香港考試及評核局2014年香港中學文憑考試通識教育Liberal StudiesDSE (英)試卷二

· The Chinese government now controls oil and gas pipelines in Central Asia and the Middle

East. China has also invested heavily in building infrastructure in Africa and Central America. China has become the world’s leading exporter.It also surpassed the United States as the world’s biggest trading nation in 2012.

· China has become more active,more confident and more outspoken in the international scene. In 2009,China began to push for a major reform of the international monetary system.lt won approval for an increase in its voting rights in the lnternational Monetary Fund.China has signed up as a member of most inter-governmental organisations and large non-governmental organisations.It is a signatory to more than 300 multilateral treaties. China has affixed its signature to all the intermational treaties concerned with nuclear non-proliferation and arms control. China has proclaimed a nuclear weapons ‘no first use pledge.China has also contributed 20000 troops to United Nations peacekeeping.

Territorial disputes between China and its neighbours have escalated in recent years. Sino-Japanese relations are being damaged by the claims of the two countries to the Diaoyus. Disputes between China and several Southeast Asian countries in the South China Sea have also soared.The director of a defence policy research institute said,“China’s growing infuence in this region amid the country’s economic and military advances has annoyed the United States.The United States has resorted to containing China by forging ties with China’s neighbours,making the disputes more complicated.”

But he also has a wider aim.“I kidnap public space for a while …[The artwork]changes the volume of a public space.I really want people to look,to see public space from a different perspective,”he said.Besides passing on the know-how to a local team so they can repair the work if something goes wrong,the production process of Rubber Duck often unites people in a different way.

On the public’s overwhelming response globally,Hofiman said,”It shows that public art means a lot [to people]. The water in the world is a global bath tub.You and I are taking the same bath.”

Developers of the 29-storey The One shopping mall in Tsim Sha Tsui say they have toned down an LED advertising sign on top of their building,but owners of flats in a nearby 67-storey residential building say they will not be satisfied until it is ‘lights off’ altogether.Since the mall opened,flat owners say that the sign’s glare has scared off potential tenants and led to a 40%drop in rentals.

Resistance by vested interests in the tourism,advertising and property trades has hampered the work of a government-appointed task force on light pollution,a member of the task force says.He believes that an approach relying on voluntary actions of stakeholders is doomed to fail.“Without a law,nothing can be done,”he said.

■

even governance;

The Hong Kong government faces a legitimacy challenge which makes it difficult to gain trust and respect from the majority of Hong Kong people.As such,the

government cannot obtain recognition and loyalty from the general public of Hong Kong in its governance,etc

Calling for young people to promote social unity and to support the government shows that the government lacks sufficient support/recognition from young people and the problem of a divided society is critical in Hong Kong.As a result,socia harmony and stability is adversely affected,which poses difficulties for the

government to rule;

■ The demand from Hong Kong people for an honest and trustful Chief Executive

(CE)and a genuine universal suffrage in the CE election indicates that the CE is no representative enough and the credibility of the government is questioned. It reflects that the government has difficulties in gaining Hong Kong people’s trust and

respect in the process of governance,etc

● makes appropriate use of the points of relevance in the source

● makes use of some points of relevance in the source

● does not make use of evidence from the source

● gives an answer which is not relevant to the question

reflected in Source B,e.g.freedom of speech/procession as hinted by the number of publir order events and public safety/order as hinted by the number of prosecutions

explains clearly and logically the consequences of the potential conflicts over the two core values,e.g.Too much freedom of demonstration may lead to violence and chaos,while toc

much control for public safety/order may restrict the rights and freedom of expression of different interests/demands and political participation

explains and justifies clearly and logically whether the consequences (e.g.the relationshir between the police(law enforcement)and citizens(freedom of speech/procession),the

tension between social stability and interest/demand articulation)of the conflicts over the two core values are becoming more serious with appropriate and full use of the points of relevance in Source B,e.g

■ Candidates can argue that the consequences of the conflicts over the two core values are becoming more serious based on the sources,e.g.In general,the number of

public order events in which people were prosecuted shows a rising trend.As the

conflicts are getting more numerous,the consequences (e.g.social instability,socia

■ Candidates can argue that the consequences of the conflicts over the two core values are not becoming more serious based on the sources e.g.the increase in the

proportion of public order events in which people were prosecuted is small;the average percentage of public order events with prosecution is small,etc

⊙ provides a well-structured and in-depth explanatior

as reflected in Source B

explains and justifies whether the consequences of the conflicts are becoming more serious by referring to Source B,but does not explain fully or with sufficient clarity

