstract”.
第2题
判断题
(1分) Mostly, a well-written title could either be long or short, depending on the contents.
第3题
判断题
(1分) A title can be inconsistent with the contents of the research, if the author has no such intention.
第4题
判断题
(1分) An interesting title may draw attentions among those who are interested in the similar research topic.
第5题
判断题
(1分) A good title can do nothing in the process of paper retrieval.
第6题
判断题
(1分) BAD is an abbreviation for the words of brevity, accuracy and dependence.
第7题
判断题
(1分) From BAD principles, if a title is general and common, it is possibly not dependent.
第8题
单选题
(1分) What can’t we do with a title? A To interest other expertsB To generalize the paperC To help search the informationD To disguise the result
第9题
单选题
(1分) If a title is redundant, in most cases, ___________________. A it contains some unnecessary articles.B all the descriptive words should be deleted.C some nouns with the meaning of “research” should be deleted.D there are more words.
第10题
单选题
(1分) If a title brings misunderstanding to readers, the impossible reason is___________.  A wrong word orderB syntaxC accuracyD unspecific
第11题
多选题
(2分) What principle(s) does the title“The applications and design methods of acoustic metamaterials about passive desity and modulus” violate? (2 answers are suggested) A brevityB accuracyC distinctivenessD correctness
正确答案： CA
第12题
单选题
(1分) Choose the incorrect one from the underlined words in the following sentence. Hyperspectral Imaging System with LCTF for Plant Disease Diagnosis A Imaging B LCTFC forD Diagnosis
第13题
单选题
(1分) Choose the incorrect one from the underlined words in the following sentence.  Baogan Yihao Reduces Liver Fibrosis in Rats Induced by CC14 and High-Fat Feeding A ReducesB in Rats InducedC CC14D Feeding
第14题
单选题
(1分) Choose the incorrect one from the underlined words in the following sentence. Dissipativity Approach of Safety Vertification for Interconnected Systems A Approach B ofC VertificationD for
第15题
单选题
(1分) Choose the incorrect one from the underlined words in the following sentence. Facilitative Activation with Morphological Families on English Compound Word Recognition A withB FamiliesC  onD Word Recognition
2. Exercises
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第1题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. According to Swales and Feak (2009), research article abstracts first came into being in medical research articles in the 1960s.
第2题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. Now, most research articles are structured as AIMRAD, namely Abstract, Introduction, (Materials and) Methods, Results and Discussion.
第3题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. Abstracts are always written as the summary of each of the main sections of the paper.
第4题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. According to Instructions for authors, there are disciplinary differences and journal-specific requirements in writing abstracts.
第5题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. The BPMRC/D abstract refers to an abstract that has five sections: Background, Introduction, (Materials and) Methods, Results and Discussion.
第6题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. Structured abstracts are usually written with bulleted headings such as Purpose, Methodology, Findings and Originality.
第7题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. The Result-driven abstract only emphasizes the results of the research.
第8题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. Compared with the BPMRC/D abstract, the IMRD abstract does not have the research background, but has the other four sections: Research purpose, (Materials and) Methods, Results and Discussion.
第9题
单选题
(1分)  What type of abstracts does the following abstract belong to? Identifying new product opportunities must be a prerequisite for a firm’s sustainable growth since it can help create new market segments. In this regard, a number of studies have attempted to suggest systematic methods to discover new technological opportunities. However, from these methods, it is difficult to figure out which products can come into the market as a result of the technological opportunities. Moreover, they have tried to measure generic potential values without considering a specific target firm so it is hard to judge whether the discovered opportunities are technically feasible to the target firm. These problems tend to reduce the practicality of the discovered technological opportunities. Therefore, this paper proposes a systematic approach to identify potential product opportunities by reflecting the target firm’s internal capabilities. The capabilities are inherently unobservable so we need to figure out substitutes for the firm’s capabilities. The existing products belonging to a firm can be generally a basis for developing new products. The firm is already good at dealing with the existing products so we consider the firm’s existing product portfolios its internal capabilities. We first extract product information from patent database using text mining technique, and then generate product connection rules represented as directed pairs of products. Finally, we evaluate potential value of product opportunities taking into account a firm’s internal capabilities. An empirical study is conducted to show the applicability of the presented approach using patents granted in the United States Patent and Trademark Office during 2009 and 2013.We expect that our approach can facilitate product-oriented R&D by presenting a front-end model for new product development and deriving feasible product opportunities according to the target firm’s internal capabilities. Moreover, the presented systematic approach can be a basis for an R&D planning system that can help R&D planners in performing product-oriented technology planning activities.Reference: Wonchul Seo , Janghyeok Yoon , Hyunseok Park, Byoung-youl Coh , Jae-Min Lee, Oh-Jin Kwond.  