香港考試及評核局2012年香港中學文憑考試通識教育Liberal StudiesDSE (英)試卷二

2012-DSE

LS

PAPER 2

HONG KONG EXAMINATIONS AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY

Answers written on this page will not be marked.

Answer one question only.

1. Consider the following source:

(a) ‘When considering developments of the transport infrastructure in Hong Kong,the interests of the whole of society should take priority over personal interests.’ To what extent do you

agree with this statement? Explain your answer. (10 marks)

(b) In the planning process of transport infrastructure projects,to what extent should the Hong

Kong Government allow other stakeholders to be involved?Explain your answer:

(10 marks)

Source A

Source B An extract from a book

Through what ways do you think globalization might influence

(a)

(b)

Chinese culture on the (8 marks)

what extent do you agree (12 marks)

mainland?Explain your answer.

‘Globalization causes Western culture to replace other cultures.’To

with this statement?Explain your answer.

Source A An extract from a newspaper on 3 July 2011

*A foetus refers to the unborn offspring in its later stage of development with the major organs partly formed

Source B

(b)

mainland mothers-to-be may abuse the genetic test (10 marks)

Discuss the social and ethical problems that may arise through the use of genetic testing

results in the future. (10 marks)

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 ≥25

(a)

in th

gins

ed

Sources of materials used in this paper will be acknowledged in the Examination Report and Question Papers published by the Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority at a later stage

answers.Candidates and teachers who were not involved in the marking process are advised to interpre their contents with care

people are expected to live longer;an overall trend of ageing population can be found,etc

●gives an answer which is not relevant to the questior

increasing the government’s burden on medical expenses and ‘fruit money’for the elderly ir

the long run,etc.

● provides a well structured and in-depth explanation

● gives an answer which is not relevant to the question

) justifies clearly and logically to what extent he/she agrees with the suggestion to legislate

for young people to provide financial support to their own parents with reference to the information provided and his/her own knowledge and concepts(e.g.,legislation,Chinese culture)in view of Hong Kong’s current situation;formulates his/her arguments on the basis of a detailed and critical evaluation of the pros and cons;e.g.

Points of agreement explains clearly and in detail his/her arguments with relevant and

valid examples;may construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points below or any other appropriate alternatives,e.g.

■ This forces young people to take care of their parents,helps maintain the tradition of filial piety and enhances social cohesion by encouraging young people to interac

with their parents;

■ The government should regulate the morality of people in order to alleviate socia

problems;

■ As it is made compulsory by legislation,it ensures elderly people will have enough

money for their living

■ It reduces the burden on the tax payers/society to take care of the elderly,etc

Points of disagreement:explains clearly and in detail his/her arguments with relevant and

valid examples;may construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points below or any other appropriate alternatives,e.g.

■ Some young people may not have enough income to support their parents.It

creates tension between the older and younger generations

■ Legislation may be unnecessary as most young people will follow the Chinese tradition of filial piety and take care of their parents.Rather,when young people are forced to provide financial support to their parents,the virtue of the Chinese

tradition may be played down in society

■ It is inappropriate to use legislation to regulate morality.The relationship betweer

parents and children may deteriorate if children are not willing to support thei

parents financially;

It is difficult to implement as the payment by children to parents cannot be checked and the administrative cost for the law enforcement would be huge,etc

provides a well structured,in-depth discussion,demonstrating a high level of critica

analysis

justifies the extent of his/her position by referring to the sources and basing answer on his/her knowledge;shows an understanding of the relevant knowledge and concepts and ar

ability to apply them where appropriate

Points of disagreement

explains his/her arguments with some relevant and valid examples may construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points above

or any other appropriate alternatives

attempts to justify his/her position by referring to the sources and basing answer on his/her knowledge,but lacks clarity/consistency;shows a partial understanding or is only able to apply relevant knowledge and concepts in a basic way

Points of agreement attempts to construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points

above or any other appropriate alternatives,but the explanation tc his/her arguments is superficial

Points of disagreement:attempts to construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points above or any other appropriate alternatives,but the explanation tc his/her arguments is superficial

provides a somewhat shallow discussion,which is not well structured and does not always articulate his/her ideas clearly

attempts to explain his/her position according to his/her knowledge(with or without referring to the source),but the explanation is too partial,e.g.,explaining with a wrong concept of legislation,Chinese culture,using irrelevant examples/information for

illustration,etc.