● attempts to explain whether the consequences of the conflicts over the two core values are becoming more serious according to his/her knowledge(with or without referring to the

points of relevance in the sources),but the explanation is too partial;describes briefly some of figures in Source B,but fails to relate the figures to the consequences of the conflicts

gives an answer which is not relevant to the question

● explains and justifies clearly and logically the extent to which he/she agrees with this view, with respect to the points of relevance in the sources and his/her own knowledge and

concepts (e.g.political participation,quality of life)in view of the current situation in Hong Kong;formulates his/her arguments on the basis of a detailed and critical evaluation with

regard to different perspectives for and against the statement,e.g

Points of agreement (expressing their demands through processions and demonstrations helps

enhance the quality of life of Hong Kong people)

explains clearly and in detail his/her arguments with the points of

relevance in the sources and relevant and valid examples;may construct

arguments by drawing upon some of the points below or any other

appropriate alternatives,e.g.

The government will be better informed by collective actions of processions anc

demonstrations which gather a large number of people in the streets to express their demands loudly.The government will get a better sense of the urgency/seriousness of the problem when a certain number of people unite together to demonstrate their

dissatisfaction

圆 The government will be forced/under great pressure to adopt quick and remedial

actions to fix the policy problems in order to address people’s demands and prevent political crisis;

The government may formulate and enhance policies and measures (e.g.employee welfare,waste treatment)with reference to the demands of the public.As a-result

quality of life will be improved,etc

Points of disagreement:(expressing their demands through processions and demonstrations

does not help improve the quality of life of Hong Kong people explains clearly and in detail his/her arguments with the points of relevance in the sources and relevant and valid examples;may construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points below or any

other appropriate alternatives.,e.g

Processions and demonstrations may cause social split and instability which may

lead to the deterioration of quality of life in the long run(e.g.deterring overseas and local investments,adversely affecting the reputation of Hong Kong as a tourists

haven);

■ The government may think some processions and demonstrations as blackmails anc

irrational activities and therefore refuse to back down or compromise in the policy making process.As a result,some non-political,livelihood-related issues may not

be efficiently addressed

Processions and demonstrations may not be constructive activities to facilitate better

understanding,communication,trust and cooperation between the government and

people and to hammer out practical policy options.The government may formulate

policies with reference to the demands expressed by processions and demonstrations at the expense of the majority’s well-being,etc.

● provides a well-structured,in-depth discussion,demonstrating a high Jevel of critical analysis

0 justifies the extent of his/her position by referring to the sources and basing answer on his/her knowledge,but may not fully utilise them for supporting the arguments and may

provide a slightly limited discussion on the impact on quality of life;shows an

understanding of the relevant knowledge and concepts and an ability to apply them where appropriate:

Points of agreement explains his/her arguments with some points of relevance in the sources

and relevant and valid examples;may construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points above or any other appropriate alternatives

Points of disagreement: explains his/her arguments with some points of relevance in the sources and relevant and valid examples;may construct arguments by drawing upon some ofthe points above or any other appropriate alternatives

● attempts to justify his/her position by referring to part of the sources and basing answer on his/her knowledge,but lacks clarity/consistency/appropriateness;tends to explain the pros and cons of processions and demonstrations generally;makes little reference to the impact on quality of life;shows a partial understanding or is only able to apply relevant knowledge and concepts in a basic way:

Points ofagreement: attempts to construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points

above or any other appropriate alternatives,but the explanation to his/her arguments is superficial

Points of disagreement: attempts to construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points above or any other appropriate alternatives,but the explanation to his/her arguments is superficial

● provides a somewhat shallow discussion,which is not well structured and does not always articulate his/her ideas clearly

●

●

attempts to indicate his/her position according to his/her knowledge(referring to a limitec part of the sources or without referring to the points of relevance in the sources),but the explanation is too partial,e.g.explaining with a wrong concept of political participationv/ quality of life,using irrelevant/inappropriate examples/information for illustration

showing a very limited/misunderstanding of processions and demonstrations and their

impact on quality of life,etc.

gives a shallow discussion with little organisation/without focus;expresses his/her ideas vaguely

● gives an answer which is not relevant to the question

● makes correct,appropriate and full use of the sources available to determine whether they

support the statement

● explains and justifies clearly,logically and in detail whether the sources support the view with respect to the points of relevance in the three sources and his/her own knowledge and concepts(e.g.renewable energy resources,greenhouse gas emissions,social and

environmental impact);shows an in-depth understanding and an appropriate application of the relevant knowledge and concepts;formulates his/her arguments on the basis of a detailed and critical evaluation of the evidence shown in the sources with regard to the cost and benefits of wind power,e.g

The sources support the view:

explains clearly and in detail his/her arguments with the points of relevance in the sources;may construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points below or amy other appropriate alternatives,e.g