Product opportunity identification based on internal capabilities using text mining and association rule mining  Technological Forecasting & Social Change [J]. 105 (2016) 94–104. A The BPMRC/D model  B The IMRC/D model  C The result-driven abstractD The structured abstract
第10题
单选题
(1分) What type of abstracts does the following abstract belong to? This paper presents a consensus-based robust cooperative control framework for a wide class of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems, namely Negative-Imaginary (NI) systems. Output feedback, dynamic, Strictly Negative-Imaginary (SNI) controllers are applied in positive feedback to heterogeneous multiinput–multi-output (MIMO) plants through the network topology to achieve robust output feedback consensus. Robustness to external disturbances and model uncertainty is guaranteed via NI system theory. Cooperative tracking control of networked NI systems is presented as a corollary of the derived results by adapting the proposed consensus algorithm. Numerical examples are also given to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed robust cooperative control framework. (Wang et al. 2015:64) Reference: Jianan Wang, Alexander Lanzon, Ian R. Petersen Robust cooperative control of multiple heterogeneous Negative-Imaginary systems Automatica  61 (2015) 64–72. A The BPMRC/D model B The IMRC/D modelC The result-driven abstractD The structured abstract
第11题
单选题
(1分) What type of abstracts does the following abstract belong to?
We introduce a new language representation model called BERT, which stands for Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers. Unlike recent language representation models (Peters et al., 2018; Radford et al., 2018), BERT is designed to pre-train deep bidirectional representations by jointly conditioning on both left and right context in all layers. As a result, the pre-trained BERT representations can be fine-tuned with just one additional output layer to create state-of-the art models for a wide range of tasks, such as question answering and language inference, without substantial task-specific architecture modifications.BERT is conceptually simple and empirically powerful. It obtains new state-of-the-art results on eleven natural language processing tasks, including pushing the GLUE benchmark to 80.4% (7.6% absolute improvement), MultiNLI accuracy to 86.7% (5.6% absolute improvement) and the SQuAD v1.1 question answering Test F1 to 93.2 (1.5 absolute improvement), outperforming human performance by 2.0. (Ming et al. 2018)Reference:  Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, Kristina Toutanova: BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding. NAACL-HLT (1) 2019: 4171-4186. A The BPMRC/D modelB The IMRC/D model  C The result-driven abstractD The structured abstract
第12题
单选题
(1分) What type of abstracts does the following abstract belong to?  Purpose – The aim of this paper was to examine the incremental validity of positive psychological capital (PsyCap) in predicting several important employee outcomes while controlling for a full range of personality traits.Design/methodology/approach – Using a cross-sectional field study design, the authors collected data from 373 employees in South Korea. Findings – Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that employees’ PsyCap is related to their perceived performance, turnover intention, work happiness, and subjective well-being, even after controlling for the Big Five personality traits.Research limitations/implications – By controlling for the Big Five traits, this study was able to evaluate the role of PsyCap more precisely. However, as the data were collected from the same source at one point in time, common method variance is a potential issue. Practical implications – The findings suggest that managers need to focus on developing employees’ PsyCap, given its unique effect on the outcome variables.Social implications – By developing employees’ PsyCap, organizations could turn work into a significant source of happiness and life satisfaction for their employees.Originality/value – This study identified the broad and unique effect of PsyCap on work and life outcomes beyond personality traits.Keywords Performance, Turnover intention, Big Five traits, Psychological capital, Subjective well-being, Work happinessPaper type Research paperReference: Yongduk Choi and Dongseop Lee. Psychological capital, Big Five traits, and employee outcomes. www.emeraldinsight.com/0268-3946.htm. A The BPMRC/D model B The IMRC/D model C The result-driven abstractD The structured abstract
3. Exercises

