大学英语四级预测二答案解析

大学英语四级六级电子版历年真题试题试卷听力原文答案解析word：https://www.ddwk123.cn/archives/68580

Model Test Two

 

Part I                              Writing                                           (30minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Importance of Change by commenting on the saying “If you’re prepared to adapt and learn, you can transform.” You should write at  least120 words but no more than 180 words.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Part II                             Listening Comprehension              (25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

 

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1. A)It will be disconnected for repainting.
   1. It has bonged for more than 168
   2. It will stop ringing for four
   3. It will stop ringing for four
2. A)To keep the famous timepiece
   1. To keep the clock working for future generations.
   2. To replace the bell of the famous timepiece.
   3. To reconstruct the building and the clock.

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3. A)They must show their personalities through
   1. They must wear almost all white.
   2. They must high white
   3. They must impress the crowd with their
4. A)He ranked the fourth in the
   1. He won the title in the
   2. He wore short white socks in the
   3. He wore a white headband with black

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5. A)A newly formed beach. C)The return of an old beach. B)The revived travel     D)The return of seaweed.
6. A)It began returning in
   1. It was coarse at
   2. It formed after a series of
   3. It began returning last
7. A) It is the western-most part of C) It has six Blue Flag beaches already.
   1. It is a part of D) It is rainy all year round.

 

Section B

Directions：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A) Look for a missing file.
   1. Mark “Confidential” on a file.
   2. Make a copy of a file. D)Circulate a file to the
9. A)A new chair
   1. A new watch
   2. A new desk
   3. A new cup
10. A) Because they found someone
    1. Because the man lost the key of the
    2. Because the woman lost a new design.
    3. Because the man lost the payment of this
11. A) Kind-hearted. B)              C) Strange.          D) Humorous.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A) B) Polite.                C) Creative.         D) Selfish.
13. A)She is sick of British
    1. She likes drinking
    2. She has been to Britain for four
    3. She doesn’t speak “please” so
14. A)Stupid. B)Friendly.             C)Terrible.           D)Considerate.
15. A)They use many words to say things.
    1. They apologize all the
    2. They keep a slight smile on their
    3. They put themselves in others’

 

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A)It is based on knowledge
    1. It is based on cognitive
    2. It is
    3. It is
17. A)Some teachers work together to teach one
    1. Different teachers see to music and physical
    2. The old pattern has been reformed to meet students’
    3. One teacher is primarily responsible for one
18. A)The preference for C) The teaching subjects.
    1. The teaching D) The teaching goals.

 

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A)Building cycle paths on the road.
    1. Publicizing the advantages of
    2. Providing facilities for cyclists.
    3. Raising fares of public
20. A)It is quicker and C) It doesn’t need any effort.
    1. It requires less D) It enables one to lose weight faster.
21. A)Cyclists have bigger C) Cyclists are slimmer.
    1. Cyclists suffer no D) Cyclists hardly catch a cold.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A) It is C) It is luxurious.
    1. It is D) It is fortunate.
23. A) It makes them cool and
    1. It is similar to the colour of the
    2. It gives a sense of being
    3. It indicates wealth and
24. A) It makes an environmentally friendly
    1. It attracts customers’ attention
    2. It implies growth and
    3. It imitates the colour of traffic
25. A) It was difficult to produce the dye in the
    1. It is the choice of many chocolate
    2. It was the colour used by royal families
    3. It makes products seem

 

Part Ⅲ          Reading Comprehension                         ( 40 minutes )

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for  each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

 

My co-teacher and I met in the parking lot before school and stared into my car trunk at the costumes and props we had gathered over the weekend. We  were giddy with  excitement  and nervous  because neither  of us  had 26 anything like this before.

The co-teacher, Alice, had found a book called Teaching Content Outrageously by Stanley Pogrow, which explained how secondary classrooms can incorporate drama into any content to 27 students in learning—incorporating the element of surprise, for example, or developing role-play or simulation experiences to teach content and standards. The book inspired us to change how we taught our seventh-grade language-arts students in a high-poverty school that 28 with test scores, especially reading and math.

The sense of urgency in the building was 29 ,and the pressure on teachers to increase student achievement was often 30 . The district required us to teach a curriculum 31 aligned with a 15-year-old reading textbook containing outdated articles about Ricky Martin, ice fishing, and cartography in a(n) that it was both condescending and 33 . But district personnel insisted that teachers use the textbook, citing evidence that it  brought up test scores.

 

The 34 curriculum, we decided, would never be enough to encourage our students to love  reading and writing. Therefore, Alice and I decided to take the 35 and apply Pogrow’s advice.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Corporate Ambitions: Amazon, the World’s Most Remarkable Firm, Is Just Getting Started