The effectiveness/efficiency of power generation by wind farms is low,though it does not emit as much greenhouse gases as other fuel-burning power plants.Source A indicates that wind power has a low capacity factor and incurs a high cost (especially,for generating electricity offshore).Therefore,it is not cost-effective tc

reduce greenhouse gas emissions by using wind power

The use of wind power will bring about environmental and social problems,e.g visual pollution,turbine noise,shadow flicker,ecological destruction,bird and bat kills.In Source B,the cartoonist presented the problems with the use of wind power by placing them on both sides of the balance,implying that there is no real choice

between costs and benefits

■ It can only contribute a small amount to the total electricity consumption in Hong Kong(Source C).Hence the use of wind power cannot offset a large amount of

greenhouse gas emissions from power generation by fossil fuels in Hong Kong,etc

The sources do not support the view:

explains clearly and in detail his/her arguments with the points of relevance in tht sources;may construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points below or amy other appropriate alternatives,e.g

emissions and atmospheric pollutants as shown in Sources A and C)in comparisor with other sources of electricity generation.In view of sustainable development,it is worthwhile to use wind power

■ Not all the costs in Source B would apply equally to offshore and onshore wind power generation.e.g.shadow flicker and turbine noise would not apply tc

offshore wind power plants and so offshore wind power generation brings about less negative impact than onshore wind power

■ The relative importance/significance of the costs/benefits shown in the sources is not equal.e.g.the benefits of wind power in reducing greenhouse gas emissions (Sources A and C),which is global in scale,might outweigh the local costs such as turbine noise and shadow flicker(Source B),etc

provides a well-structured,in-depth discussion,demonstrating a high level of critica analysis

makes correct and appropriate use of some of the data available

justifies whether the sources support the view by referring to the sources and basing answer on his/her knowledge,but the argument may not be comprehensive/in-depth in parts; shows an understanding of the relevant knowledge and concepts and an ability to apply them where appropriate:

The sources support the view: explains his/her arguments with some points of relevance in the sources;may construct arguments by drawing upon some of

the points above or any other appropriate alternatives

The sources do not support the view:explains his/her arguments with some points of

relevance in the sources;may construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points above or any other appropriate alternatives

provides a well-structured discussion,demonstrating some evidence of critical analysis, though might lack detail in parts

makes partial use of the data available and not always correctly

attempts to justify by referring to the sources and basing answer on his/her knowledge,but lacks clarity/consistency/does not weigh the costs and benefits shown in the sources shows a partial understanding or is only able to apply relevant knowledge and concepts in a basic way;constructs an argument as to whether the sources support the statement entirely on the number of costs/benefits identified:

The sources support the view: attempts to construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points above or any other appropriate alternatives,but the explanation to his/her arguments is superficial

The sources do not support the view:attempts to construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points above or any other appropriate

alternatives,but the explanation to his/her arguments is superficial

provides a somewhat shallow discussion,which is not well structured and does not always articulate his/her ideas clearly

fails to use the sources to determine whether the view is supported;may draw some wrong conclusions from the data

identifies/lists a few costs and benefits;attempts to explain his/her arguments according to his/her knowledge(referring to a limited part of the sources or without referring to the points of relevance in the sources),but the explanation is too partial,e.g.explaining with a wrong concept of renewable energy resources/greenhouse gas emissions/social and

environmental impact,using irrelevant/inappropriate examples/information fo

illustration,etc.

● gives a shallow discussion with little organisation/without focus;expresses his/her ideas vaguely

gives an answer which is not relevant to the question

compares and constructs a clear,logical and consistent argument as to whether each of the two suggestions by the concern group in Source C would be better for Hong Kong than

building an offshore wind farm,e.g

Purchasing nuclear power from the mainland VS building an offshore wind farm,e.g

■ Power generation by nuclear energy is more cost effective and reliable(as shown ir Source A).Nuclear energy can take up a greater proportion in the fuel mix in Hong Kong,further reducing the greenhouse gas emissions from coal/natural gas-fired power plants.With reference to the transmission of electricity from the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant to Hong Kong at present,it is feasible to increase the supply of electricity from power plants on the mainland,which is less expensive,and Hong Kong people may pay less for their electricity consumption

Although the greenhouse gas emissions from wind farms are as low as that from nuclear power plants,the construction and the operation of a wind farm will bring about other environmental and social impacts(e.g.the destruction of the marine ecosystem/landscape,bird and bat kills and shadow flicker).On the other hand,the possibility of radioactive fallout is low