第1题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. Just as there are disciplinary differences and journal-specific requirements in the basic components of abstracts, there are also differences in the linguistic features of abstracts (tenses, voices and statement styles).
第2题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. The employment of the present tense, the active voice and the personal style such as “we + verbs” or the present/past tense, the passive voice and the impersonal style is just the writing style of the author(s).
第3题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. The present tense, the active voice and the personal style are employed to describe the research objectively and scientifically.
第4题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. The employment of the present/past tense, the passive voice and the impersonal style aim to highlight the authors’ contribution.
第5题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. The main difference between the present tense and the past tense is that the present tense is used to introduce established knowledge or truth while the past tense is normally used to refer to one’s own work.
第6题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. According to Graetz (1985), in the past, the abstract is characterized by the use of past tense, third person, passive, and the non-use of negatives.
第7题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. According to Hyland (2008), now academic writing has gradually lost its traditional tag as an objective, faceless and impersonal form of discourse and come to beseen as a persuasive endeavour involving interaction between the writer and the readers.
第8题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. According to Swales (1990), front matter (the foregrounding of results, the use of the present tense in the active form and the apparent manipulation of the basic IMRC/D structure) is being included in journal abstracts at the expense of their summarizing content.
第9题
单选题
(1分) Abstract 1 Identifying new product opportunities must be a prerequisite for a firm’s sustainable growth since it can help create new market segments. In this regard, a number of studies have attempted to suggest systematic methods to discover new technological opportunities. However, from these methods, it is difficult to figure out which products can come into the market as a result of the technological opportunities. Moreover, they have tried to measure generic potential values without considering a specific target firm so it is hard to judge whether the discovered opportunities are technically feasible to the target firm. These problems tend to reduce the practicality of the discovered technological opportunities. Therefore, this paper proposes a systematic approach to identify potential product opportunities by reflecting the target firm’s internal capabilities. The capabilities are inherently unobservable so we need to figure out substitutes for the firm’s capabilities. The existing products belonging to a firm can be generally a basis for developing new products. The firm is already good at dealing with the existing products so we consider the firm’s existing product portfolios its internal capabilities. We first extract product information from patent database using text mining technique, and then generate product connection rules represented as directed pairs of products. Finally, we evaluate potential value of product opportunities taking into account a firm’s internal capabilities. An empirical study is conducted to show the applicability of the presented approach using patents granted in the United States Patent and Trademark Office during 2009 and 2013.We expect that our approach can facilitate product-oriented R&D by presenting a front-end model for new product development and deriving feasible product opportunities according to the target firm’s internal capabilities. Moreover, the presented systematic approach can be a basis for an R&D planning system that can help R&D planners in performing product-oriented technology planning activities.Reference: Wonchul Seo , Janghyeok Yoon , Hyunseok Park, Byoung-youl Coh , Jae-Min Lee, Oh-Jin Kwond.  Product opportunity identification based on internal capabilities using text mining and association rule mining  Technological Forecasting & Social Change [J]. 105 (2016) 94–104.Analyze the linguistic features of the above abstract, identify the tenses, voices and statement styles and decide which one of the following underlined parts is not correct. The linguistic features of abstract 1 is mainly the present tense, the active voice, and the impersonal style which can be illustrated by “we need to…” in sentence 7, “we consider…” in sentence 9 and “we first extract…and then generate…” in sentence 10 and “we evaluate…” in sentence 11 and “we expect…” in sentence 13 aiming mainly to highlight the authors’ contribution. A the present tenseB  the active voiceC  the impersonal styleD to highlight the authors’ contribution
第10题
单选题