• Amazon is an extraordinary company. The former bookseller accounts for more than half of every new dollar spent online in America. It is the world’s leading provider of cloud computing. This year Amazon will probably spend twice as much on television as HBO, a cable channel. Its own-brand physical products include batteries, almonds, suits and speakers linked to a virtual voice-activated assistant that can control, among other things, your lamps and
• Yet Amazon’s shareholders are working on the premise that it is just getting started. Since the beginning of 2015 its share price has jumped by 173%, seven times quicker than in the two previous years(and 12 times faster than the S&P 500 index). With a market capitalization(市值)of some $400bn, it is the fifth-most-valuable firm in the world. Never before has a company been worth so much for so long while making so little money: 92% of its value is due to profits expected after
• That is because investors anticipate both an extraordinary rise in revenue, from sales of $ 136bn last year to half a trillion over the next decade, and a jump in profits. The hopes invested in it imply that it will probably become more profitable than any other firm in America. Ground for skepticism does not come much more fertile than this: Amazon will have to grow faster than almost any big company in modern history to justify its valuation. Can it possibly do so?
• It is easy to tick off some of the pitfalls(隐患). Rivals will not stand still. Microsoft has cloud-computing ambitions; Walmart already has revenues nudging $500bn and is beefing up online. If anything happened to Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s founder and boss, the gap would be exceptionally hard to fill. But the striking thing about the company is how much o a chance it has of achieving such unprecedented
• This is largely due to the firm’s unusual approach to two dimensions of corporate life. The first of these is time. In an era when executives routinely whinge about(发牢骚)pressure to produce short-term results, Amazon is resolutely focused on the distant horizon. Bezos emphasises continual investment to propel( 推 动 )its two principal businesses, e-commerce and Amazon Web Services(AWS),its cloud-computing arm.
• In e-commerce, the more shoppers Amazon lures, the more retailers and manufacturers want to sell their goods on Amazon. That gives Amazon more cash for new services—such as two-hour shipping and music—which entice more shoppers. Similarly, the more customers use AWS, the more Amazon can invest in new services, which attract more A third virtuous circle is starting to whirl( 迅速旋转)around Alexa, the firm’s voice-activated assistant: as developers build services for Alexa, it becomes more useful to consumers, giving developers reason to create yet more services.
• So long as shareholders retain their faith in this model, Amazon’s heady valuation resembles a

 

self-fulfilling prophecy. The company will be able to keep spending, and its spending will keep making it more powerful. Their faith is sustained by Amazon’s record. It has had its failures—its attempt to make a smartphone was a debacle. But the business is starting to crank out( 快速大量地制造)cash. Last year cashflow(before investment)was $16bn, more than quadruple the level five years ago.

• If Amazon’s approach to time-frames is competitors, as too is the sheer breadth of its activities. The company’s list of current and possible competitors, as described in its annual filings, includes logistics firms, search engines, social networks, food manufacturers and producers of “physical, digital and interactive media of all types”. A wing span this large is more reminiscent of a conglomerate( 大型联合企业)than a retailer, which makes Amazon’s share price seem even more bloated: stockmarkets typically apply a “conglomerate discount” to reflect their
• Many of these services support Amazon’s own expansion and that of other companies. The obvious example is AWS, which powers Amazon’s operations as well as those of other firms. But Amazon also rents warehouse space to other It is building a $1.5bn air-freight hub(中心)in Kentucky. It is testing technology in stores to let consumers skip the cash register altogether, and experimenting with drone deliveries to the home. Such tools could presumably serve other customers, too. Some think that Amazon could become a new kind of utility: one that provides the infrastructure of commerce, from computing power to payments to logistics.
• And here lies real problem with the expectations surrounding Amazon. If it gets anywhere close to fulfilling them, it will attention of For now, Amazon is unlikely to trigger antitrust(反垄断的)action. It is not yet the biggest retailer in America, its most mature market. America’s antitrust enforcers look mainly at a firm’s effect on consumers and pricing. Seen through this lens, antitrust enforcers look mainly at a firm’s effect on consumers and pricing. Seen through this lens, Amazon appears pristine(处于原始状态的). Consumers applaud it; it is the most well-regarded company in America, according to a Harris poll.(AWS is a boon to startups, too.)
• But as it grows, so will concerns about its power. Even on standard antitrust grounds, that may pose a problem: if it makes as much money as investors hope, a rough calculation suggests its earnings could be worth the equivalent of 25% of the combined profits of listed Western retail and media firms. But regulators are also changing the way they think about technology. In Europe, Google stands accused of using its clout as a search engine to extend its power to adjacent businesses. The comparative immunity from legal liability of digital platforms—for the posting of inflammatory content on Facebook, say, or the vetting of drivers on Uber—is being chipped
• Amazon’s business model will also encourage regulators to think differently. Investors value Amazon’s growth over profits; that makes predatory pricing more tempting. In future, firms could increasingly depend on tools provided by their biggest rival. If Amazon does become a utility for commerce, the calls will grow for it to be regulated as one. Shareholders are right to believe in Amazon’s potential. But success will bring it into conflict with an even stronger beast: government.

36. Amazon has formed sound circles that push its e-commerce, AWS and Alexa voice service
37. There is less chance of American government filing an antitrust lawsuit against Amazon because of its scale as a retailer and customers’ positive
38. The two potential perils faced by Amazon come from its competitors and its leader Jeff Bezos respectively. 39.Amazon used to sell books online, but now the company has expanded its business scope into providing

cloud computing and manufacturing its own physical products.