Although the use of nuclear power can reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from coal/natural gas-fired power plants,it is not a renewable source of energy and the environmental risk is higher than that of wind farms,e.g.radioactive fallouts during the treatment of radioactive nuclear waste and nuclear accidents in the plants are fata and more destructive than the environmental impact brought by wind farms.If more nuclear power plants are constructed in Guangdong,people in Guangdong and Hong Kong will face a higher risk;

■ The construction and operation of wind farms within the territory are subject to tighter regulations and close monitoring. Hence,there could be more control on the environmental impact and safety,etc

Educating the public about energy saving VS building an offshore wind farm,e.g

Energy-saving habits can fundamentally reduce the demand for electricity,and thus reducing the greenhouse gas emissions from power plants and other human activities such as the use of motor vehicles.On the other hand,a wind farm can only generate a small amount of electricity,not replacing much of the traditional power sources.If the electricity consumption is not reduced,Hong Kong has to further increase the fue consumption,generating more greenhouse gases

国 Education of energy saving habits is a more environmentally friendly way of tackling the root of the problem.Wind farms impart negative impact on the environment by emitting a certain amount of greenhouse gases,even though at a much lower level than other power generation methods;

Even with the adoption of energy-saving habits,electricity consumption for

maintaining the basic daily life will increase with the population growth and economic development in Hong Kong. Therefore,a wind farm,a relatively

environmentally friendly and renewable energy resource is necessary

■ It takes a long time to educate people to change their values/habits/lifestyles.Or the other hand,using wind power will reduce the natural gas/coal consumption in power plants and it can take effect within a shorter time span,etc

● in making an argument,shows an awareness of the limitations of the measures which are no

preferred

● makes extensive and appropriate use of the sources and own knowledge/relevant concepts (e.g.greenhouse effect,effectiveness,behavioural changes)

●provides a well-structured,in-depth discussion,demonstrating a high level of critical analysis

drawing upon the sources and own knowledge,compares and provides a viable argument as to whether each of the two suggestions by the concern group would be a better way for Hong Kong,but the comparison may not be comprehensive/in depth/fully supported in

parts

in making an argument,shows some awareness of the limitations of the measures which are not preferred

makes appropriate but not extensive use of the sources and own knowledge

provides a well-structured discussion,demonstrating some evidence of critical analysis

though might lack detail in parts

explains his/her argument as to whether each of the suggestions by the concern group would be better,but with insufficient detail and/or clarity/without comparison/without referring to the current situation in Hong Kong;or provides a detailed and convincing argument as to whether one of the suggestions would be better for Hong Kong

● shows little awareness of the limitations of the measures which are not preferred

● uses sources/own knowledge in a limited manner or sometimes inappropriately

provides a somewhat shallow discussion,which is not well structured and does not always articulate his/her ideas clearly

● attempts to explain/lists the pros/cons of the suggestions/wind power,but the explanation is partial and/or inconsistent and/or based upon inaccurate knowledge or unwarranted

assumptions

● in making an argument,shows no awareness of the limitations of the measures which are not preferred

makes very limited use of sources and own knowledge/relevant concepts (e.g.greenhouse effect,effectiveness,behavioural changes)

gives a shallow discussion with little organisation/without focus;expresses his/her ideas

vaguely

gives an answer which is not relevant to the question

●

the proportion of female binge drinkers decreased with age.For male,it decreases from the age group of 25-34

the highest proportion of binge drinkers was found in the age group of 25-34 for male (15.6%)and the age group of 18-24 for female(4.6%).The lowest proportions were found in the age groups of 18-24 for male and 55-64 for female

the difference between male and female was significantly greater in the age group of

35-44

■ for all age groups,the percentages of binge drinkers were higher for male makes appropriate and full use of the source

● may not make use of evidence from the source

● gives an answer which is not relevant to the question

peer influence: young people are more likely to be influenced by peers as

mentioned by Sze.Hence,younger people are more likely to binge drink(as

indicated by the decreasing trend with age for female and for male from the age group of 25-34)as they do not have family commitments and have more chances for

social gatherings;

■ Mass media’s influence:young people like to imitate the characters in TV series and movies(as seen in Sze’s case).This may explain the higher proportion at a

younger age;

gender stereotyping:(as seen in Sam’s case)Being able to drink a large amount symbolises masculinity.Some male may try hard to conform to this stereotype (higher proportion of male binge drinkers).Female need to take care of their families after marriage(as said by May).This may explain the biggest drop in percentage from the age group of 25-34 for female;

occupational needs:(as reflected by the case of Ming)People with business

connections and working on the mainland are likely to have to follow the binge drinking culture.This may explain the peak for male in the age group of 25-34; health and safety concerns: The proportion of binge drinking decreases with age (as told by Hei).Female are more concerned of their personal safety(as said by Sze).This may explain a lower proportion of female binge drinkers,etc.