0 gives a shallow discussion with little organisation/without focus;expresses his/her ideas vaguely

● gives an answer which is not relevant to the question

causing respiratory diseases,increasing the risk of developing cancer,raising the public

medical and welfare expenses,etc.

question

gives an answer which is not relevant to the question

percentage coverage doubled the other policies;warning labels on cigarette packets and establishing smoke-free areas were policies showing the greatest increase;there was a small change in percentage for programmes for giving up smoking and bans on cigarette

advertisements,etc

control policies would be more effective in dealing with the public health risk of passive smoking in Hong Kong,e.g.

The data show that anti-smoking campaigns is the most popular policy,suggesting

its effectiveness.With the well-developed mass media and the popularity of the

Internet in Hong Kong,campaigns promoted through the media can reach a large

audience and can be more influential.The risk of passive smoking will be reduced

if fewer people smoke.On the other hand,bans on cigarette advertisements anc

taxation are not so widely adopted in the world.The effectiveness of the latter may

also be hindered by smuggling of cigarettes from the mainland

High tax on the purchase of cigarettes will pose a greater incentive for smokers to

quit smoking,especially those with lower economic status.Campaigns or

anti-smoking do not pose any actual effects on smokers.The establishment of smoke free areas cannot protect people from passive smoking at home.Hong

Kong,being a crowded city,may have the smoke-free areas close to those fo

smoking;

■ The establishment of smoke-free areas,e.g.,in restaurants and offices,makes it inconvenient for smokers and encourages them to quit smoking,safeguarding people from passive smoking.Some smokers may not be concerned about the expenditure on smoking even with the imposition of heavy tax on cigarettes,etc

in making an argument,shows an awareness of the limitation of the other policies

makes extensive and appropriate use of the sources and own knowledge/relevant concepts

(e.g.mandatory controls,behavioural changes)

provides a well structured,in-depth discussion,demonstrating a high level of critica

analysis

passive smoking in Hong Kong

in making an argument,shows some awareness of the limitation of the other policies makes appropriate but not extensive use of the sources and own knowledge

provides a well structured discussion,demonstrating some evidence of critical analysis though might lack detail in parts

shows little awareness of the limitation of the other policies

uses sources/own knowledge in a limited manner or sometimes inappropriately

provides a somewhat shallow discussion,which is not well structured and does not always

articulate his/her ideas clearly

in making an argument,shows no awareness of the limitation of the other policies

m makes very limited use of sources and own knowledge/relevant concepts (e.g.mandatory

controls,behavioural changes)

● gives a shallow discussion with little organisation/without focus;expresses his/her ideas vaguely

gives an answer which is not relevant to the question

know'(12%);with respect to performance of the organisations,less than half of the

respondents are satisfied(very satisfied and somewhat satisfied)with the performance of each of these political organisations;the data indicate that satisfaction level among Hong Kong people towards the functions of these political organisations is not high,and 12-34% of respondents do not know much about these organisations,etc

political organisations in Hong Kong,e.g.,political system: difficult for politica

organisations to run the government;political culture:people in Hong Kong in genera

prefer devoting their time to work and are not enthusiastic in political affairs,especially in joining political organisations;scale of organisations:the membership size of politica

organisations is still small at large,hence difficult for them to mobilise support;lack of resources:difficult for them to organise activities to promote their work to Hong Kong people;weak policy research capacity:difficult for them to provide valuable policy

alternatives;shortage of young talent:difficult for them to sustain growth;negative public image:difficult for them to convince the general public,etc

or with sufficient clarity

gives an answer which is not relevant to the question

justifies clearly and logically the extent to which he/she supports the statement with reference to the information provided and his/her own knowledge and concepts(e.g

effective governance,political organisations)in view of Hong Kong’s current situation formulates his/her arguments on the basis of a detailed and critical evaluation regarding perspectives for and against the statement;e.g.

