在线网课学习课堂《病理生理学(Pathophysiology)（暨南 ）》单元测试考核答案

注：不含主观题
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(1分) What is pathophysiology? A It is the scientific study of the mechanisms that work to keep the human body alive and functioning.B It is the study of etiology, pathogenesis and morphologic changes in the diseases.C It is a science to study the functional and metabolic alterations in the human body in the development of diseases.D It serves as a link between biology and clinical medicine.
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(1分) Where was pathophysiology first opened as an independent course？ A FranceB GermanyC ItalyD Russia
choice
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(1分) The factors that intensify the roles of causative factors and promote the onset and development of diseases are called A  Intrinsic factorsB Predisposing factorsC Precipitating factorsD Risk factorsE Extrinsic factors
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(2分) The general rules for disease occurrence and development include A Disruption of homeostasis.B Process of damage and anti-damage.C Reversal role of cause and result.D Correlation between systemic and local regulation.
choice
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(1分) When did the Chinese Journal of Pathophysiology start publication in Jinan University?  A 1985B 1950C 1961D 1991
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(1分) The assessment criteria for brain death do not include A Heart arrestB Cessation of spontaneous respirationC Irreversible comaD Absence of cephalic reflexes
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(2分) The etiology of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) involves A immunological factorB biological factorC congenital factorD  nutritional factor
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(1分) 68 year-old female patient presented to hospital after she injured her left foot in a slip injury. She was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus fifteen years ago. Examination showed sole ulcers on both feet: 2×2 cm wide on the left foot and 3×3 cm wide on his right foot, this being more severe. The ulcers present an amount of hyperkeratosis, swollen borders with exudation. The general rule of pathogenesis involved in this case is  A  Injury and anti-injuryB  Causal alterationC Vicious cycleD Correlation between systemic and local regulation
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(1分) A 40-year-old female arrived at the hospital after a left thoracoabdominal falling trauma from 3 meters high. She had no relevant medical history. At admission, her blood pressure (BP) was 110/60 mm Hg, heart rate was 110 bpm, and oxygen saturation was 90%. No sign of head trauma was found on physical examination. She underwent assessment with sonography, x-rays and CT scan. Then, she was admitted to the acute care surgery unit, became hypotensive (BP: 80/50 mmHg) and remained tachycardic. The general rule of pathogenesis involved in this case is mainly A Injury and anti-injuryB Alternation of cause and resultC Disruption of homeostasisD Correlation between systemic and local regulation
single choice
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(1分) How many is the proportion of body fluid to body weight in an adult man? A 40%B 60%C 50%D 75%
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(1分) The internal environment of the human body refers to A Intracellular fluidB Transcellular fluidC Interstitial fluidD Extracellular fluid
single choice
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(1分) Which hormone may serve in an endocrine axis linking the intestine with kidney to maintain the body Na+ balance following oral NaCl loads as an intestinal natriuretic factor? A Arginine vasopressinB AldosteroneC Atrial natriuretic peptideD Uroguanylin
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(1分) Which of the following hormones induces the expression and translocation of aquaporins? A Antidiuretic hormoneB AldosteroneC Atrial natriuretic peptideD Guanylin
single choice
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(1分) At early stage，the prominent clinical manifestation in patients with hypertonic dehydration is A Increased thirst sensationB PolyuriaC Muscle weaknessD Swelling of the cerebral cells
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(1分) Which of the following diseases easily causes the dependent edema A Right ventricular failureB Left ventricular failureC Nephrotic syndromeD Acute glomerulonephritis
single choice
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(1分) Which of the following factors can promote potassium shift out of cells through opening of ATP – dependent K+ channels A InsulinB beta-adrenergic agonistsC A rise in extracellular potassium concentrationD Exercise
