2019-DSE
HIST
PAPER 1
HONG KONG EXAMINATIONS AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY
HONG KONG DIPLOMA OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION 2019
HISTORY PAPER 1
8:30 am-10:30 am (2 hours)
This paper must be answered in English
INSTRUCTIONS
This paper consists of compulsory data-based questions.The maximum mark for each question is indicated in brackets after each question.It is a guide to the length of answer required,which may vary from one to a few short paragraphs.
2. Where a question is divided into a number of sub-questions,you MUST divide your answer into different parts accordingly.You risk mark penalties if you do not do so.
3. Write your answers in the answer book.Start each question(not sub-question)on a new page.
4. The topic covered by each question is indicated at the beginning of each question.
Not to be taken away before the end of the examination session
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Attempt all questions in this paper.
1. Perspectives of mainland Chinese and Hong Kong Chinese in the 20 century
Study Sources A and B.
SOURCE A
The following extracts are adapted from two announcements published in two Shanghai newspapers in
| May 1919.
Extract 1:Announcement from the Pleading to Use Chinese Products Society’of Shanghai Pudong Middle School Alas!For a long time our nation has been bullied by Japan,which has been getting more ambitious recently by intending to annex our Qingdao.Yet Qingdao is the gate to our Shandong.If Qingdao falls,Shandong wil fall too.And if Shandong falls,China will subsequently fall as well.In that case, this ancient nation of ours with thousands of years of history will perish in the hands of the Japanese. It hurts!It hurts!We have been thinking:Japan is a nation of commerce,with most of its goods being sold to our country;if our people can work together with a unified heart to refuse to buy and use Japanese goods,then they will lose their markets,and the Japanese people will immediately fall into poverty,and the Japanese treasury will immediately be empty and void of money.Therefore, boycotting Japanese goods will be more than effective in putting Japan to death. Extract 2:The Sincere Company Will Not Sell Japanese Goods ffom 23 Aprill Onwards ‘Every man is accountable to his nation’s rise or fall’Our Company supports this saying.Therefore, in response to the curent public resentment,our Company has already made its resolution. Furthermore,our country faces imminent difficulties and turmoil.Members of our Company are also our nation’s countrymen,and how could they dare not follow the public’s steps?In addition to telegraphing our Japanese business counterparts about stopping business with them,we have,today, decided that from Thursday (23 April)onwards,all Japanese goods will be taken off the shelf and not be sold any more,despite the huge loss incurred.This is meant to show our determination to abandon business with the Japanese.Nevertheless,we hope that our patriotic public could,if they have any far-sighted plans for benefiting business and promoting Chinese goods,offer us their advice anytime, so as to enable our Company to acquire help in making progress in our business.This is what we eagerly hope for through making this announcement.Your understanding is humbly requested. |
SOURCE B
The following is adapted from a news article published in Hong Kong on 21 May 1919.
The auction sale of the wreck of a Japanese steamship*had to be abandoned this morning,owing to there not being a single bidder present.In the ordinary way,at such sales there is a large attendance of Chinese anä bidding is usually active,which shows that an anti-Japanese boycott is in full swing, though being quietly operated.
A prominent Chinese businessman stated that although the Hongkong Chinese had decided to exclude the sale or purchase of Japanese goods,there was nothing in the nature of an organized campaign.‘We are living in a British Crown Colony’,the gentleman said,’and we realize that it would be unwise to take any action such as could be clased as an organized boycott,for it would put the British authorities in a rather awkward position. ’
The reporters were also told that the majority of recent contracts signed by Chinese contained a clause that no Japanese material of any description was to be used,and this appears to be typical of all the attitude of the Chinese business houses.
Wrecks ofships that have been damaged due to typhoon or hiting a sunken rock may be auctioned.
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(a) Which extract in Source A was more anti-Japanese in tone?Explain your answer with reference to Source A. (3 marks)
(b) Infer from Source B two characteristics of the Hong Kong Chinese merchants regarding their reaction towards the May Fourth Incident at the time.Support your answer with relevant chues from Source B. (4 marks)
(c) ‘Chinese in mainland China and Hong Kong shared similar views on major events that happened in China in the 20 century.’Do you agree?Explain your answet with reference to Sources A and B and using your own knowledge. (8 marks)
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2. Transformation of Japan after the Second World War
Study Sources C and D.
SOURCE C
The
following adapted Japanese magazine pubished
is
from an article in a
in 1956.
Post-war’is really a convenient term.News magazines would use the word to carelessly sunmarise certain chaotic phenomena that may not be related to the Second World War.We should release ourselves from the ‘post-war’consciousness quickly,focus on looking ahead to the future,and live on with the scar of defeat in war buried deep in our heart.In order to begin our next ten years,we cannot merely stick to the mentality of reviving the old Japan.This is especially obvious in handling our relationship with Korea.There are always people speaking with the tone of Seikanron*of the past.Not long ago,boasts like apan will not be defeated if it now launches military campaigns against Korea’still came out of the Japanese Diet.
Japan used to show off itself as a first-rate nation,a great power.Yet,apart from its military strength, t was nothing.After the War,the Japanese people often depict themselves as a third-or fourth-rate nation,probably with the intention of belittling themselves.However,there’s nothing bad about being a small country or third-rate country.For instance,small countries like the three northern European countries have established a high-quality standard of living that greatly surpasses ours.In this sense,the three northern European countries are indeed outstanding first-rate nations.The meaning of small nation’has changed.Therefore,we who haye graduated from ‘post-war’should accept the new meaning of small nation,and use it to grasp the new ideals for human wellbeing.
Farewell,ancient illusory dreams!
,Seikanron:a view during lapan’s Meij period advocatng the use of miliary force to open up Korea
.