Points of agreement: explains clearly and in detail his/her arguments with relevant and

valid examples;may construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points below or any other appropriate alternatives,e.g.

■ Political organisations help collect and reflect different opinions from people facilitating the government to formulate policies that cater for the needs/address the concens of different groups of people in society(e.g.environmental quality health care,social harmony,Hong Kong-mainland relations)

■ Political organisations recruit and train political talents,e.g.,in District Councils;

■ Political organisations help inform and raise the consciousness of the general public towards social,political or environmental issues and voice their opinions to the government.The participative political culture helps the government to establish more effective policies

Political organisations help monitor the government/make the governmen

accountable to the people,e.g.,through the Legislative Council and the pressure from the mass media,etc

Points of disagreement:explains clearly and in detail his/her arguments with relevant and valid examples;may construct arguments by drawing upon some of

the points below or any other appropriate alternatives,e.g

雪 Political organisations intensify political struggles within society,hence reducing

the concerns of the government towards the social well-being of citizens/economic development

Political organisations undermine the efficiency of legislation due to their different interests. Political conflicts among the organisations would undermine the

authority and governance of the government

■ Some political organisations might use non-institutional means to disrupt socia order,which might disharmonise the community and pose a huge obstacle for

governance;

■ Political organisations have diverse objectives and interests,which may undermine the efficiency of the government administration and intensify political conflicts,etc

provides a well structured,in-depth discussion,demonstrating a high level of critica analysis

justifies the extent of his/her position by referring to the sources and basing answer or his/her knowledge;shows an understanding of the relevant knowledge and concepts and ar ability to apply them where appropriate

Points of agreement explains his/her arguments with some relevant and valid examples may construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points above or any other appropriate alternatives

Points of disagreement:explains his/her arguments with some relevant and valid examples may construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points above

or any other appropriate alternatives

● provides a well structured discussion,demonstrating some evidence of critical analysis though might lack detail in parts

attempts to justify his/her position by referring to the sources and basing answer on his/her knowledge,but lacks clarity/consistency;shows a partial understanding or is only able tc apply relevant knowledge and concepts in a basic way

Points of agreement attempts to construct arguments by drawing upon some of the point

above or any other appropriate alternatives,but the explanation to

his/her arguments is superficial

Points of disagreement: attempts to construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points above or any other appropriate alternatives,but the explanation tc his/her arguments is superficia

provides a somewhat shallow discussion,which is not well structured and does not always articulate his/her ideas clearly

● attempts to explain his/her position according to his/her knowledge(with or withou

referring to the source),but the explanation is too partial,e.g.,explaining with a wrong concept of effective governance/political organisations,using irrelevant examples/ information for illustration,etc

● gives a shallow discussion with little organisation/without focus;expresses his/her ideas vaguely

● gives an answer which is not relevant to the question

valid examples’observations of Hong Kong;may construct

valid examples/observations of Hong Kong;may construct

■ Hong Kong being a pluralistic society,when formulating public policies,whicl

■ The loss suffered by a certain group of people in society in relation to the

justifies the extent of his/her position,basing answer on his/her knowledge;shows ar

understanding of the relevant knowledge and concepts and an ability to apply them where appropriate:

Points of agreement explains his/her arguments with some relevant and valid examples/

observations of Hong Kong;may construct arguments by drawing

upon some of the points above or any other appropriate

alternative

Points of disagreement explains his/her arguments with some relevant and valid examples

observations of Hong Kong;may construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points above or any other appropriate alternative

○ provides a well structured discussion,demonstrating some evidence of critical analysis though it might lack detail in parts

Points of agreement attempts to construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points

above or any other appropriate alternatives,but the explanation in support of his/her arguments is superficiai

Points of disagreement attempts to construct arguments by drawing upon some of the point

above or any other appropriate alternatives,but the explanation ir support of his/her arguments is superficial

provides a somewhat shallow discussion,which is not well structured and does not always articulate his/her ideas clearly

□ attempts to explain his/her position according to his/her knowledge,but the explanation is too partial e.g.,explaining with a wrong concept of interest of the whole society,using irrelevant examples/information for illustration,etc

● gives a shallow discussion with little organisation/without focus;expresses his/her ideas vaguely

gives an answer which is not relevant to the questior

justifies clearly and logically the extent of the general public involvement that the Hong

Kong government should allow;formulates his/her arguments on the basis of a detailed and

critical evaluation with regard to different perspectives;shows an in-depth understanding

and an appropriate application of the relevant knowledge and concepts(e.g.,public

involvement)in view of Hong Kong’s current situation,e.g.