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(1分) In electrocardiogram, T wave is mainly related to A potentials produced as the atria depolarizeB potentials generated while the ventricles depolarizeC potentials generated while the ventricles repolarizeD potentials produced at the phase 3 of the repolarization of ventricles
single choice
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(1分) Which of the following factors can not cause hypokalemia via renal potassium loss A Use of certain diuretic agentsB Renal tubular acidosisC Primary aldosteronismsD hypermagnesemia
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(1分) Hypokalemia can decrease the myocardial A conductivityB irritabilityC contractilityD automaticity
single choice
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(1分) The mechanism by which mild hyperkalemia increases the irritability of nerve and muscle cells is related to A reducing the resting membrane potential valueB increasing the resting membrane potential valueC reducing the threshold potential valueD increasing the threshold potential value
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(1分) The classic electrocardiographic manifestation of hyperkalemia is A peaked T-wavesB ST-segment elevationC disappearance of P wavesD widening of the QRS complex
choice
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(1分) Which ion is the major contributor to the osmolality of the intracellular fluid? A K+B Na+C Ca2+D Mg2+
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(1分) When the plasma volume decreases, the following factor that first regulates water and sodium balance is A Arginine vasopressin B Aldosterone C Atrial natriuretic peptide D Angiotensin
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(1分) Patients with the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion are prone to suffer from A Hypovolemic hyponatremiaB Hypotonic dehydration C Normovolemic hyponatremiaD Hypervolemic hyponatremia
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(1分) Which part of body fluid is lost mostly in hypertonic dehydration?  A Intracellular fluidB Transcellular fluidC  Interstitial fluidD Extracellular fluid
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(1分) A 70-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, diabetes and renal disease presented to the emergency department complaining of diffuse weakness for 24 hours. On examination, vital signs showed a normal temperature, pulse 100 beats/min, respiratory rate 25 breaths/min, pulse oximetry 97%, blood pressure 160/100 mm Hg. Serum chemistries: pH 7.30, bicarbonate 22 mmol/L, BUN 128 mg/dL, creatinine 28.3 mg/dL, and glucose 240 mg/dL. ECG showed that peaked T-waves and widening of the QRS complex. The patient was treated intravenously with calcium gluconate, sodium bicarbonate, and insulin (glucose 50% solution) and ECG became normal. The most likely reason for ECG alteration in this patient is A  HypocalcemiaB HypercalcemiaC ketoacidosisD  Hyperkalemia
第6题
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(1分) A 60-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, diabetes and renal disease presented to the hospital complaining of diffuse weakness for 24 hours. On examination, vital signs showed a normal temperature, pulse 100 beats/min, respiratory rate 25 breaths/min, pulse oximetry 97%, blood pressure 160/100 mm Hg. Serum chemistries: pH 7.30, bicarbonate 22 mmol/L, BUN 128 mg/dL, creatinine 28.3 mg/dL, and glucose 240 mg/dL. ECG showed that absence of regular P-waves, peaked T-waves and widening of the QRS complex. The patient was treated intravenously with calcium gluconate, sodium bicarbonate, and insulin (glucose 50% solution) and ECG became normal. The most likely mechanism for peaked T-waves in ECG in this patient is  A decreased velocity of myocardial depolarizationB depolarized blocking of myocardial cellsC increased velocity of myocardial repolarization at phase 3D increased velocity of myocardial repolarization at phase 2
single choice
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(1分)  which procedure changes the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin A Place a mouse into the airtight bottle with soda limeB The mouse inhales carbon monoxideC The mouse was injected with sodium nitriteD B+C
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(1分) The cherry-red color of blood indicates A The formation of methemoglobin (nitrite poisoning)B The formation of carboxyhemoglobin (CO poisoning) C  The formation of oxyhemoglobin  D  The formation of deoxygenated hemoglobin
single choice
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(1分) Use methylene blue to treat nitrite intoxication, which statement is INCORRECT  A Methylene blue can capture hydrogen. B Methylene blue can transfer hydrogen.C Methylene blue can reduce the iron of Hb from ferric to ferrous state. DHigher the dose of methylene blue, better the result of treating nitrite intoxication.