40. It’s believed that Amazon will offer infrastructure of commerce with its AWS, rental warehouse space, logistics center in Kentucky, checkout-free shopping technology and drone
41. The development of Amazon and the changing attitude of regulators towards technology will possibly bring Amazon antitrust trouble in the
42. Amazon’s executives haven’t experienced the same pressure as their counterparts in other companies due to Amazon’s forward-looking strategy about continuing investing in e-commerce and

 

43. Amazon remains so high in market value for so long but so small in profit that no other company in history can match with
44. Despite Amazon’s setback in making smartphones, this business is now turning a
45. The investors’ double expectations for Amazon suggest that it is likely to become the most profitable company in

 

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

 

Think today’s kids want to be doctors or lawyers? No. YouTube stardom( 明 星 )it the number one dream career for young people today, at least according to a widely publicized survey by a British newspaper.

The appeal is obvious: Some 20-somethings are making millions by playing video games or sharing beauty tips online. But the pressure of having to endlessly produce original content that makes them look accessible, transparent, and authentic has proven too much for some people, including Essena O’Neill. The former social media figure went public in her posts about experiencing symptoms of depression and anxiety from living an overexposed life.

Living professionally online has also been a challenge for 24-year-old Lauren Riihimaki. Six million people follow her YouTube channel, LaurDIY, which covers topics ranging from home decorating to her adoption of a lovely little dog.

Most of these stars are between the ages of 20 and 26. Unlike movie stars or rock stars, these videostars do most of their work themselves. They’re responsible for everything from developing an idea, to physically producing it, to starring in it , to directing it, to editing it, to programming it, to promoting and marketing And to keep their hungry audiences satisfied, they should be doing all that at least twice a week.

That’s why Lauren Riihimaki came close not just to burning out, but breaking down. She has overcome and pushed the boundaries of her anxiety so insanely since she started YouTube. She sees a psychologist and she’s on medication(药物治疗). And that’s been working for her.

Dana Julian, a Los Angeles psychologist, says one of the hardest things about managing life as a YouTube  star is making a career out of something that can be an addiction. Anyone with a Facebook, Twitter or Instagram account is familiar with the rush to show off. But now, imagine it magnified(放大)by millions of clicks, likes and followers.

For YouTube stars, when they’re clearly overwhelmed, they should be told to get offline for a while. Stop being a brand. Take some time, just to be a person again.

46. Why is YouTube stardom the number one dream career for young people? A)They prefer to share their beauty secrets
47. They consider it the best way to make a
48. They are attracted by the way to make a
49. They wish to become well-known and
50. What do we know about Essena O’Neill?
    1. She suffered from anxiety because of her love
    2. She pretended to be authentic and
    3. She was overburdened with debt and
    4. She might not be a social media star any

 

48. What can we conclude about Lauren Riihimaki?
    1. She has adopted more than one little
    2. She is on the edge of chaos and
    3. She has become sensitive and
    4. She is making progress with the help of an
49. Comparing to movie stars or rock stars, video stars probably .
    1. have more skills
    2. work longer hours
    3. have to be stronger
    4. have fewer audiences
50. According to Dana Julian, young people dream to be video stars because of .
    1. interest B)vanity                          C) enlightenment         D) curiosity

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

 

For decades, biobanking has been held up as an essential research tool. While few doubt the scientific value  of having catalogues of well-characterized tissues, cells, and other samples, these research platforms have also generated a significant amount of legal and moral controversy, especially in the context of consent and the control of research samples.

Throughout the world, billions of public and private dollars have been invested in biobanks and millions of individuals have been asked to donate biological material and personal information. But, at the same time, there remains deep uncertainty about fundamental legal and moral norms.

Legal scholars have argued that the most commonly used form of consent—that is, broad or open consent—does not adhere to relevant legal norms, which would seem to require a more comprehensive and  specific approach to the consent process. Because the details of future work cannot be known, this approach  means providing research participants with far less information than is traditionally disclosed(披露)in the case of specific consent.

It is true that many studies have consistently found that, for the most part, the public supports biobanking initiatives and trusts the research community. But that support and trust are fragile. There are many social forces, such as the increasing involvement of industry in biobanking initiatives, which could erode public confidence. In addition, there are a number of social trends that may heighten public interest in the control of human biological material. Research ethics controversies can have a profound erect on public perceptions and consent policy.

An emerging interest in biorights, though not widespread, could also challenge the existing approaches of biobanking. Indeed, areas such as genetics(遗传学)and stem cell research receive a great deal of positive coverage in the popular press, including reference to the economic potential of the work.

Within the scientific community it has become widely accepted that biobanks are an indispensable research tool, essential for picking out complex gene-environment interactions. There is little doubt that biobanking is here to stay. But we need to recognize that despite decades of academic debate, fundamental legal and moral challenges remain.