SOURCE D.
The following is adapted from a speech made by the president of the Intemational Olympic Committee shortly before the opening of the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games.The 1964 Games were the first Olympics
held in Asia. venues built for the 1964 Games remain in use .
today
Olympic
Many sports
Next Saturday,in the National Stadium in Meiji Olympic Park,the 1964 Olympic Games will open. No finer facilities have ever been offered than those provided by our Japanese fiends.The Governor of Tokyo has estimated that preparatory expenditure will probably exceed three billion US dollars. The program of civic improvements of the Municipality for the next ten years has been advanced and huge sums have been spent in the construction of new hotels and other private buildings.Thus, citizens of Tokyo will enjoy living in a much more attractive and efficient city after the Games.
Why are our Japanese hosts interested in the Olympics and to warrant expenditure of over three billion US dollars?It is the same reason that led bomb-shattered London,world capital,even before the damage was repaired to undertake the 1948 Olympic Games as its first major project after the close of the disastrous World War.The Olympic Games have become and are generally recognized as the greatest of all international events.Olympic cities are set apart with a certain prestige that can be gained no other way and that is why at times there have been as many as seventeen submitting invitations to stage the Games despite the trouble and expense involved.
(a) Conclude from Source C one problem that might have hindered Japan’s development.Explain your answer with reference to Source C. (3 marks)
(b) Do you think that the author of Source C would have agreed to Japan’s hosting the Olympic Games,as mentioned in Source D?Explain your answer with reference to Sources C and D.
(4 marks)
(c) How important was the domestic factor in bringing about Japan’s economic miracle?Explain
your answer with reference to Sources C and D and using your own knowledge concerning
Japan’s historical development in the period 1945-80. (8 marks)
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3. The two blocs during the Cold War period
Study Sources E and F.
SOURCE E
The following is adapted from a cartoon published in a British newspaper in 1962.The original caption of the cartoon is Intolerable Having Your Rockets on MY Doorstep’,yelled John F.Kennedy on the left.The figure on the right is Nikita Khrushchev.
SOURCEF
The following table shows part of the budget of the US federal govermment in the period 1947-70.
| Average national
defence expenditure (in millions US dollars) |
Average national
defence as percentage of expenditure* |
Average surplus or
deficit {-) (in millions US dollars) |
Average gross
federal debt (in mikions US doflars) |
|
| 1947-1949 | 11687.7 | 33.9 | 4241.7 | 253930.0 |
| 1950-1952 | 27793.0 | 50.7 | -1275.3 | 257079.3 |
| 1953-1955 | 48265.7 | 67.1 | -5060.3 | 267380.3 |
| 1956-1958 | 44922.7 | 58.8 | 606.0 | 274870.3 |
| 1959-1961 | 48915.3 | 52.1 | -5135.0 | 290212.7 |
| 1962-1964 | 53500.7 | 47.7 | -5464.3 | 309770.3 |
| 1965-1967 | 60049.3 | 43.8 | -5764.3 | 330420.3 |
| 1968-1970 | 82038.3 | 44.2 | -12314.3 | 371791.7 |
*National defence took up 17%of total expenditure in 1940,before the USA joined the Second World War.
(a) What was the cartoonist’s view towards the USA?Explain your answer with reference to
Source E. (3 marks)
(b) How did the USA’s participation in foreign wars affect its budget?Explain your answer with
reference to Source F. (4 marks)
(c) Why did detente take place between the USA and the USSR in the late 1960s and 1970s?Explain your answer with reference to Sources E and F and using your own knowledge. (8 marks)
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4. Paris Peace Settlement and Europe in the 1920s
Study Sources G and H.
SOURCE G
The following is adapted from a cartoon published in a British newspaper in 1921.The caption of the cartoon is The Unsatisfactory Golden Egg’.
MODEL OF¹
GOLDEN EGG’
DESIRED
GERMANY
ERMA
SOURCE H
The following is adapted from a book written by Georges Clemenceau,French Prime Minister(1917-20), published in 1930.
| In the Paris Peace Conference,we(French representatives)said,’Germany ought to make good in full the material damage to persons and property.’Later,in January 1921,the French government estimated the damages caused by Germany to persons and property in France at 136 billion of gold marks.In May 1921 it had already dwindled to 68 billion.How much has France had out of Germany up to the present?Up to 1929,it was about 22 billion of gold marks.From 136 bilion of gold marks we have got down to 22,or one-sixth of the agreed amount.
Incredible,yet true!It is Germany,guilty of the greatest crime in the history of Europe,a crime premeditated,prepared,and caried out in broad daylight,who presents itself repressed at the tribunal of Europe and the civilized world and demanded terms favourable to it.Our current policy of incoherency will reduce the Treaty of Versailles to a state of nullity.Every day will see Germany requesting,demanding,to have its burdens lightened,and every day something of the burden of defeat will be transferred from Germany to France by the good graces of the Treaty’s executors. Does the French government become uneasy about this situation?Not at all,it carries on its work of peace at any price. |
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(a) What,in your opinion,was the main message of the cartoon in Source G?Explain your answer with reference to Source G. (3 marks)
(b) What was the attitude of Clemenceau towards the French government regarding its execution of the Treaty of Versailles?Explain your answer with reference to the language and arguments used in Source H. (4 marks)
(c) ‘As a factor in determining Europe’s international relations in the 1920s,the Treaty of Versailles became less and less important.’Do you agree?Explain your answer with reference to Sources G and H and using your own knowledge. (8 marks)
END OF PAPER
Sources of materials used in this paper will be acknowledged in the HKDSE Question Papers booklet published by the HongKong Examinations and Assesment Authority at a later stage.
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