● draws extensively and appropriately on the sources to provide a clear explanation of the

pattern of binge drinking

● provides a well-structured,clear and in-depth elaboration

● draws on the sources,but not comprehensively

● provides a well-structured elaboration,though it might lack clarity/detail in parts

but the explanation is too partial;some of the reasons are irrelevant

uses the sources in a limited manner or sometimes inappropriately,e.g.showing discrepancies between the reasons and the sources

● gives a brief answer with little organisation/without focus;expresses his/her ideas vaguely

justifies clearly and logically whether he/she agrees that political stability is more important than economic development in order to increase China’s national strength supports his/her viewpoint by comparing comprehensively and weighing critically th relative importance of political stability and economic development;shows an in-deptt understanding and an appropriate application of the relevant knowledge and concepts (e.g political stability,economic development,governance,national strength)in view of the current situation on the mainland,e.g

Points of agreemen (political stability is more important than economic development tc

increase its national strength)

explains clearly and in detail his/her arguments with relevant ana valid examples/observations of the mainland;may construc

arguments by drawing upon some of the points below or any other appropriate alternatives,e.g

A politically stable China can strategically implement its long-term development plans and effectively allocate its resources for further development in various areas such as education,economy,national defense and scientific research. Without t politically stable environment,the economic development may be affected by

ineffective resource allocation,disruption of economic policies and loss of developmental direction as a result of power struggle and political conflicts

■ A politically stable China can arouse a stronger sense of nationalism/patriotism and strengthen people’s national identity;as such,China can effectively mobilise the citizens to achieve national goals,uphold territorial integrity and facilitate socia unity. If economic development is not accompanied by a politically stable

environment,a loss of public confidence in the government internally anc

internationally will possibly lead to political disunity and even separatism undermining the business and investment environment,etc

Points of disagreement (economic development is more important than political stability tc

increase its national strength

explains clearly and in detail his/her arguments with relevant ana valid examples/observations of the mainland;may construci

arguments by drawing upon some of the points below or any othe appropriate alternatives,e.g

Economic development is a prerequisite for economic growth which can generatt more resources for the Chinese government to achieve its national goals such as e higher social development level,technology advancement and military

modernisation,while political stability not supported by economic development wil possibly lead to a slow economic growth,and in turn a shortage of governmen funding to achieve national goals,internal instability and even scramble fo

resources

■ In the process of globalization,an economically strong China can maintain tht

momentum of sustained growth internally,allowing China to be influential in the world economic and political affairs as many countries need China’s capital anc investment.On the other hand,political stability without economic developmen support will possibly lead to a shortage of capital for investment and aid to other countries,thus lowering China’s world influence and weakening its contribution to

the global economic stability,especially in times of global recession,etc

provides a well-structured,in-depth discussion,demonstrating a high level of critica analysis

justifies the extent of his/her position,basing answer on his/her knowledge,but may not be comprehensive/in-depth/specific for the situation on the mainland in parts;shows ar understanding of the relevant knowledge and concepts and an ability to apply them where appropriate,but the level of understanding of one of the concepts(political stability o economic development)might be slightly lower

Points of agreement explains his/her arguments with some relevant and valid examples

observations of the mainland;may construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points above or any other appropriate

alternatives

Points of disagreement explains his/her arguments with some relevant and valid examples/

observations of the mainland;may construct arguments by drawing

upon some gf the points above or any other appropriate alternative

● provides a well-structured discussion,demonstrating some evidence of critical analysis though it might lack detail in parts

clarity/consistency;may only focus the discussion on the more important item;may

discuss the importance of economic development and political stability separately,withou

comparing their relative importance;shows a partial understanding or is only able to apply relevant knowledge and concepts in a basic way

Points of disagreement

attempts to construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points above or any other appropriate alternatives,but the explanation in support of his/her arguments is superficial

● attempts to explain some impact brought about by economic development or politica stability,without making reference to national strength;or explains how national strength could be increased by either economic development or political stability,but the

explanation is too brief;or indicates his/her position according to his/her knowledge,bu the explanation is too partial e.g.explaining with a wrong concept of political stability economic development/governance/national strength,using irrelevant examples

information for illustration,etc

gives a shallow discussion with little organisation/without focus;expresses his/her ideas vaguely

● gives an answer which is not relevant to the questior

0

justifies clearly and logically the extent to which he/she agrees with the statement formulates his/her arguments on the basis of a detailed and critical evaluation regarding

perspectives for and against the statement;shows an in-depth understanding and an appropriate application of the relevant knowledge and concepts(e.g.foreign relations inter-dependence,international competition)in view of the current situation on tht mainland,e.g

facilitate world stability;

explains clearly and in detail his/her arguments with relevant ana valid examples/observations of the mainland;may construci

arguments by drawing upon some of the points below or any other appropriate alternatives,e.g