51. As to biobanking, what do people doubt about?
    1. The permission and control of
    2. The donation of biological
    3. The scientific value of research
    4. The elementary legal and moral
52. What is one of the disadvantages of broad consent comparing to specific consent?
    1. It follows more
    2. It requires more

 

1. It reveals less
2. It conforms to fewer legal

53. The word “fragile”(Line 2, Para. 4)most probably means .
    1. delicate B) illogical                  C) persistent         D) damaged
54. What can be inferred from the passage?
    1. The future of biobanking seems to be bright and promising.
    2. Stem cell research has become the focus of biobanking
    3. People have shifted their interest to biorights instead of
    4. The economic potential of biobanking research should be
55. What dies the author think of biobanking?
    1. It is a vital research tool that researchers cannot do
    2. Despite its significance, some problems still need to be
    3. It explores the functions of human genes and
    4. The controversy about biobanking will continue for a long

 

Part Ⅳ             Translation                                            (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into

English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

中医（Traditional Chinese Medicine）有五千多年的历史，是中国古代劳动人民几千年对抗疾病的经验总结。中医学运用阴阳理论来解释人体的生理和病理现象。阴阳和五行是中医的理论基础。中医使用中药、   针灸（acupuncture）以及许多其他治疗手段，使人体达到阴阳调和。虽然在西方医学和中医之间仍然有很大的鸿沟，但目前传统中医已经遍布世界 160 多个国家和地区。有人甚至戏称中医是中国的第五大发明。

Key to Model Test Two

 

Part I       Writing

高分范文

精彩点评

The Importance of Change ① If you’re prepared to adapt and learn, you can transform.” is a proverb that is being widely talked about, which indicates that change is of utmost importance. ② Change is conducive to one’s growth and improvement in many ways. ③ On the one hand, change endows us with a whole enchanted palace of thoughts, which provides us with a wider prospect and more innovative ideas to locate a problem and fix it. ④ On the other hand, the competition in modern society actually is the competition of knowledge, competence and talented people. Only those who change and emancipate their minds can keep pace with the time and maintain a competitive edge. ⑤ By all accounts, it’s time to put special emphasis on the importance of stopping being stuck in a rut. ⑥ Moreover, what reinforces my sense of change is that the only thing constant is change itself, which is a kind of icing on the cake of life and makes it more colorful and no longer drab. ⑦Don’t believe it? Why not have a try?

①开门见山引出引言，并解释其含义——表明改变的重 要性。 ②过渡句，点明改变对个人成长和进步具有重要意义。 ③④用 On the one hand…和 On the other hand…分析改变的重要性：赋予人们发现问题和解决问题的新思路； 使人们在快速发展的当今社会保持竞争力。 ⑤总结上文，点明写作主旨：我们不应该一成不变。 ⑥以“世界上唯一不变的就是变化”再次强调改变的重 要性。 ⑦呼吁大家积极做出改变。加分亮点 Indicate 表明 Utmost 极为重要的 Conducive 有助于……的endow sb. with…赋予某人…… emancipate 解放，革新 be stuck in a rut 一成不变 icing on the cake 锦上添花 drab 乏味的，单调的

 

 

 

Section A

Part II           Listening Comprehension

 

News Report On

 

People from London like to call the ringing of Big Ben “bongs.” They mark the start of a new hour.(1)The bell, known as “Big Ben” in London, started making its bongs 158 years ago. But beginning on August 21, it will go silent for four years. The bell will ring for the last time at 12 noon. The bell will be disconnected from the clock as crews launch a major repair project in the tower. The clock, however, will continue to tell the time, silently. The only time people in London will hear  the bells will be on Remembrance Sunday, which falls on November 12th this year, and New Year’s Eve.

The renovation project will cost about $ 40 million, said Steve Jaggs. He is known as “The Keeper of the Great Clock.”(2)Jaggs said the goal is to keep the building safe and the famous timepiece working for future generations to enjoy. The clock faces and many of the clock’s moving parts will be taken apart and cleaned.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1. What does the speaker say about Big Ben? D)
2. What the purpose of the renovation project? B)

News Report Two

(3)Tennis players must wear almost all white at Wimbledon. That includes shorts, shirts, hats, dresses, shoes and socks. But when they get to New York in the late summer for the US Open, they let their personalities come out through their clothing.

On Monday night, Maria Sharapova played in her first major tournament in over a year. She was suspended for taking a banned drug in early 2016. She impressed the crowd with a shiny black dress. The dress shined because it was embedded with crystals. Among the male players at the tournament, people are talking about the clothing worn this week by Alexander Zverev from Germany.(4)Zverev was the fourth-ranked player in the tournament. Tennis experts thought he could win the

 

title. Against Darian King of Barbados, Zverev was wearing a tennis outfit similar to the one worn by Swedish star Bjorn Borg in the 1970s. He had a white headband with thin stripes holding back his long hair. He wore a similarly styled shirt and even completed the throwback look with high white socks. Tennis players have not worn those socks since the early 1980s. Zverev said his look was designed by singer Pharrell Williams.

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3. What can we learn about tennis players at Wimbledon? B)
4. What can we learn about Zverev? A)

News Report Three

(5)Many people on an island in western Ireland are excited. They are celebrating a new beach. But actually, it is the return of an old beach. The people live in Dooagh, a small community on Achill Island. Older residents of Dooagh remember travelling down to the coastline and walking on the sand. But during a storm in the 1980s, the beach was washed away. All that remained were rocks, seaweed and small pools of water. In recent weeks, the beach returned.

Sean Molloy works for the Achill Island Tourist Office. (6)He told reporters that the sand began returning to Dooagh Bay last year. He said the water seemed brighter because there was more sand below. Then this year, after a series of storms in April when the wind was blowing hard, the sand appeared along the coastline. Residents woke up one morning after low tide to see 300 meters of soft sand.