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(1分) Which of the following factors make the oxygen-dissociation curve of hemoglobin shift to left? A 2, 3-DPG ↑,  pH ↑ ， temperature↑B 2, 3-DPG ↓, pH↑  and temperature ↓
C 2, 3-DPG ↑， pH ↓，  temperature↑
D 2, 3-DPG ↓, pH ↑ and temperature ↑
single choice
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(1分) The host’s response to chronic hypoxia do not include A  Increase in myoglobinB  Increase in red blood cellsC Increased ability of tissues to utilize oxygen DShift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to left
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(1分) The alternation of blood gas caused by suffocation may be A PaO2 and PaCO2 are high. B PaO2 is high and PaCO2 is normal.C PaO2 is high and PaCO2 is low. DPaO2 is low and PaCO2 is high.
single choice
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(1分)  The major sites of heat production are A Brain
B Skin and liverC Lungs and muscles D Liver and muscles
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(1分) The followings all have higher body temperature. Which is fever?  A RunningB PrementrunC MalariaD Stress with psychologic stimulation
single choice
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(1分) The metabolic characteristic during the fervescence period in fever is A Heat loss < heat production B Heat loss > heat productionC Heat loss = heat productionD Disorder in heat loss
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(1分) Which of the following is the activator to induce endogenous pyrogen production A Interleukin-1B Tumor necrosis factorC InterferonDEndotoxin
single choice
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(1分) Which of the following is the activator to induce endogenous pyrogen production A VirusB  Endotoxin C Tumor necrosis factorD  A+B
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(1分) Which is correct for fever definition? A Fever results from rise in set point of thermoregulatory center.B Body temperature is 0.5 ℃ higher than normal level.C Fever is a common disease.D Heat production is greater than heat loss.
single choice
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(1分) Ischemia-reperfusion injury is most common in A MyocardiumB BrainC LiverD KidneyE Intestines
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(2分)  The causes of ischemia reperfusion are A  Shock treatmentB Organ transplantationC In the recovery of heart after ischemic arrestD Tissue infarction by thrombolysisE Plasma colloid osmotic pressure rise
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(1分) Which enzyme is required during the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase? A Mg2+-dependent protease B Fe2+-dependent protease C Ca2+-dependent protease  D Cu2+-dependent protease
single choice
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(1分) What is the most reactive and powerful oxygen radicals A O2- B  H2O2 C OH.  D  L.E LOO
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(1分) What is the wrong statement about free radicals A A free radical is a general term for an atom, radical group, and molecule having an unpaired electron.B O2- is the basis for the production of other reactive oxygen species.C The free radicals in the body don’t do any good.D  The chemical properties of free radicals are extremely reactive.
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(2分) The mechanisms of calcium overload induced by elevated catecholamines in cardiomyocytes are as follows A L-type calcium channel opening increasedB Increased Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulumC  Increased cell membrane permeabilityD Na+-Ca2+ exchange is enhancedE Ca2+-Mg2+ -ATPase activity is enhanced
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(1分) The common pathway that lead to irreversible cell damage during ischemia/reperfusion injury is: A  Lack the ATP B Calcium overloadC No reflow  D The action of oxygen free radicalE Leukocyte infiltration
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(1分)  Which of the following substances is not attacked by free radical? A SaccharidesB ProteinsC Endoplasmic reticulum membraneD MitochondriaE DNA
第6题
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(1分) The main mechanism of calcium overload during reperfusion is A  Increased H+-Ca2+ exchange B  Increased Mg2+-Ca2+ exchangeC Increased Na+-Ca2+ exchange D  Increased P3+-Ca2+ exchangeE  Increased K+-Ca2+ exchange
choice
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(1分) Among the following conditions that do not cause reperfusion injury is A Organ transplantationB Deplantation of a severed limbC Coronary artery thrombolysis  D Arteriovenous fistulaE Coronary artery bypass surgery
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(1分) The major mechanism of increased neutrophil infiltration during reperfusion is A The effect of histamine and kinin B  The effect of C3a and C5aC The effect of Arachidonic acid metabolitesD  The effect of LTC4E The effect of chemokines and inflammatory mediators
chioce
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(1分)  Which is the most common type of ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmia A Atrial arrhythmiaB  Ventricular arrhythmias C Atrioventricular blockD Atrial fibrillation
