香港考試及評核局2013年香港中學文憑考試历史英文試卷一

:2013-DSE

HIST

PAPER 1

HONG KONG EXAMINATIONS AND ASSESSMENT

HONG KONG DIPLOMA OF SECONDARY EDUCATION

AUTHORITY

EXAMINATION

2013

HISTORY PAPER 1

8.30 am-10.15 am(1 hour 45 minutes)

This paper must be answered in English

INSTRUCTIONS

This paper consists of compulsory data-based questions.The maximum mark for each question is indicated in brackets after each question.It is a guide to the length of answer required,which may vary from one to a few short paragraphs.

2. Where a question is divided into a number of sub-questions,you MUST divide your answer into different parts accordingly.You risk mark penalties if you do not do so.

3. Write your answers in the answer book.Start each question(not sub-question)on a new page.

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Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment

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Authority

Not to be taken away before the end of the examination session

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Attempt all questions in this paper.

1. Study Sources A and B.

SOURCE A

The following extract is adapted from a speech made by Sun Yat-sen(Sun Yixian)to members of the Tongmenghui on 1 April 1912,immediately after he stepped down from the position of Provisional President of the Republic of China.

Today,I resign from the post of Provisional President.Resigning is not leaving matters unattended to.After resigning,there are still matters more important than politics to attend to….Eight to nine years ago,the Tongmenghui formulated three major principles:1.The Principle of Nationalism;2. The Principle of Democracy;and 3.The Principle of People’s Livelihood.Today,the Manchu Qing emperor abdicates,and the Republic of China is established.Therefore,the two Principles of Nationalism and Democracy have both been achieved;only the Principle of People’s Livelihood is yet to be dealt with.From now on,this Principle is what we should strive for.….Some people in the Tongmenghui have said that both nationalist and political revolutions are rather easy to achieve,but social revolution is the most difficult.This is because nationalist revolution can be achieved simply by removing an alien race,and political revolution can be achieved simply by reforming institutions. But as far as social revolution is concerned,people have to be of the highest standard before they can carry it out.

SOURCE B

The following extract is adapted from a telegram sent by a leader of a political campaign that was widespread in China in 1915.

Four years have passed since our nation founded a republic.Although the people’s feelings are positive and the form of government is still new,Yuan Shikai attempts to make himself monarch due to his ambitions.As the evil chief culprit,he fools the entire nation in the palm of his hand. Being deceitful and dishonest,he hurts people within and without the country.Worse still,despite warnings from the five powers which suggest a generally dangerous situation;yet Yuan still rudely brushes the warnings aside and actively pushes forward his attempt,for which he is willing to sacrifice four hundred million people and pay the price of the entire nation’s territory.China never has such an evil person over the ages,and it has never experienced such a disaster.

(a) According to Source A,were the Three People’s Principles achieved?Explain your answer with reference to Source A. (2 marks)

(b) What was the attitude of the author of Source B towards Yuan Shikai?Explain your answer with reference to the language and arguments used in Source B. (4 marks)

(c) To what extent could China be regarded as a modernised country in the period 1912-20?Explain your answer with reference to Sources A and B,and using your own knowledge. (7 marks)

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2. Study Sources C and D

SOURCE C

The following extract is adapted from an editorial published in The Asahi Shimbun,a Japanese newspaper, in 1951.

Since the end of the War we have lived with General MacArthur.For the Japanese people,the highest leader of the Allied forces occupying Japan is General MacArthur,and we think our relationship with the General will continue until the signing of a peace treaty.Whatever the reasons for his dismissal might have been,the Japanese people will regard General MacArthur’s departure

from his position as commander to be most regrettable.

At a time when the Japanese people faced an unprecedented defeat in war and when they were in a state of total collapse,it was General MacArthur who taught us democracy and peace,and who gently led the Japanese people down a bright road.It was also General MacArthur who,like a father delighted to watch his children grow,happily watched the Japanese people,his one-time enemies,

march forward on the road to democracy,and who continued to encourage them all along.

SOURCE D

The following passage was adapted from a history book about the Allied Occupation of Japan (1945-52), published in 1983.

The Allied Occupation was vastly significant in some ways.…..It was significant in speeding up some of the changes that occurred in postwar Japan.It was also significant in establishing certain detailed aspects of the Japanese system which still linger on.But it was far less significant than is often assumed in creating the generally pacifistic,world trading,affluent,homogeneous,culturally mass-oriented Japan we find today.This Japan is much more the result of Japanese skills and past experience together with general world conditions than it is the product of any specific American

planning during or since the Occupation.

(a)

(b)

(c)

What role did MacArthur play in Japan during the Occupation period?Support your answer with one clue from Source C (2 marks)

Do Sources C and D share the same view regarding the importance of the Japanese themselves in Japan’s post-war reconstruction?Explain your answer with reference to Sources C and D.

(4 marks)

‘After the Second World War,Japan developed into an Asian power primarily because of the foundation laid down during the Occupation period.’Comment on the validity of this statement with reference to Sources C and D,and using your own knowledge. (7 marks)

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3. Study Sources E and F.

SOURCE E

The following extract was adapted from a speech delivered by Woodrow Wilson,President of the USA,to the US Congress in 1919.

What do the countries unite for?They enter into a solemn promise to one another that they will never use their power against one another for aggression;that they never will impair the teritorial integrity of a neighbour;and that they never will interfere with the political independence of a neighbour.In other words,they consent,no matter what happens,to submit every matter of difference between them to the judgment of the international community,and just so certainly as they do that,my fellow citizens,war will be in the far background,war will be pushed out of that foreground of terror in which it has kept the world for generation after generation,and men will

know that there will be a calm time of deliberate counsel.

SOURCE F

The following was adapted from a cartoon that appeared in a British magazine in 1935.

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(a) Identify two clues from Source E to prove that Wilson was speaking on the formation of the

League of Nations. (2 marks)

(b) What was the cartoonist’s view regarding the League of Nations as a peace-keeping institution?

Explain your answer with reference to Source F. (3 marks)

Explain your answer with reference to Sources E and F,and using your own knowledge.

(6 marks)

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4. Study Sources G and H.

Decade

50s

60s

70s

80s

90s

SOURCE G

The following table shows the results of a public poll conducted in the USA in the period 1953-91 on the favourability rating of the USSR.

Year	Favourable Response (%)	Unfavourable Response (%)
1953		72
1954	5	72
1956	5	68

1966

1972	40	25
1973	46	16
1974	45	22
1975	44	21

1977

1979	34	32
1980	13	53
1981	22	38
1982	20	43
1983	23	34

1985	21	36
1986	32	26

1988	44	22
1989	62	figure not available
1990	58	figure not available
1991	57	figure not available

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SOURCE H

The following cartoon was presented as a gift by USSR President Mikhail Gorbachev to US President George Bush at a summit meeting.

(a) In which decade were the Americans most hostile towards the USSR?Explain your answer with reference to Source G. (3 marks)

(b) In which year do you think the cartoon in Source H could have been drawn?Explain your choice with reference to one clue from Source H. (3 marks)

relations between the USA and the USSR in the period 1953-91. (7 marks)

END OF PAPER

Sources of materials used in this paper will be acknowledged in the Examination Report and Question Papers published by the HongKong Examinations and Assessment Authority at a later stage.

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