Achill Island is one of the western-most parts of Europe.(7)A bridge connects the island with the rest of Ireland. Sean Molloy said he hopes the beach becomes the sixth Blue Flag beach on Achill Island.

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5. What makes residents of Dooagh excited? C)
6. What did Sean Molloy say about the beach? D)
7. What can we learn about Achill Island? B)

Section B

Conversation One

W: (8)John, are you sure you haven’t seen the missing file? I could have brought it into this office with some other files.

Please have a look everywhere. It’s marked “Confidential” and it has a limited circulation.

M: Oh, Mary. Do go away. I’ve got much worse troubles than a lost file.

W:But it’s serious.(9-1)The file has got all the details of the new desk range. Mr. Parker says if anyone copied copied our designs, it could put the work on the new desks back at least a year! (9-2)And we’re supposed to be launching them at the International Office Equipment Exhibition.

M: Mary, please, something much worse has just happened. W:Why, what’s the matter?

M: (10-1)I’ve got the security officer coming up in a minute. It’s just a matter of a loss of $ 300 in cash. W:Oh, on! When did that happen, and how?

M: (10-2、11-1)Somebody came in this morning, bought $300 worth of office furniture and paid in cash.

W:(11-2)How odd. Don’t most people pay by cheque?

M: Yes, usually, well, there was no one in the Accounts Department, so I went to get the key of the safe. When I got back, the money had gone.

W:How terrible, John. Is it your responsibility? Will they expect you to replace the money? M: Well, I haven’t got $30, let alone $300… Oh, here’s the security officer now.

W:Oh, before you start, I’m afraid I have to report the loss of an important file. It’s a very serious matter.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. What does the woman want the man to do for her? A)
9. What will the speakers’ company launch at the International Office Equipment Exhibition? C) 10.Why is the security officer coming up soon? D)
10. What does the woman think of the person paying in cash? C)

Conversation Two

 

M: Hi, everyone, today we’re going to talk about British politeness.(12)Lots of people think that the British are very polite.

I think it’s quite old-fashioned. London certainly doesn’t feel very polite in rush hour in the morning.

W: I think one thing that makes people think we’re polite is that we say “please” and “thank you” a lot. I don’t think people say “please” and “thank you” so much in other places.

M: Really?

W: (13)Yeah. My Spanish friend said that when she first came to visit Britain, when she went to a café, she’d say “A  coffee.” not “A coffee, please.” That’s because in Spain, people don’t say “please” so often. For me, it feels quite rude, quite impolite, if you don’t say “please” when you ask for something in a shop.

M: (14)Yeah, but it can get silly sometimes, saying “please” and “thank you “ all the time. Anyway, just saying “please” and “thank you” a lot doesn’t mean you’re polite. I think London feels quite impolite.

W: Well, capital cities are often very different from the rest of the country. The other thing my friend thought was funny about English is our polite language, like, “Excuse me, I’m very sorry, but I wonder if I could ask you a question.”—that kind of thing.

M: (15)Yeah, we seem to use a lot of words to say things when we want to be polite. But that’s polite language—does that mean that we’re really more polite than people in other countries? I have to say, I don’t really think we are, actually.

W: To be honest, I don’t either. I don’t really think the British are especially polite. It’s probably the same everywhere— some people are very polite—and some people are not so polite.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. What do foreigners generally think of British people according to the man? B)
13. What does the woman say about her Spanish friend? D)
14. What does the man think of saying “please” and “thank you” all the time? A)
15. What do British people usually do when they want to be polite? A)

Section C

Passage One

Primary or elementary education is the first years of formal, structured education that occurs during childhood. In most Western countries, it is compulsory for children to receive primary education.

Primary education generally begins when children are four to seven years  of age.(16)The division between primary  and secondary education is somewhat arbitrary, but it generally occurs at about twelve years of age. Some educational systems have separate middle schools for that period. Primary and secondary education together are sometimes, in particular, in Canada and the United States, referred to as “K-12” education.

Typically, primary education is provided in schools. The child will stay, in steadily advancing classes, until they complete it and move on to secondary schools. Children are usually placed in classes with one teacher who will be primarily responsible for their education and welfare for that year. This teacher may be assisted to varying degrees by some teachers  in certain subject areas, often music or physical education.(17)The continuity with a single teacher and the opportunity to build up a close relationship with the class is a notable feature of the primary education system. Over the past few decades, schools have been testing various arrangements which break from the one-teacher, one-class pattern.

The major goals of primary education are establishing foundations in science, geography, history and other social sciences.(18)The relative priority of various areas, and the methods used to teach them, are an area of considerable political debate.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard

16. What can we learn about the division between primary and secondary education? C)
17. What is an important feature of the primary education system? D)
18. What is an area of political dispute over primary education? B)

Passage Two

Most of us know that the risk of getting ill is reduced when we look after ourselves. Taking regular exercise has proven to be good for our health. Scientists have found that the risk of getting cancer and heart disease is reduced when we  take part in physical activity. Now they’ve found cycling to work is one of the best activities to do this. The five-year study of

 

250,000 UK commuters also showed walking had some benefits over sitting on public transport or taking the car.