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(2分) The most significant histological changes in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury are A Cerebral edema B Cerebral infarction C Necrosis of brain cells D Cerebral hemorrhageE  Cerebral thrombosis
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(1分)  It is generally believed that the initial stage of ischemia reperfusion injury is A Calcium overload.  B  No-reflowC The lack of ATP  D Oxygen free radicalE Neutrophil infiltration
single choice
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(1分)  The initial change responsible for shock is A Reduction of circulatory volumeB Increase in capillary volumeC Depressed myocardial contractilityD A+B+C
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(1分) The
initial change responsible for anaphylactic shock is  A Depressed myocardial contractility B  Decreased capillary volumeC Reduction of circulatory volumeD  Increased capillary volume
single choice
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(1分) Abnormal increase in the capillary volume will A Increase blood pressureB Decrease blood pressure.C Be no effect on blood pressureD None of the above
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(1分) The contraction and relaxation of sphincters control the blood flow in capillary network. The regulation of sphincters is by A Neural mechanism onlyB Humoral mechanism onlyC  Local hydrostatic pressure onlyD A+B
single choice
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(1分) Which one of the followings is most likely to develop hypotension, even shock  A Hypertonic dehydrationB Hypotonic dehydrationC Isotonic dehydrationD Edema
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(1分)  Blood shunted away from “nonessential” organs is named:  A Auto blood infusionB Auto fluid infusionC  Redistribution of blood perfusionD Promotion of water retention
single choice
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(1分) The most important purpose for treating shock is A  Correction of acid-base imbalancesB Removing etiological factorsC Elevating blood pressureD Improvement of blood perfusion
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(1分) The chief mechanism responsible for cardiogenic shock is A Reduced venous returnB  Rapid decrease in cardiac output C  VasodilationD Increased peripheral resistanceE  Water and sodium retention
single choice
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(1分) Obstetrical emergencies usually  A Induce acute DICB Induce chronic DICC Are very low risk to induce DICD Induce DIC in 100% cases
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(1分) The key trigger that activates the extrinsic pathway of coagulation is A fibrinB plasminogenC tissue factor D platelets
single choice
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(1分) The subsequence of stages in DIC development is usually  A from hypercoagulable stage to hypocoagulable stage then to secondary fibrinolytic stage B from hypocoagulable stage to hypercoagulable stage then to secondary fibrinolytic stageC from hypercoagulable stage to secondary fibrinolytic stage then to hypocoagulable stage D from hypocoagulable stage to secondary fibrinolytic stage then to hypercoagulable stage
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(1分)  The manifestation of DIC include A bleedingB shockC Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia D A+BE all of the above
single choice
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(1分) The normal range for cardiac output is about  A 3 to 5 L/minB 4 to 8 L/minC 5 to 8 L/minD 6 to 10 L/min
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(1分) The most characteristic hemodynamic changes in heart failure are  A  Pulmonary circulatory congestion B  Decreased arterial blood pressureC Decreased cardiac outputD Increased capillary resistance
single choice
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(1分) The main compensatory mechanisms in HF include A Cardiac compensationB Systemic compensationC Neurohormonal compensationD All of the above
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(1分) Concentric hypertrophy is the result of response to A short-term pressure overloadB short-term volume overloadC long-term pressure overloadD long-term volume overload
single choice
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(1分) which disease is the most common cause of myocardial necrosis A MyocarditisB EndocarditisC cardiotoxic drugsD Myocardial infarction induced by coronary artery
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(1分) The following ion imbalance is related to myocardial dysfunction caused by excitation-contraction coupling. A Sodium ionB Potassium ionC Calcium ionD Hydrogen ion
single choice
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(1分) In patients with heart failure, cardiac output is often less than  A 3 L/min B 3.5 L/min C 5 L/min D 6 L/min
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(1分) Which of the following is the earliest clinical manifestation of right heart failure  A dyspneaB pulmonary congestionC Edema of lower limbsD engorgement of jugular vein
single choice
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(1分) where are  exchange of gas between in external breath？ A lung and airB lung and bloodC air and bloodD oxygen and carbon dioxide