(1分) Abstract 2This paper presents a consensus-based robust cooperative control framework for a wide class of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems, namely Negative-Imaginary (NI) systems. Output feedback, dynamic, Strictly Negative-Imaginary (SNI) controllers are applied in positive feedback to heterogeneous multiinput–multi-output (MIMO) plants through the network topology to achieve robust output feedback consensus. Robustness to external disturbances and model uncertainty is guaranteed via NI system theory. Cooperative tracking control of networked NI systems is presented as a corollary of the derived results by adapting the proposed consensus algorithm. Numerical examples are also given to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed robust cooperative control framework. (Wang et al. 2015:64)Reference: Jianan Wang, Alexander Lanzon, Ian R. Petersen Robust cooperative control of multiple heterogeneous Negative-Imaginary systems Automatica  61 (2015) 64–72.Analyze the linguistic features of the above abstract, identify the tenses, voices and statement styles and decide which one of the following underlined parts is not correct. The linguistic features of abstract 2 are mainly the present tense, the active voice, and the impersonal style which can be illustrated by “This paper presents…” in sentence 1, “…are applied…” in sentence 2, “…is guaranteed…” in sentence 3, “…is presented…” in sentence 4 and “…are also given…” in sentence 5 aiming mainly to describe the research objectively. A the present tenseB the active voiceC the impersonal style D to describe the research objectively.
4. Exercises
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第1题
单选题
(1分) Abstract 3We introduce a new language representation model called BERT, which stands for Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers. Unlike recent language representation models (Peters et al., 2018; Radford et al., 2018), BERT is designed to pre-train deep bidirectional representations by jointly conditioning on both left and right context in all layers. As a result, the pre-trained BERT representations can be fine-tuned with just one additional output layer to create state-of-the art models for a wide range of tasks, such as question answering and language inference, without substantial task-specific architecture modifications.BERT is conceptually simple and empirically powerful. It obtains new state-of-the-art results on eleven natural language processing tasks, including pushing the GLUE benchmark to 80.4% (7.6% absolute improvement), MultiNLI accuracy to 86.7% (5.6% absolute improvement) and the SQuAD v1.1 question answering Test F1 to 93.2 (1.5 absolute improvement), outperforming human performance by 2.0. (Ming et al. 2018)Reference:  Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, Kristina Toutanova: BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding. NAACL-HLT (1) 2019: 4171-4186.Identify the different strategies that are used in abstract 3. A The discoursal strategyB The syntactical strategyC The lexical strategyD All the above three strategies
第2题
判断题
(1分) In terms of the discoursal strategy, abstract 3 employs discoursal strategy 1 “Compress or delete unnecessary sections to foreground the results if applicable” as it mainly focuses on the new findings in the research.
第3题
判断题
(1分) In terms of the syntactical strategy, S1 of abstract 3 emphasizes the research findings immediately by using “we introduce a new language representation model” which uses the first-person pronoun to claim the authors’ contribution. Moreover except sentence 1, all the other four sentences use the new language representation model BERT as the subject to highlight the research findings.
第4题
判断题
(1分) In terms of the lexical strategy, promotional words and phrases such as“new” in sentence 1, “unlike…BERT is designed to…” in sentence 2, “be fine-tuned with just one additional output layer to create state-of-the art models” and “without substantial task-specific architecture modifications” in sentence 3, “conceptually simple and empirically powerful” in sentence 4, and “new state-of-the-art results”, “absolute improvement” and “outperforming” in sentence 5 are used respectively in abstract 3.
1. Exercises
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第1题
判断题
(1分) Read each of the following statement carefully and then decide whether it is true or false. The Introduction moves from the specific question being investigated to general discussion of the topic.
第2题
判断题
(1分) Read each of the following statements carefully and then decide whether it is true or false. The Introduction usually begins with general background information to help the reader understand the present study.
第3题
判断题
(1分) Read each of the following statements carefully and then decide whether it is true or false. Many of things you need to do in the Introduction are done in the Discussion/Conclusion in reverse order.
2. Exercise
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第1题
单选题
(1分) Most research articles begin by indicating that the research field or topic is very useful or significant. They may focus on____________. A the quantity of research in this areaB  how useful research in this area can beC  simply how important this research field isD  all of the above
第2题
判断题
(1分) In the Introduction, you should give information about your methodology or finding as detailed as possible so that the reader can understand your present study clearly.
第3题
判断题
(1分) When you begin to introduce the purpose of your paper and the specific problem you will deal with, it is necessary to create a research space. You can do this either by describing a problem in the previous research or by indicating that there is a gap in the research.
3. Excecises