Cycling to work is already popular in many cities across the world. (19)Some forward-thinking authorities have built cycle lanes to make the commute safer, as well as providing secure places to lock them up. Some companies also provide facilities for their employees to get changed and cleaned up when they arrive at work. It all makes good sense. According to people surveyed in this study, regular cycling cut the risk of death from any cause by 41%, the incidence of cancer by 45% and heart disease by 46%.

For me, cycling to work is quicker and cheaper than using public transport and it’s my only form of exercise.(20)And whereas going to the gym to lose a few pounds takes effort and commitment, cycling just become part of the work routine.

But what exactly is it that is making cycling a much healthier option? The research found it wasn’t the result of weight loss.(21)It could be that cyclists are leaner and have lower levels of pain in the body.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. What is one of the measures forward-thinking authorities have taken to promote cycling? A)
20. What is an advantage of cycling comparing to going to the gym? B)
21. What makes cycling a healthier choice? C)

Passage Three

Take five colours: red, black, blue, green and purple. How do they make you feel?

Red is, of course, considered fortunate in China.(22)Studies have indicated that red “raises blood pressure,” and claim that it stands out from other colours. Hemingway says it appears to be “coming towards you,” and so is useful for  emergency and alarm signs, and also for conveying “urgency” in general.

Black has a different sense. In the West, it’s associated with death, but that hasn’t stopped it becoming a mysterious colour. Hemingway says it’s the colour of luxury brands: things like “designer watches” are often black.

Blue, by contrast, is cool and peaceful. The colour is a constant presence in our lives, says Hemingway, being the colour of the sky and the sea.(23)That gives it an air of being reliable, which makes it a firm choice with “banks and corporations.” Hemingway says this is also why emergency services often choose the colour.

Green is, unsurprisingly, the colour of nature and the environment.(24)Giving a product green packaging creates the impression it is environmentally friendly. Hemingway also says that green is the colour of growth and movement: it’s used to indicate “go” on traffic lights.

Finally, we have purple, which is associated with valuable things.(25)In the past, purple dye was expensive because it was very difficult to produce, and it became the colour worn by royalty in many Western countries. These days, companies still use purple to make their product seem more exclusive, whether they’re selling chocolate or cigarettes.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. What is the feature of red according to studies? B)
23. Why do banks and corporations tend to choose blue? C)
24. What is the reason for green to be used for packaging? A)
25. What makes purple associated with valuable things? A)

 

Part Ⅲ  Reading Comprehension

Section A

选项归类

名词：A)attempt 努力，企图； D)extent  程度，长度； J)place 地方，职位；B)designated 危险，风险

动词：A)attempt 努力，企图； B)designated 任命，选定； C)engage 参与，吸引； H)overwhelming 使不知所措； I)persuade 说服，劝服； J)place 放置，安排 L)risk 使遭受风险； M)struggled 拼搏，奋斗； N) tried 尝试，努力形容词：B)designated 指定的，选定的；F)nonexistent 不存在的； G)obvious 明显的，易理解的；

H)overwhelming 难以抗拒的，巨大的；O)uninteresting 无趣的，令人厌倦的副词：E)innovatively 创新的； K)rigidly 严格地，僵化地

详解详析：

26. 答案：N) tried

 

详解：空格前是 had，再结合本句的时间状语 before 可知，此处是一个过去完成时的句子，因此空格处应填入动词的过去分词形式。通读下文内容可知，作者和同事爱丽丝采取了一种新的教学方式，而此处是说他们两个从前没    有尝试过类似的事情，故 N) tried 为本题答案。

27. 答案：C)engage

详解：分析句子结构可知，空格前 to 在 which 引导的非限制性定语从句中作目的状语，因此空格处应填入动词原形。该句提到，这本书解释了中学课堂应该如何把喜剧融入教学内容中，结合语境可知，这样做的目的是使学生参    与到学习过程中。故 C)engage“参与，吸引”为本题答案。

28. 答案：M)struggled

详解：分析句子结构可知，空格位于that 引导的定语从句中，该定语从句缺少谓语，因此空格处应填入动词并且能与 with 搭配使用。上文提到，这本书倡导中学课堂引入有趣的教学方式，让学生参与学习，因此此处是说这本书激励我们改变教学方式，重视学习兴趣，而不再让学生只为了考试成绩而挣扎奋斗，故 M)struggled “拼搏，奋斗” 为本题答案。

29. 答案：G)obvious

详解：空格前是 was，故空格处应填入动词的分词形式与 was 一起构成句子的谓语，或填入形容词作 was 的表语。根据常识可知，在传统的教学模式下，课堂学习往往只重视学习成绩，因此教学楼里很明显会有一种学习的紧迫感，    故 G)obvious“明显的，易理解的”为本题答案。

30. 答案：H)overwhelming

详解：空格前是 was，因此空格处应填入动词的分词形式与 was 一起构成句子的谓语，或填入形容词作 was 的表语。由于传统教学模式更多地重视学习成绩，因此对于老师来说，为了提高学生的学习成绩，他们必须承受巨大的    压力，故 H)overwhelming “难以抗拒的，巨大的”为本题答案。