Supporting points: explains clearly and in detail his/her arguments with relevant and

valid examples/observations of Hong Kong;may construc

arguments by drawing upon some of the points below or any other

appropriate alternatives,e.g.,

Since transport infrastructure projects require a large amount of public money,in the process of policy-making,a democratic and responsible government should listen tc

the opinions of the general public;

The project would be more feasible and legitimate as the planning would be more comprehensive after taking different opinions into account;

■ The interests of different stakeholders should be taken into account by incorporating them in a multi-channel consultation process or consultation committees,so as tc

protect the rights of the minority,etc

Opposing points: explains clearly and in detail his/her arguments with relevant ana

valid examples/observations of Hong Kong;may construct

arguments by drawing upon some of the points below or any other appropriate alternatives,e.g.

■ It is difficult for the whole society to reach a consensus,and may result in more arguments and conflicts among different stakeholders;

■ Various stakeholders may focus on their own interests and needs,neglecting the long term development of society

■ Public consultations take a long time and may result in delay of the projects

Kong,etc.

provides a well structured,in-depth discussion,demonstrating a high level of critica analysis

● justifies his/her position,basing answer on his/her knowledge;shows an understanding of the relevant knowledge and concepts and an ability to apply them where appropriate

Opposing points

alternatives

explains his/her arguments with some relevant and valid examples/ observations of Hong Kong;may construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points above or any other appropriate

alternatives

attempts to justify his/her position by basing answer on his/her knowledge,but lacks clarity! consistency;shows a partial understanding or is only able to apply relevant knowledge and

concepts in a basic way:

Supporting points attempts to construct arguments by drawing upon some of the point

above or any other appropriate alternatives,but the explanation i support of his/her arguments is superficial

Opposing points attempts to construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points

above or any other appropriate alternatives,but the explanation in support of his/her arguments is superficial

provides a somewhat shallow discussion,which is not well structured and does not always articulate his/her ideas clearly

attempts to explain his/her position according to his/her knowledge,but the explanation is too partial e.g.,explaining with a wrong concept of public involvement,using irrelevant examples/information for illustration,etc

● gives a shallow discussion with little organisation/without focus;expresses his/her ideas vaguely

gives an answer which is not relevant to the questior

■ Through the Internet–political influence:Western ideas of democracy might

challenge Communist political culture;cultural influence: Western culture can be brought by films,music;

Through economic activities by transnationals–social influence:Western lifestyle might transform traditional Chinese social and cultural values;economic changes: capitalist practices might weaken central planning over the economy or the mode of

state ownership of production;Western-style consumerism;

■ Through social and cultural exchanges (e.g.,visits and exchange studies)—cultural influence:Western practices and ideas are imported into the mainland through mutual contacts,etc.

provides a well structured,in-depth discussion,demonstrating a high level of critical analysis

● provides a well structured discussion,demonstrating some evidence of critical analysis, though it might lack detail in parts

explanation is too partial;some of the influences are irrelevant

gives a shallow discussion with little organisation/without focus;expresses his/her ideas

vaguely

● gives an answer which is not relevant to the question

● justifies clearly and logically the extent he/she agrees with the statement;formulates his/her arguments on the basis of a detailed and critical evaluation regarding perspectives for and against the statement;shows an in-depth understanding and an appropriate

application of the relevant knowledge and concepts(e.g.,globalization,replacement of culture),e.g.

