香港考試及評核局2020年香港中學文憑考試历史英文試卷一

2020-DSE

HIST

PAPER 1

HONG KONG EXAMINATIONS AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY

HONG KONG DIPLOMA OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION 2020

HISTORY PAPER 1

8:30 am-10:30 am (2 hours)

This paper must be answered in English

INSTRUCTIONS

This paper consists of compulsory data-based questions.The maximum mark for each question is indicated in brackets after each question.It is a guide to the length of answer required,which may vary from one to a few short paragraphs.

2. Where a question is divided into a number of sub-questions,you MUST divide your answer into different parts accordingly.You risk mark penalties if you do not do so.

3. Write your answers in the answer book.Start each question (not sub-question)on a new page.

4. The topic covered by each question is indicated at the beginning of each question.

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Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority

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Not to be taken away before the end of the examination session

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Attempt all questions in this paper.

1. Colonial rule in Hong Kong

Study Sources A and B.

SOURCE A

The following table lists the members of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong in 1951.

	Official Title /Occupation	Name	Ethnic Chinese		Governor appointed
			Yes	No	Yes	No
President	Governor	Alexander Grantham		√
Official Members	Commander British Forces	Geoffrey Evans / Eric Mansergh		√ √	八
	Colonial Secretary	John Nicoll		√	√
	Attorney General	John Griffin/ Maurice Heenan / George Strickland		√ v	√
	Secretary for Chinese Affairs	Ronald Todd		√	√
	Financial Secretary	Geoffrey Follows / Arthur Clarke		√ √	√ √
	Director of Medical and Health Services	Issac Newton / Yeo Kok Cheang	√	√
	Chairman of Urban Council	Joseph Fehily / Patrick Sedgwick/ Kenneth Barnett		v	√ v
	Director of Public Works	Alexander Weir/ Theodore Bowring		√ √	√ √
	Director of Education	Douglas Cozier		√	√
Unofficial Members	Merchant	Chau Tsun-nin	√		√
	Merchant	Chau Sik-nin	√		√
	Lawyer	Leo D’Almada e Castro		√	√
	Merchan	Philip Cassidy		√	√
	Lawyer and Merchant	Maurice Watsor		√	√
	Merchant	Lawrence Kadoorie		√	√
	Merchant	Charles Terry		√	√
	Lawyer and Merchant	Lo Man-wai	√		√
	Merchant	Ngan Shing-kwan	√		√

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SOURCE B

The following is adapted from a memoir of Patrick Yu Shuk-siu,the first Chinese Crown Counsel in Hong Kong.

In 1951,the Legal Department had been looking for a local barrister who could speak as well as read and write Chinese to be the first Chinese Crown Counsel*.The head of the department told me that the police had been pressuring government to appoint a bilingual Chinese Crown Counsel to faciltate a better understanding and working relationship with the Legal Department.In the past years,both the crime rate and the number of criminal trials had steadily and alarmingly risen,thereby considerably increasing the workload of police officers briefing non-Chinese speaking members of the Legal Department.I told him candidly that I was very interested.I was told that there should not be any problem to my being granted expatriate terms by government

It was difficult for me to insist on first receiving a written confirmation of my appointment on my terms before I commenced work.As a Class One officer I was led to assume that appropriate government living quarters would be provided with my job.Living quarters was one of the distinguishing features in the employment of all expatriates.However,in December that year,after working for almost a month as Crown Counsel,I was advised that expatriate terms were not to be granted to me.The primary reason given was that otherwise the floodgates would be open to similar representations from other local employees.I was thus to be paid no more than a minimum flat salary without any living quarters,housing allowance and long leave with pay.I instantly submitted my resignation.I was requested to hold up my resignation,was convinced that the governor would intervene and grant me expatriate terms.However it was all to no avail.In December 1952 I finally quit government service

A Crown Counsel provides advice to the government concerning legal cases and acts as prosecutor.