31. 答案：K)rigidly

详解：分析句子结构可知，本句句子成分完整，故应填入副词修饰aligned。该句提到，教育部门要求他们教授的    课程必须与 15 岁的阅读教科书一致，其中包含了关于瑞奇·马丁、冰钓和制图学等过时的文章，可推测这种教学安排非常严格死板，故 K)rigidly“严格地，僵化地”为本题答案。

32. 答案：A)attempt

详解：空格前是冠词 a(n)，其后是不定式结构，故应填入名词，做介词的宾语。根据上文可知，教育部门让他们教授古板的课堂内容，其目的就是为学生提供与初级水平相匹配的读物。故 A)attempt 为本题答案，以表明教育部门这么做的意图。

33. 答案：O)uninteresting

详解：空格前是并列连词 and，因此空格处所填单词与 condescending 保持词性和意义上的一致，故应填入形容词。上文提到，爱丽丝所发现的书倡导老师运用趣味性的教学方式，此处作者说自己拒绝教授教育部门规定的教学内容，    并解释其原因就是这些内容没有趣味性，故 O)uninteresting 为本题答案。

34. 答案：B)designated

详解：空格前是定冠词 The，空格后是名词 curriculum，故空格处应填入形容词修饰句子的主语。上文提到，作者拒绝教授教育部门规定的教学内容，此处是说“他们认为教育部门所                                                                的课程不会让学生感受到阅读和写作的乐趣”，备选项中 B)designated “指定的，选定的”符合语境，故为本题答案。

35. 答案：L)risk

详解：空格前是定冠词 the，且前面有动词 take，因此空格处应填入名词作 take 的宾语。上文提到，普戈娄所写的书倡导趣味性的教学方式，这与教育部门所规定的教学内容相矛盾，而此处作者和同事打算采取普戈娄的教学理    念，很显然这是冒着得罪教育部门的风险，故 L)risk 为本题答案，take the risk 意为“冒险”。

 

Section B

语篇分析

本文主要分析了亚马逊取 得成功的原因及其成功背后所面临的风险	A)~D)段描述了亚马逊的成功并对其隐患进行了分析。
	E)~I)段从企业生命的两个维度——时间和业务范畴——对亚马逊的成功进行了分析。
	J)~L)段指出了亚马逊成功背后的真正风险：随着公司的发展，政府会对其严加监管。

 

详解详析：

详解：F)段末句提到，该公司的语音助手亚历克萨开始呈现出第三种良性循环：随着开发者为亚历克萨构建服务，    它对消费者更有用了，这让开发者有理由去创建更多的服务。由 A third virtuous circle 可知，该段还讲述了亚马逊的另外两个良性循环。该段第一、二句提到了亚马逊的第一个良性循环是在电子商务方面；第三句表明了第二个良性循环是在亚马逊的网络服务方面。由此可知，该段分别介绍了亚马逊呈良性循环的三个方面：e-commerce, AWS 和Alexa voice service。题干是对该段的概括总结，故 F)为答案。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

详解：J)段第二句指出，一旦亚马逊快要实现投资者们的预期，它就会引起监管机构的注意。然后画线部分的第二句进行了转折，表明亚马逊目前还不会触发反垄断行动。紧接着解释了两个原因：一是亚马逊还不是美国最大的零售商；另一个是亚马逊还不符合美国反垄断执法部门对企业考查的标准。由此可知，亚马逊作为零售商的规模还不是最大，并且消费者对其评价很好，故美国反垄断执法部门目前还不太可能对亚马逊提出反垄断诉讼。题干中的its scale as a retailer 和 customers’ positive comments 分别对应定位句中的 not yet the biggest retailer 和 Consumers applaud it,故 J)为答案。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

详解：D)段第一句表明亚马逊存在隐患。第二句和第四句列举了两个隐患：来自竞争对手和领导者的威胁。第三句则是以微软和沃尔玛为例进一步说明竞争对手造成的威胁。由此可知，亚马逊面临的两个隐患是由其竞争对手和领导者造成的。题干中的 potential perils 对应定位句中的 pitfalls; competitors 是对定位句中的近义词。题干是对定位句的概括总结，故 D)为答案。

 

详解：A)段第二句指出亚马逊以前在网上售书。第三句和末句则表示亚马逊如今还是云计算供应商和自有品牌的实体产品生产商。由此可知，亚马逊的业务范围由原来的卖书扩大到云计算和生产自有品牌的实体产品。题干中的used to sell books 和 providing cloud computing 分别对应定位句中的 The former bookseller 和 provider of cloud computing，故 A)为答案。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

详解：I)段第一句提到亚马逊提供的很多服务对亚马逊自身的发展以及其他公司的发展都有利。第二句以亚马逊网络服务为例讲述了云计算方面的服务；第三、四句以出租仓库和新建的肯塔基州航空货运中心为例介绍了物流方面的服务；第五句分别以免结帐购物技术和无人机送货上们为例讲述了支付和物流两方面的服务。第六、七句进行了总结，表明亚马逊提供的这些服务及有可能使其成为提供商务基础设施和公共事业。题干中的 rental warehouse space, logistics center 和 checkout-free 分别对应定位句中的 rents warehouse space, air-freight hub 和 skip the cash register。题干是对该段的概括总结，故 I)为答案。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