Points of agreement explains clearty and in detail his/her arguments with relevant and

valid examples/observations of the world;may construct

arguments by drawing upon some of the points below or any other

appropriate alternatives,e.g,

■ Global culture is dominated by Western culture in many aspects,e.g.,fast food clothing,because Western culture is regarded as more superior and trendy;

■ Western culture is weakening indigenous cultures in many countries,e.g.,in China because of the opening up policy adopted by these countries;

■ Western culture dominates indigenous culture because western countries and businesses have more resources to promote their cuiture,etc

Points of disagreement explains clearly and in detail his/her arguments with relevant and

valid examples/observations of the world;may construcl

arguments by drawing upon some of the points below or any other appropriate alternatives,e.g.,

■ Global culture is not and cannot be dominated by Western culture,but rather it is a

mixture of cultures in the world

■ Indigenous culture is preserved and defended in schools and families in the

non-Western world;

■ Both Western and indigenous cultures are respected and promoted by many people in the modern world,etc

● provides a well structured,in-depth discussion,demonstrating a high level of critica analysis

● justifies his/her position basing on his/her knowledge;shows an understanding of the relevant knowledge and concepts and an ability to apply them where appropriate

Points of agreement explains his/her arguments with some relevant and valid examples/

observations of the world;may construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points above or any other appropriate

alternatives

Points of disagreement explains his/her arguments with some relevant and valia

examples/observations of the world;may construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points above or any other appropriate alternatives

● provides a well structured discussion,demonstrating some evidence of critical analysis though it might lack detail in parts

attempts to justify his/her position by basing answer on his/her knowledge,but lacks clarity/consistency;shows a partial understanding or is only able to apply relevant knowledge and concepts in a basic way:

Points of disagreement

explanation to his/her arguments is superficial

attempts to construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points above or any other appropriate alternatives,but th explanation to his/her arguments is superficial

● attempts to explain his/her position according to his/her knowledge,but the explanation is too partial e.g.,explaining with a wrong concept of globalization,replacement of culture, using irrelevant examples/information for illustration,etc.

gives a shallow discussion with little organisation/without focus;expresses his/her ideas vaguely

gives an answer which is not relevant to the question

■ Traditional Chinese culture values a son more highly than a daughter because the son will carry the family name and continue the family line/men remain as the family members after marriage;

■ Mainland’s one-child policy restricts the number of babies to be bom for each married couple,and given the restriction,many couples may opt for a son if they

have a choice

■ The genetic test lends itself to abuse by these couples who see this as a chance tc abort the foetus once the sex is discovered to be the less favourable one,etc

provides a well structured,in-depth discussion,demonstrating a high level of critica analysis

provides a well structured discussion,demonstrating some evidence of critical analysis, though it might lack detail in parts

provides a somewhat shallow discussion,which is not well structured and does not always articulate his/her ideas clearly

situation on the mainland

gives a shallow discussion with little organisation/without focus;expresses his/her ideas

vaguely

● gives an answer which is not relevant to the questior

situation on the mainland and in Hong Kong as examples,e.g.

■ If the general value of people in a society prefers a certain sex,the genetic test might be used as a selection method for the parents to have more control over the sex of the baby born.This action poses as a big ethical problem as human life is almos

downgraded to a commodity,its value determined by the personal preference of the couple involved or even the prevailing values of a society.This may lead tc

further discrimination towards the unfavoured sex

■ This possibility of choice may result in a great imbalance of the population of the two sexes. With this imbalance,related planning on schools,jobs,services of

different kinds,and public facilities etc.will also be affected.The imbalance in number of the two sexes may cause social problems such as the difficulties in

finding marriage partners and forming families

■ Unnecessary abortion itself is unethical because people will gradually despise life and further refuse to accept/discriminate those with physical/mental disabilities

etc

provides a well structured,in-depth discussion,demonstrating a high level of critica

analysis

provides a well structured discussion,demonstrating some evidence of critical analysis though it might lack detail in parts

provides a somewhat shallow discussion,which is not well structured and does not always articulate his/her ideas clearly

gives a shallow discussion with little organisation/without focus;expresses his/her ideas vaguely

● gives an answer which is not relevant to the questior

%