(a) Infer from Source A two characteristics of Hong Kong’s political system in 1951.Explain your

answer with reference to Source A. (4 marks)

(b) With reference to the first paragraph of Source B,identify and explain one administrative

problem that the Hong Kong government faced in the early 1950s. (3 marks)

(c) ‘From 1951 until the end of colonial rule in 1997,Hong Kong had become better with respect to democracy and racial equality.’Do you agree?Explain your answer with reference to Sources A and B and using your own knowledge. (8 marks)

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2, China and Japan in the first half of the 20 century

Study Sources C and D.

SOURCE C

The following is adapted from an article by Ume Kenjiro,head of Japan’s Hosei University (University of

Law and Politics),published in 1905.

Last year,Fan Yuanlian from Qing China requested to see me and said,’China will carry out reforms.So far,students sent to Japan mostly study military science and education,but rarely study law and politics,which,however,are the essential subjects to study if China is to reform itself.In view of China’s current needs,it is almost impossible for students to spend more than six or seven years on such subjects.I now feel that we must set up an accelerated school for law and politics, preferably offering a one-year course,with summer holiday to be cancelled.’Regardless of how urgent it is,an accelerated course usually takes three to four years to complete.But considering Fan’s enthusiasm,our university provisionally decided to try out a one-year course.

Foreign Minister Komura has agreed to this.Ambassador Yang of Qing China has earnestly expressed his consent,and planned to appeal to provincial Governors-General and submit memorials to the Qing Emperor for sending students over to study.

SOURCE D

Extract A is adapted from a letter from Huang Xing to Inoue Kaoru,a Japanese politician,in January 1912. Extract B is adapted from a contract signed in February 1912 between the Provisional Government of the Republic of China and zaibatsu Mitsui,which was closely linked to Inoue Kaoru.

Extract A Now,China’s southeastern part has largely settled down,with cities of fourteen provinces flying the revolutionary army’s new flag,and people are happy.The Qing government is heartless,burning and killing everywhere,so that people earnestly wish to see the arrival of our army.In their petitions, people in provinces such as Zhili and Shandong all consider it regrettable that our army has so far failed to launch a northerm expedition.Yet,considering the fact that Yuan Shikai of the Qing govemment may be remorseful about his wrongdoings,we have agreed,for the time being,to have a truce of up to one month to see how peace negotiations may go.We have recently formed a new government of the Republic of China,and plan to notify various nations.If eventually a peace agreement cannot be reached,we have no choice but to settle matters by resorting to war.At this time when the new government has been set up,I earnestly request that you offer us financial help.In addition,I also hope that you can voice your support with regard to our government’s effort to raise funds through the Mitsui Company of your country. Extract B Mitsui Company will act for the Hanyeping Company to raise 2.5 million yen as a loan to the Republican Government. 2.The Daye Iron Mine will act as a collateral for the loan.All fees involved in foreign currency remittance*are to be determined by the Mitsui Company. 3.The above loan is good for one year;annual interest rate is 7%,payable every half year.

remittance:money that is sent or transferred to another party at a distance

(a) Conclude from Source C one problem that might have hindered modernisation efforts in China. Explain your answer with reference to Source C. (3 marks)

(b) How successful were the revolutionaries in overthrowing the Qing government by January 1912? Explain your answer with reference to Source D. (4 marks)

(c) ‘Japan did more good than harrm to China in the period 1900-45.’Do you agree?Explain your answer with reference to Sources C and D and using your own knowledge. (8 marks)

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Economic integration after the Second World War

3.

Study Sources E and F.

SOURCE E

The following is adapted from a cartoon published in a French newspaper in 1951 afer the treaty for forming the European Coal and Steel Community(ECSC)was signed.The goose represents Robert Schuman,French Foreign Minister at the time.The man sitting on the goose’s back is Konrad Adenauer, Chancellor of West Germany at the time.On each bag at the bottom left is written ‘coal’or’steel’;on each helmet at the right is written‘SS’,meaning Schutzstaffel,which was an elite military unit and a special police force in Nazi Germany.The caption is ‘The Goose with the Eggs of Steel’.

SOURCE F

The following is adapted from a document prepared by the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office in 1971 for the reference of the British Prime Minister regarding the debate over the European Economic Community (EEC).