China can act as a balancer to counter check the influence of the US in a bi-pola world which may enjoy a higher degree of world stability

■ China can provide more economic assistance to developing countries and capita investment in developed countries to sustain a stable growth of the world economy China can help solve international issues as a peace maker in the Middle East and a facilitator for North Korea’s abandonment of the nuclear programme,etc

Points of disagreement (Chinas increasing participation in international affairs cannot

facilitate world stability)

explains clearly and in detail his/her arguments with relevant ana valid examples/observations of the mainland;may construc

arguments by drawing upon some of the points below or any other appropriate alternatives,e.g

China’s increasing participation in international affairs may be perceived as an aggressive move to show its leadership in the Asian region,thus causing more tension with neighbouring countries such as Japan,the Philippines,and Vietnam China’s rise and increasing participation will challenge the major powers of the world in international affairs(such as the US and Russia),thus leading to more mistrust,conflicts and world instability:

China’s economic achievements and its subsequent economic dominance in globa economic affairs will lead to an over reliance on the Chinese economy,while a slow growth or collapse of the Chinese economy will bring about huge impact on the world economy,etc

● provides a well-structured,in-depth discussion,demonstrating a high level of critica analysis

justifies the extent of his/her position,basing answer on his/her knowledge;shows an

understanding of the relevant knowledge and concepts and an ability to apply them where appropriate;but the discussion of the relationship between China’s participation ir

international affairs and facilitation of world stability might not be comprehensive

in-depth in parts;may not clearly and specifically explain how China participates in more international affairs:

Points of disagreement

upon some of the points above or any other appropriate

alternatives

explains his/her arguments with some relevant and valid examples/ observations of the mainland;may construct arguments by drawing

upon some of the points above or any other appropriate alternatives

● attempts to justify his/her position by basing answer on his/her knowledge,but lacks

clarity/consistency;shows a partial understanding or is only able to apply relevant

knowledge and concepts in a basic way;may not explain clearly the relationship betweer China’s participation in international affairs and facilitation of world stability;may deny that China’s participation in more international affairs will facilitate world stability by jus putting forward other reasons for the enhancement of world stability,rather than providing an explanation for the denial:

Points of agreement attempts to construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points

above or any other appropriate alternatives,but the explanation in support of his/her arguments is superficial

Points of disagreement attempts to construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points

above or any other appropriate alternatives,but the explanation in support of his/her arguments is superficiai

● provides a somewhat shallow discussion,which is not well structured and does not always articulate his/her ideas clearly

●attempts to explain briefly participation in international affairs/world stability;attempts to indicate his/her position according to his/her knowledge,but the explanation is too partia e.g.explaining with a wrong concept of foreign relations/inter-dependence/internationa

competition,using irrelevant examples/information for illustration,etc

● gives a shallow discussion with little organisation/without focus;expresses his/her ideas vaguely

● gives an answer which is not relevant to the questior

● justifies clearly and logically the extent to which he/she agrees that Hong Kong people went to see Rubber Duck because it aroused their collective childhood memory;

formulates his/her arguments on the basis of a detailed and critical evaluation with regard to different perspectives;shows an in-depth understanding and an appropriate application of the relevant knowledge and concepts(e.g.collective memory,sense of belonging,peei influence)in view of the current situation in Hong Kong,e.g

Points of agreement explains clearly and in detail his/her arguments with relevant ana

valid examples/observations of Hong Kong;may construc

arguments by drawing upon some of the points below or any other appropriate alternatives,e.g

■ The appearance of Rubber Duck reminds people of different age groups of the smal plastic toy they possessed and played with during bath time when they were young; Rubber Duck has been a popular image used in clothing,stationery,and even in the media for a long time.Therefore,the gigantic Rubber Duck evoked visitors of different backgrounds the memories of their own childhood,no matter how much

the image of Rubber Duck was a part of their past;

■ This toy-like artwork may remind visitors of their memories of the toy-making industry in Hong Kong,toy-playing and fun time in their childhood.Joining the joyful crowd in viewing Rubber Duck may evoke childhood memories of festiva celebrations and Brands and Products Expo Fairs in the past,etc

Points of disagreement explains clearly and in detail his/her arguments with relevant ana

valid examples/observations of Hong Kong;may construc

arguments by drawing upon some of the points below or any other appropriate alternatives,e.g