第1题
单选题
(1分) Read the following statement carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices. When describing a research gap in the Introduction, which one of the following words is NOT used as a signaling connector? A although B however  C in additionD but
第2题
判断题
(1分) Read each of the following statements carefully and then decide whether it is true or false. The Past Simple tense is used in science writing to state accepted facts and truths.
第3题
判断题
(1分) Read each of the following statements carefully and then decide whether it is true or false. When you see a word like therefore or however, you are able to process the next piece of information in the sentence correctly even if you don’t understand every word.
1. Exercises

第1题
判断题
(1分) Read the following statement carefully and decide whether it is true or false.The Methods section is optional for a research paper because readers are only interested in the findings.
第2题
判断题
(1分) Read the following statement carefully and decide whether it is true or false.The title of the Methods section may be different in different journals and disciplines.
第3题
单选题
(1分) Choose ONE correct answer from the four options.The purposes of writing the Methods section include
. A To describe how an investigation, or an experiment was doneB To give instructions for readers to understand the processC To provide enough information for readers to judge the workD All of the above.
第4题
单选题
(1分) Choose ONE correct answer from the four options.Which component does NOT belong to the Methods section? A GeneralizationB SubjectsC DiscussionD Procedures
2. Exercises

第1题
判断题
(1分) Read the following statement carefully and decide whether it is true or false.When a particular research location was selected, it is necessary to clarify the reasons for choosing such a location.
第2题
判断题
(1分) Read the following statement carefully and decide whether it is true or false.If a study involves a large number of samples, it is not necessary to be specific about the quantities.
第3题
单选题
(1分) Choose ONE correct answer from the four options.What is the aim of the following sentence?Because the goal of the study was to examine typical brain development, only infants who experienced a normal, uncomplicated birth and a normal course of development were included. A To explain how the subjects were selectedB To indicate the importance of studying infantsC To emphasize the novelty of the research designD To demonstrate the contribution of the research subjects
第4题
单选题
(1分) Choose ONE correct answer from the four options.What does the following sentence indicate?Following prior work on infants’ event representation, mean amplitudes were analyzed within three windows of interest to capture components associated with perceptual, semantic, and memory updating processes in response to dynamic action. A The major approachB The major research activityC The research questionD A and B
3. Exercises

第1题
判断题
(1分) Read the following statement carefully and decide whether it is true or false.In the Methods section, it is very rare to use passive voice.
第2题
判断题
(1分) Read the following statement carefully and decide whether it is true or false.In the Methods section, simple past tense is used to describe what was done in the past (before writing the paper)
第3题
单选题
(1分) Choose the correct form for the following sentence.Thirty 4-year-old children
from a local preschool in the south-east of China. A recruitedB were recruitedC recruitD have recruited
第4题
单选题
(1分) Choose the appropriate link word for the following sentence.Micro-organism was detected
the technique for microscopic examination was greatly improved. A nextB later onC beforeD after
第5题
单选题
(1分) Choose the suitable adverb for the following sentence.The samples were prepared in our lab
after the raw materials were obtained to achieve the best effect. A immediatelyB identicallyC firmlyD constantly
1. Exercises

第1题
多选题
(2分) Writers have to present their data in text form in Results section because________. A They have to show readers how they understand the data.B Some results are more important than others and deserve more explanations.C Some readers prefer words to graphs.D Scientific papers require writers to explain results in text form.
第2题
单选题
(1分) In this lecture we have learned the different ways to start the results section. Read the first paragraph of a result section and decide how this one begins.Mean dates and standard deviations of dates, together with extreme early and late dates for all species, are shown in Table 1. It is apparent, and was noted by Jeffree(1960), that there is a bias towards extreme lateness for early-season species, which is less obvious, or even reversed, in later species. This is demonstrated in Fig. 2, where the 11 species for which 58 years of data are available are presented as box plots. The vertical dashed line represents the standardised mean of 0 days and asterisks represent extreme years. It is apparent that the species at the bottom of the figure (the earliest species) have more extreme late years and those at the top (the late species) have more extreme early years.  (Glasman-Deal H 2009: 133 )
A Plans for research in the futureB A general view of the resultsC Invitation to the resultsD Revisiting or expanding of the methodology
2. Exercises

第1题
判断题
(1分) Read the following statements and decide whether they are true or false. Tables and graphs are always preferred compared with text when presenting results.
第2题
判断题
(1分) Read the following statements and decide whether they are true or false. Meaningful tables should make sense by themselves without any reference.
第3题
判断题
(1分) Read the following statements and decide whether they are true or false. Line charts are effective to show the proportions of a total or a whole.
第4题
判断题
(1分) Read the following statements and decide whether they are true or false. Tables are used to show exact data or data values
第5题
判断题
(1分) Read the following statements and decide whether they are true or false. Tables should have table number, table caption and footnotes if necessary.
3. Excecises