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(1分) Regarding respiratory failure, which of the following is correct A It is necessary that PaO2 is less than 60mmHgB It is necessary that PaCoO2 is greater than 50mmHgC It is necessary that PaO2 is less than 60mmHg with PaCO2 is greater than 50mmHgD It is not necessary that PaO2 is less than 60mmHg
single choice
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(1分) Regarding restrictive ventilatory disorders, which of the following is correct A During the inhalation, the expansion of  thoracic cavity is restrictedB During the inhalation, the expansion of the alveoli is restrictedC Dring the exhalation, the expansion of thoracic cavity is restrictedD Dring the exhalation, the expansion of the alveoli is restricted
第2题
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(1分) What symptoms the patient usually presents when the obstruction located in intra-thoracic airway A Inspiratory dyspneaB Expiratory dyspneaC BothD Neither
single choice
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(1分) What type of respiratory failure will be caused in the usual case of diffusion disorder A Type I, PaO2 may decrease, PaCO2 remains normalB Type I, PaO2 may decrease, PaCO2 increasesC Type II, PaO2 may decrease, PaCO2 remains normalD Type II, PaO2 may decrease, PaCO2 increases
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(1分) Functional shunt  refers to A Local hypo-perfusionB Local hypoventilationC Local hyper-perfusionD Local hyperventilation
single choice
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(1分) In type 2 respiratory failure, which of the following is correct A Metabolic acidosisB Respiratory acidosisC BothD Neither
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(1分) Exceeding PaCO2 may cause “carbon dioxide narcosis” and coma. A 50mmHgB 60mmHgC 80mmHgD 90mmHg
single choice
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(1分) Which of the following is not the major function of liver? A Production of bileB Clearing the blood of drugs and other poisonous substancesC Secretion of digestive enzymesD Production of certain proteins for blood plasma
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(1分) In many cases, chronic liver failure results from cirrhosis.
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(2分) Which of the following can cause liver faliure? A Viral infectionsB Autoimmune diseaseC Overuse of certain drugs or toxinsD Shock
single choice
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(1分) Hepatic encephalopathy implies that altered brain function is due to metabolic abnormalities.
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(1分) Which of the following is the precipitating factor associated with hepatic encephalopathy? A HyperkalemiaB GI tract bleedingC Metabolic acidosisD Water intoxication
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(1分) Which of the following may exacerbate hepatic encephalopathy? A GI tract bleedingB Over consumption of  red meat proteinC ConstipationD Antibiotics
single choice
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(2分) Which of the following may stimulate the development of hepatic encephalopathy? A Electrolyte abnormalitiesB InfectionsC GI tract bleedingD Diuretics
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(1分) Ammonia is normally converted to urea in the kidney by a series of enzymatic reactions
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(1分) What is the mechinism of using lacuulose in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy? A Decreases pH inside the gutB Increases pH inside the gutC Suppress the intestinal bacterial floraD Provides sugar to the body
single choice
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(1分) Which of the following is not the major function of kidney? A Maintain balance in water and electrolytesB Produce red blood cells  C Control blood pressureD Excrete waste products from the blood
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(1分) The nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney.
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(2分) Which of the following is the cause of acute kidney failure? A Low blood pressureB Blockage of the urinary tractC Certain medicationsD Muscle breakdown
single choice
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(1分) Which of the following may be the cause leading to pre-renal acute renal failure?A Renal poisoning caused by heavy metalsB Tubular necrosis caused by antibioticC Urinary tract obstructionD Hemorrhagic shock in early stage
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(2分) The etiology of acute renal failure includes: A PrerenalB IntrarenalC PostrenalD None of the above
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(1分) The most common condition in acute renal failure is acute tubular necrosis induced by ischemia or toxins.
single choice
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(2分) Which of the following is the complications of chronic renal failure?A Heart diseaseB High blood pressureC Bone diseaseD Anemia
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(1分) Which of the following is not the risk factor of chronic kidney disease ?A DiabetesB HypertensionC kidney stonesD Obesity
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(1分) AngiotensinⅡ promotes glomerular hypertension and hyperfiltration caused by efferent arteriolar vasoconstriction and also promotes systemic hypertension.

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