■ Some people may never have the experience of owning or playing with a rubbei duck toy in their childhood.Also,the memory of Rubber Duck may not lead to the collective behaviour of seeing Rubber Duck as memory is individualised

■ Some people may visit Rubber Duck simply because of peer influence,the interests in photo-taking,the publicity created by the media or their curiosity to see the artwork from a foreign artist

■ The inconvenience for the visit/the crowded scene may not constitute a positive joyful experience to some people,thus overshadowing the evocation of childhood memories,etc

0 provides a well-structured,in-depth discussion,demonstrating a high level of critica analysis

● justifies the extent of his/her position,basing answer on his/her knowledge;shows an understanding of the relevant knowledge and concepts and an ability to apply them where appropriate;but the argument may not be comprehensive/in-depth/specific for the

situation in Hong Kong in parts:

Points of agreement explains his/her arguments with some relevant and valid examples/

observations of Hong Kong;may construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points above or any other appropriate

alternatives

Points of disagreement: explains his/her arguments with some relevant and valid examples/ observations of Hong Kong;may construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points above or any other appropriate alternatives

● provides a well-structured discussion,demonstrating some evidence of critical analysis though it might lack detail in parts

● attempts to justify his/her position by basing answer on his/her knowledge,but lacks clarity/consistency;explains the relationship between seeing Rubber Duck and childhood memory,but the explanation lacks clarity/detail and makes little reference to childhood memory;shows a partial understanding or is only able to apply relevant knowledge and concepts in a basic way;

Points of agreement attempts to construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points

above or any other appropriate alternatives,but the explanation in support of his/her arguments is superficial

Points of disagreement: attempts to construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points above or any other appropriate alternatives,but the explanation in support of his/her arguments is superficial

● provides a somewhat shallow discussion,which is not well structured and does not always articulate his/her ideas clearly

● attempts to explain briefly Rubber Duck/childhood memory;attempts to indicate his/her position according to his/her knowledge,but the explanation is too partial e.g.explaining with a wrong concept of collective memory/sense of belonging/peer influence,using irrelevant examples/information for illustration,etc.

● gives a shallow discussion with little organisation/without focus;expresses his/her ideas vaguely

gives an answer which is not relevant to the question

● justifies clearly and logically the extent to which he/she agrees with the statement formulates his/her arguments on the basis of a detailed and critical evaluation regarding perspectives for and against the statement;shows an in-depth understanding and ar appropriate application of the relevant knowledge and concepts(e.g.sense of belonging social cohesion,identity)in view of the current situation in Hong Kong,e.g

Points of agreement (collective memory is important in enhancing social cohesion in

Hong Kong

explains clearly and in detail his/her arguments with relevant ana valid examples/observations of Hong Kong;may construc

arguments by drawing upon some of the points below or any othei appropriate alternatives,e.g

■ Having a collective memory creates a sense of identification among residents of

Hong Kong.People love Hong Kong which is their home and will therefore seek to work together for a better future.Collective memory is also a common languagt linking the residents and the city

■ Collective memory can also create a strong sense of belonging and ownership

This will strengthen people’s sense of responsibility for the city and for fellow residents.People will be further united together by the loving feelings towards Hong Kong

■ Collective memory comes from a sense of shared history and culture.Collective memory unites people historically and culturally,resulting in a stronger sense of mission to the future of Hong Kong,etc

Points of disagreement (collective memory is not important in enhancing social cohesion in

Hong Kong

explains clearly and in detail his/her arguments with relevant ana valid examples/observations of Hong Kong;may construc

arguments by drawing upon some of the points below or any othe appropriate alternatives,e.g

■ Memory can be personal and subjective. Also collective memory will no

necessarily induce any particular collective action or behaviour,such as participating in and contributing to local affairs

Hong Kong is developing fast,a forward-looking attitude,instead of memories of the past helps enhance the social cohesion for tackling the existing and upcoming problems by collective wisdom;

■ People may be more interested in the practical issues of life.Social well-being

economic and social stability may be considered as more important factors tc enhance social cohesion than collective memory.Social cohesion may be created by a strong and well-organised government through appropriate policies,etc

provides a well-structured,in-depth discussion,demonstrating a high level of critica analysis

justifies the extent of his/her position,basing answer on his/her knowledge;but may not

fully utilise concepts/concrete examples in the discussion;the argument may not be comprehensive/in-depth in parts:

Points of agreement explains his/her arguments with some relevant and valid examples

observations of Hong Kong;may construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points above or any other appropriate alternatives