第1题
单选题
(1分) Quantity languages are used to intentionally make numbers seem big or small to convey writers’ interpretations of the data. Read the following groups of sentences taken from the results section and decide which one is the best choice. A The thickness of the linings was found to vary along the cross-section; hence the mid-flat section tends to become slightly thicker than the rest of the cross-section. However, this is not accounted for in the model because it was observed that the thickness also varies along the length of the lining, and accurate measurements are not practically viable. (Glasman-Deal H 2009: 124 )B The rate constants shown in Table 1 indicate that the reactivity of 2, 4,6-TCP is much greater at neutral pH than at low pH; this can also be seen in Fig.2.  (Glasman-Deal H 2009: 130 )C A summary of the stepwise regression models is given in Table 2. All but 1 of 25 models was highly significant (P<0.001). In general, coefficients for months close to the mean flowering date were negative, indicating that warmer temperatures promoted earlier flowering. At the same time, autumn coefficients were generally smaller and positive, indicating that some vernalisation requirement was necessary but also that the autumn influence was smaller than that of spring.  (Glasman-Deal H 2009: 134 )D The protein identified on the PBM-enriched protein fraction is approximately 10 kDa larger than that predicted by the amino acid sequence of GmDmt1. The increase in size may be related to extensive post-translational modification(e.g. glycosylation) of GmDmt1 as it occurs to other systems. (Cargill M and O’Connor P 2009: 126)
第2题
多选题
(2分) Which of the following statement is true about the quantity language in each group () A “practically” in the first groupB No quantity language is used in the second groupC “highly significant” in the third group D “approximately” in the fourth group
1. Excecises

第1题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is True or False. The general purpose of the Discussion is to interprete the data presented in the Results part.
第2题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is True or False. In published papers, we may find the Discussion is either presented separately, or integrated into the Results, or combined with both the Results and Conclusion.
第3题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is True or False. The component “comparison with existing research” is only to show how different are the findings between the present study and the prior researches.
2. Excecises

第1题
多选题
(2分) Identify the right ones from the four choices below each statement. The Discussion can begin by referring back to something from the previous sections, which may include revisiting ________ . A the research aim of the present paperB  the problem the present study was desinged to solveC a summary of the research procedures of the present paperD  a summary of the results obtained by others
第2题
多选题
(2分) Identify the right ones from the four choices below each statement. The reasons for writers’ revisiting information from the previous sections in the Discussion are to ________ . A provide smooth transition from the ResultsB help to meet the required word limit of the entire paperC remind readers of something important aforementionedD highlight the improvement achieved in the present study
第3题
多选题
(2分) Similar to O’Sullivan’s approach [15], our method is data driven and is independent of the properties of tracer that may be required by other methods [17]. The above sentence is taken from the Discussion section of a published paper. Choose the correct information component(s) from the following choices . A Reference to previous sectionsB Review of important resultsC Comparison with existing researchD Explanation for results E ContributionF ApplicationsG LimitationsH Future work
第4题
单选题
(1分) We have described a tissue segmentation scheme for dynamic PET（正电子发射断层像）data using cluster analysis（聚类分析）. The above sentence is taken from the Discussion section of a published paper. Choose the correct information component(s) from the following choices. A Reference to previous sectionsB Review of important resultsC Comparison with existing researchD Explanation for resultsE ContributionF ApplicationsG LimitationsH Future work
第5题
多选题
(2分) Patient motion may also affect the accuracy of quantification and clinical（临床的）interpretation. Motion may be interpreted as activity changes (活性变化), causing the clustering algorithm to take these “false kinetics” into account, resulting in incorrect segmentation. The above sentence is taken from the Discussion section of a published paper. Choose the correct information component(s) from the following choices. A Reference to previous sectionsB Review of important resultsC Comparison with existing researchD Explanation for resultsE ContributionF ApplicationsG LimitationsH Future work
第6题
多选题
(2分) Therefore, certain regions may be grouped together due to the contriant on the number of clusters（簇）, resulting in the formation of vague clusters. Further studies are required to investigate tissue heterogeneity（组织异质性）in cluster analysis. The above sentence is taken from the Discussion section of a published paper. Choose the correct information component(s) from the following choices. A Reference to previous sectionsB Review of important resultsC Comparison with existing researchD Explanation for results E ContributionF ApplicationsG LimitationsH Future work
第7题
单选题
(1分) One of the potential applications of our clustering algorithm（聚类算法） is in noninvasive quantative PET. The above sentence is taken from the Discussion section of a published paper. Choose the correct information component(s) from the following choices. A Reference to previous sectionsB Review of important resultsC Comparison with existing researchD Explanation for results E ContributionF ApplicationsG LimitationsH Future work
3. Excecises