1.Entry into the European Community would not of course affect the position of Monarchy.There are five other monarchs among the members and applicants.There is no question of any of these giving up their sovereignty.The Community will be a community of sovereign states. 2.In the Community all major decisions are taken by the Council of Ministers,on which we should be represented.Although the Treaties provide for majority voting on most matters,the member states recognise that it is not in practice possible to force another member state to act contrary to its vital national interests.

(a) How did the cartoon in Source E provoke fear towards Germany?Explain your answer with

reference to Source E. (3 marks)

(b) Is Source F meant to support or oppose Britain’s entry into the EEC?Explain your answer with two clues from Source F. (4 marks)

(c) ‘European economic integration was irresistible in the period 1945-2000.’Do you agree?Explain your answer with reference to Sources E and F and using your own knowledge. (8 marks)

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4. War and peace before the First World War

Study Sources G and H.

SOURCE G

The following table shows all the Nobel Peace Prize winners before the outbreak of the First World War. The Nobel Peace Prize is conferred on those who work for fraternity between nations,the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses.The Nobel Prizes (in physics,chemistry,physiology or medicine,literature and peace)were first presented in 1901.

Year	Winner	Nationality / Headquarters	Achievement
1901	Henry Dunant	Switzerland	Founder of the International Committee of the Red Cross*.
	Frédéric Passy	France	President of the French Peace Society,a founder of the IPU*.
1902	Elie Ducommun	Switzerland	Honorary Secretary of the PIPB.
	Charles Gobat	Switzerland	Honorary Secretary of the PIPB,Secretary General of the IPU.
1903	William Cremer	UK	Secretary of International Arbitration League,a founder of the IPU
1904	Institute of International Law*	Switzerland	Promoted international arbitration,as adopted in the two HCs
1905	Bertha von Suttner	Austria- Hungary	Honorary President of the PIPB,founder of the Austrian Peace Society
1906	Theodore Roosevelt	USA	President of the USA,negotiating peace in the Russo- Japanese War in 1904-5.
1907	Emesto Moneta	Austria- Hungary	President of the Lombard League of Peace.
	Louis Renault	France	Professor in International Law,a significant contributor to the two HCs.
1908	Klas Arnoldson	Sweden	Founder of the Swedish Peace and Arbitration League.
	Fredrik Bajer	Denmark	Honorary President of the PIPB.
1909	Auguste Beernaert	Belgium	Active peace promoter at the two HCs.
	Paul Henri Benjamin Balluet d’Estournelles	France	Founder of Committee for the Defense of National Interests and International Conciliation
1910	PIPB*	Switzerland	An organisation that coordinates and directs peace movements of different countries.
1911	Tobias Asser	The Netherlands	Initiator of the Conference on International Private Law at the Hague,co-founder of the Institute of International Law.
	Alfred Fried	Austria- Hungary	Founder of The Peacekeeping(a peace publication),a co- founder of the German Peace Society.
1912	Elihu Root	USA	First president of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
1913	Henri La Fontaine	Belgium	President of the PIPB.

*These bodies still exist and function today.

IPU-Inter-Parliamentary Union

PIPB-Permanent International Peace Bureau

HC-Hague Conference

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SOURCE H

The following is adapted from a cartoon published in a British magazine in 1912,when the Balkan Crisis was still ongoing.Edward Grey was then Secretary for Foreign Affairs of Britain.Sleeping Beauty is a Western fairy tale in which the princess falls into a deep sleep due to a curse cast upon her.Prince Charming then comes to her rescue to liberate her from the evil spell by kissing her.

PRINCE CHARMING AND THE SLEEPING BEAUTY

Sir Edward Grey(to Peace,adopting the language of

diplomacy):‘Wake up,Miss,if you please.’

(a)

(b)

(c)

Conclude from Source G two types of peacekeeping efforts which were caried out in the period. Explain your answer with reference to Source G. (4 marks)

What do you think was the cartoonist’s view towards the prospect of peace?Explain your answer with reference to Source H. (3 marks)

‘Peacekeeping was a stronger trend than military rivalry in the period 1900-14.’Do you agree? Explain your answer with reference to Sources G and H and using your own knowledge on Europe’s historical development in the above period. (8 marks)

END OF PAPER

Sources of materials used in this paper will be acknowledged in the HKDSE Question Papers booklet published by the Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority at a later stage.

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