Points of disagreement explains his/her arguments with some relevant and valid examples/

observations of Hong Kong;may construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points above or any other appropriate

alternatives

● provides a well-structured discussion,demonstrating some evidence of critical analysis though it might lack detail in parts

collective memory enhances the social cohesion in Hong Kong by just putting forward other reasons for the enhancement of social cohesion,rather than providing an explanation for the denial;may make little reference to the Hong Kong context in the discussion

Points of agreement attempts to construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points

above or any other appropriate alternatives,but the explanation in support of his/her arguments is superficial

Points of disagreement: attempts to construct arguments by drawing upon some of the points above or any other appropriate alternatives,but the explanation in support ofhis/her arguments is superficial

provides a somewhat shallow discussion,which is not well structured and does not always articulate his/her ideas clearly

examples/information for illustration,etc

gives a shallow discussion with little organisation/without focus;expresses his/her ideas vaguely

gives an answer which is not relevant to the question

lighting on the quality of life in Hong Kong,with an in-depth understanding and an

appropriate application of the relevant knowledge and concepts(e.g.quality of life

concept of health,needs,respect for different ways of life)in view of the current situation in Hong Kong;justifies on the basis of a detailed and critical evaluation with regard tc different perspectives;recognises that the positive and negative impacts may not carry equal weighting,e.g.

It helps boost the economic development for the whole of Hong Kong and bring

about more job opportunities,thus enhancing people’s material life,e.g.stimulating the economy through tourism,late night shopping and advertising;boosting Hong

Kong’s image.The economic benefits brought about by night lighting are more

immense and benefit more people when compared to the impact of losses,such as t drop in rentals of buildings affected by the lighting and the loss of chances fo astronomical observation.The negative impact of excessive lighting on resident

is localised

■ It undermines the quality of the natural environment for the enjoyment of th

people in Hong Kong,e.g.causing disruption to wildlife;blotting out the stars

Due to the rising environmental awareness of people around the world,excessive night lighting may be considered light pollution and undermine the internationa image of Hong Kong,thus deterring tourists.Night lighting after business hours just adds to the costs instead of gaining profits

■ Night lighting is essential in the provision of a safer living environment for Hong Kong citizens.Only excessive night lighting may pose health impact on residents It may affect the health of citizens,e.g.posing a nuisance to residents,affecting the quality of sleep;etc

provides a well-structured,in-depth discussion,demonstrating a high level of critica analysis

in-depth/specific for the situation in Hong Kong;the perspective taken into consideration

is not wide enough

0 provides a well-structured discussion,demonstrating some evidence of critical analysis though it might lack detail in parts

instead of evaluating with reference to the context of Hong Kong;shows partia

understanding or is only able to apply relevant knowledge and concepts in a basic way provides a somewhat shallow discussion,which is not well structured and does not always articulate his/her ideas clearly

understanding of the impact/the current situation in Hong Kong

● gives a shallow discussion with little organisation/without focus;expresses his/her idea vaguely

● gives an answer which is not relevant to the questior

Difficulties in:

achieving consensus among the various stakeholders,resolving the conflicts among stakeholders.Different interest groups will voice out their opinions and fight for their rights in a pluralistic society.It is difficult and takes a long time to reach z

consensus;

■ determining what effective/appropriate strategy/policy to adopt to deal with the problem(e.g.legislation,providing incentives for business to reduce night lighting or switch off lights,voluntary action encouraged via advertisements and liaisor meetings with the business sector)

■ implementing/monitoring the strategy/policy the government decides to take(e.g

how to check against the intensity of lighting and determine the acceptable level of lighting,how to monitor whether companies abide by the regulation on the time of night lighting).A lot of manpower and administrative costs will be involved in

law implementation and the monitoring of night lighting,etc

● provides a well-structured,in-depth discussion,demonstrating a high level of critica analysis

pollution problem in Hong Kong with some relevant knowledge and concepts,but part of the explanation is not in-depth/specific for the situation in Hong Kong;may not

conceptualise and clearly categorise some of the difficulties

provides a well-structured discussion,demonstrating some evidence of critical analysis, though it might lack detail in parts

would encounter in tackling the light pollution problem in Hong Kong,but the analysis

might lack detail/tends to be general/tends to focus on certain perspectives (e.g.a certain

kind of difficulties,difficulties arising from the views!concerns of some stakeholders,the

technical issues related to the implementation,difficulties for the government tc

implement measures to tackle pollution in general);may not explain clearly how

difficulties may stem from various strategies the Hong Kong government may adopt tc

tackle light pollution;shows partial understanding or is only able to apply relevant knowledge and concepts in a basic way

● provides a somewhat shallow discussion,which is not well structured and does not always articulate his/her ideas clearly

● gives a shallow discussion with little organisation/without focus;expresses his/her ideas vaguely

) gives an answer which is not relevant to the question