第1题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is True or False. The use of hedges will reduce readers’ confidence on our findings.
第2题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is True or False. Generally, Chinese writers have been found to use more hedges than English native writers in scientific writing.
第3题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is True or False. Words like “could, prove, indicate, possible” are examples of hedges.
第4题第5题第6题
1. Excercises

第1题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. The different sections in scientific papers are not randomly, but logically connected in a scientific paper.
第2题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false.  Usually, a conclusion contains three components: summary, elaborating and climax.
第3题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. To emphasize the significance by relating the application or/and future work is not the function of a conclusion.
2. Exercises

第1题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. Repetition of the key words is a way to organize your writing.
第2题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. In Conclusion Section, premise-claim patterns are not necessary.
第3题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. In a conclusion, the language is not necessarily accurate or precise.
3. Exercises

第1题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. The ending of Conclusion should be a logical ending to what has been discussed, with a sense of unity.
第2题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. A conclusion should focus merely on a minor point in your argument.
第3题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. An author has to sacrifice his or her identity for the sake of reader-friendliness.
1. Excecises

第1题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. A presentation can be delivered by two speakers at the same time.
第2题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. Knowing the audience’s needs before a presentation is usually impossible.
第3题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. Differences in audiences may result in different ways to deliver a presentation.
第4题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. It doesn’t matter whether the audiences are homogeneous or mixed.
第5题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. Conducting a questionnaire research is an effective way to know the audience.
第6题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. The more a speaker knows the audience, the better his presentation will be.
第7题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. A speaker needn’t double check the accuracy of the information before his presentation.
第8题
判断题
(1分)  Tables and figures not only create interests but also lead to a good understanding of the text information.
第9题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. Organizing ideas in a logical sequence is not required for an academic presentation.
第10题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. A paper presentation often proceeds in the same logical pathway of writing the paper.
第11题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. Introduction section often begins with the description of the present research.
第12题
判断题
(1分) If the information on the PPT is overloading, audience may feel confused.
第13题
判断题
(1分) A speaker can highlight important points by changing the color and size of words on PPT.
第14题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. Being confident in a presentation is not necessary because nobody will care.
第15题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. When a speaker deliberately slows down his speed, he is usually explaining some important points.
第16题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. Voice level, which has nothing to do with the overall effect of the presentation, mainly depends on personal likings.
第17题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. Body languages especially hand gestures can maximize the effect of the spoken language.
第18题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. The more a speaker uses body languages, the better the audience will understand the contents of a presentation.
第19题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. Giving individual attention to some of the audiences by glancing at them is waste of time.
第20题
判断题
(1分) Decide whether the following statement is true or false. Do not walk in the process of the presentation because the audience will feel strange.
2. Exercises

第1题
单选题
(1分) Which of the following is Not a feature of an effective presentation? A efficient expressionB clear organizationC true feelingsD good preparation
第2题
单选题
(1分) How to have a good understanding of the audience before a presentation? A read their papersB know their knowledge levelsC analyze their needsD all the above three choices
第3题
单选题
(1分) To organize information in a reasonable logical sequence doesn’t mean that ______. A important points are repeated randomlyB ideas are closely related to each otherC an experiment is described according to its processD introduction is developed from general research background
第4题
单选题
(1分) Which of the following is a correct interpretation of the CCRPPE principle? A being modestB being calmC being seriousD being considerate
3. Exercises

第1题
判断题
(1分) A panel session is a keynote speech delivered by a keynote speaker.
第2题
判断题
(1分) On poster, a presenter should give as many texts as possible.
第3题
判断题
(1分) In paper presentations, speakers should not read their papers.
第4题
判断题
(1分) Titles denoting the findings are preferred.
第5题
判断题
(1分) You can not submit a conference abstract when your research is not completed.
第6题
判断题
(1分) There are no graphics in conference abstracts.
第7题
判断题
(1分) Extended abstracts usually have headings.
第8题
判断题
(1分) You should dress fashionably when you attend academic conferences.
第9题
判断题
(1分) Conference abstracts with complicated sentences and lots of long words are more likely to be accepted.
第10题
判断题
(1分) Titles should include the scope of the investigation, the study design, and the goal.
第11题
单选题
(1分) Which type of meeting has a more action-oriented purpose?  A symposiumB seminarC workshop D colloquium
第12题
单选题
(1分) When preparing conference abstracts, you should avoid ______.  A strict adherence to format requirementsB excessive use of abbreviationsC careful proofreadingD reading through the published abstracts from the most recent annual meeting
第13题
多选题
(2分) A good conference abstract should ______. A say how the research was being undertakenB indicate the value of the findings and to whom they will be of useC give a concise summary of the authorD be flexible in terms of the word limit
正确答案： AB
第14题
多选题
(2分) Headings for an extended conference abstract might be ________. A purpose B valueC argumentD suggestions
正确答案： ABCD
第15题
多选题
(2分) Extended abstracts may contain ________.  A figuresB tables C imagesD references
正确答案： ABCD
Lecture 11 Exercises

第1题
判断题
(1分) A scientific poster presentation is a multimodal practice.
第2题
判断题
(1分) A scientific poster can be an interactive medium for stimulating and facilitating dialogues between viewers and presenters.
第3题
判断题
(1分) A typical scientific poster usually follows an IRAD structure.
第4题
判断题
(1分) An attractive title may draw attentions among those who are interested in the similar research topic from a long distance.
第5题
判断题
(1分)  A line chart is a type of visual aids.
第6题
单选题
(1分) What section should not be included in a typical scientific poster? A TitleB IntroductionC ResultsD Abstract
第7题
单选题
(1分) An Introduction section should not involve ___________________. A research questions and rationale of the researchB author’s informationC the minimum background information needed to capture attentionD a brief description of the general experimental approach
第8题
单选题
(1分) In the section of Methods, you should provide description of ___________. A the procedureB the equipmentC the keywordsD the facilities
第9题
单选题
(1分)  Which one is not a principle of designing each section in a scientific poster? A Keep conciseB Make combination of visual aids with wordsC Use bullets and number listsD Keep each section within 500 words
第10题
判断题
(1分) Centering-justifying text make a scientific poster readable
第11题
判断题
(1分) Using a colored background to unify your poster will make your poster effective.
第12题
判断题
(1分) Do not stick to a theme of two or three colors when you want to make your poster colorful.
第13题
判断题
(1分) Use a lot of primary colors can make your poster outstanding.
Lecture 12 Exercises

第1题
填空题
(1分) Fill in the blank with a proper word. The first letter is given and the number in the brackets indicate the number of the letters in the word. 注：请给出完整单词，包括首字母。Sorry, I didn’t hear the last part of your question. Could you r____(6)  that part again please?
第2题
填空题
(1分) Fill in the blank with a proper word. The first letter is given and the number in the brackets indicate the number of the letters in the word. 注：请给出完整单词，包括首字母。To the best of my k____(9), you were asking me about… Am I right?
第3题
填空题
(1分) Fill in the blank with a proper word. The first letter is given and the number in the brackets indicate the number of the letters in the word. 注：请给出完整单词，包括首字母。Perhaps I didn’t express that well/clearly. Let me r____ (8) it.
第4题
填空题
(1分) Fill in the blank with a proper word. The first letter is given and the number in the brackets indicate the number of the letters in the word. 注：请给出完整单词，包括首字母。Could you give me an example to i____ (10) what you mean?
第5题
填空题
(1分) Fill in the blank with a proper word. The first letter is given and the number in the brackets indicate the number of the letters in the word. 注：请给出完整单词，包括首字母。I am wondering whether there are any e____ (10) that do not follow the rule?
第6题
填空题
(1分) Fill in the blank with a proper word. The first letter is given and the number in the brackets indicate the number of the letters in the word. 注：请给出完整单词，包括首字母。That wasn’t included in the s____ (5) of our study.
第7题
填空题
(1分) Fill in the blank with a proper word. The first letter is given and the number in the brackets indicate the number of the letters in the word. 注：请给出完整单词，包括首字母。I’m summarizing here, so some details may d____ (6), but…
第8题
填空题
(1分) Fill in the blank with a proper word. The first letter is given and the number in the brackets indicate the number of the letters in the word. 注：请给出完整单词，包括首字母。That’s a good question, but at this point we don’t have enough data to answer that c____ (12).
第9题
判断题
(1分) The questioner should keep the questions brief and manageable.
第10题
判断题
(1分) If the presenter does not know the answer, he should answer a vaguely related question instead.
第11题
判断题
(1分) The questioner may use hedging devices in order to show his uncertainty about the answer to a question.
第12题
判断题
(1分) The presenter should listen to the questions carefully to avoid misinterpretations of questions.
第13题
判断题
(1分) When answering a question from one member of the audience, the presenter should be responsible for involving the rest of the audience and ensure that the whole audience understand the question.

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