详解：K)段从两个角度分析了亚马逊将来可能面临反垄断调查的原因：前两句分析了一个原因，亚马逊的发展令人们对其影响力的担忧随之增长，并以亚马逊的预期收入为例进行说明；第三句分析了第二个原因，监管机构正在改变对科技的看法，并在接下来的两句中分别以谷歌和数字平台为例进行说明。题干中的 The development of Amazon 和the changing attitude of regulators towards technology 分别对应定位句中的it grows 和regulators are also changing the way they think about technology。题干是对该段的概括总结，故 K)为答案。

 

详解：E)段画线部分将其他公司的高管们和亚马逊的高管进行了对比，表明其他公司的高管们面临着追求短期结果的压力，而亚马逊却相反；紧接着具体解释了亚马逊的长远目标是持续投资以推动其两大主要业务。题干中的forward-looking 对应定位句中的 the distant horizon; continuing investing 是定位居中 continual investment 的同义转述, 故 E)为答案。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

详解：B)段定位句表明，此前从未有过一家公司能维持如此高的市值这么久，却赚取如此少的钱：其 92%的市值来自于 2020 年以后的预期盈利。题干中的 so high in market value 和 no other company in history can match with it 分别对应定位句中的 worth so much 和 Never before has a company; so small in profit 是定位句中的 making so little money 的同义转述，故 B)为答案。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

详解：G)段定位句表明，亚马逊也有过失败——它曾经尝试制造智能手机失败了，但当前该业务开始获得大量收    益，题干中的 setback 和 turning a profit 分别是对定位句中 debacle 和 crank out cash 的同义转述，故 G)为答案。

详解：C)段画线部分第一句指出，投资人对亚马逊的收入和利润两方面都有的预期；第二句中的 The hopes 指代第一句中的双重预期。由此可知，投资人对亚马逊的收入和利润两方面的预期暗示着其可能会成为美国盈利最高的一家公司。题干中的 suggest 和 is likely to 分别是定位句中 imply 和 probably 的同义转述；the most profitable company 对应定位句中的 more profitable than any other firm,故 C)为答案。

 

 

Section C

 

全文翻译：

Passage One

 

你认为今天的孩子想成为医生或者律师？不是的。（46-1）YouTube 明星是当今年轻人的头号梦想职业，至少根据一家英国报纸的一项广泛调查来看，情况是这样的。

（46-2）其实吸引力是显而易见的：一些 20 多岁的人正通过在线玩电子游戏或分享美容秘诀赚取数百万。（47） 但是，他们不得不无休止的制作那些看起来理解、透明和真实的原创内容，而这种压力对包括埃森娜·奥尼尔在内的一 些人而言都太大了。埃森娜·奥尼尔以前是社交媒体人，公开贴出了自己由于过度曝光生活而经历的抑郁症和焦虑症状。

 

网络职业生活对 24 岁的劳伦·里希迈基来说也已成为一个挑战。有六百万人关注她的 YouTube 频道：LaurDIY， 话题涵盖了从家居装饰到她领养一只可爱的小狗。

这些明星大多数都在 20 岁到 26 岁之间（.   49）与电影明星或摇滚明星不同，这些视频明星独自做大部分的工作。

他们负责所有事务：策划、制作、扮演、导演、剪辑、编程、推广和营销。为了让焦急等待的观众满意，这些事情    他们每周至少要做两次。

这就是为什么劳伦·里希迈基不仅疲惫，而且接近崩溃的原因。自从她开始 YouTube 直播以来，她已经几近疯狂的克服并突破了焦虑的界限。（48）她在看心里学专家，也在服用药物。这对她而言有效果。

（50）洛杉矶心理学家达娜·朱利安表示，作为 YouTube 明星，生活中最难处理的事情之一就是让某种不可能成瘾的事情成为自己的职业。任何拥有 Facebook，Twitter 或 Instagram 账号的人都很熟悉炫耀的冲动。但是，现在想象一下，正是数以百万计的点击率、点赞和粉丝将这种冲动放大了。

对于 YouTube 明星来说，当他们明显不堪重负时，应该被告知要离线一段时间。不要成为一个品牌。花一些时间，再次成为一个人。

详解详析：

46. 答案：C)

定位：由题干中的 YouTube stardom, number one 和 young people 定位到第一段第三句和第二段首句。

详解：事实细节题。由定位句可知，YouTube 明星是当今年轻人的头号梦想职业。接着，第二段首句指明原因， 其吸引力是显而易见的：一些 20 多岁的人正通过在线玩电子游戏或分享美容秘诀赚取数百万。由此可知，年轻人受到这种赚钱方式的吸引，因此想成为 YouTube 明星，故答案为 C)。A)“他们喜欢在线分享美容秘诀”在第二段第一句中提到“分享美容秘诀”，但这只是一种赚钱的方式，并不是原因，故排除；B)“他们认为这是最好的谋生方式”，此处为绝对表达，故排除；D)“他们想出名并致富”，文中只提到赚取数百万，并没有提到出名的问题， 故排除。

47. 答案：D)

定位：由题干中的 Essena O’Neill 定位到第二段第二至三句。

详解：推理判断题。定位句提到，他们不得不无休止的制作那些看起来易理解、透明和真实的原创内容，而这种压力对包括埃森娜·奥尼尔在内的一些人而言都太大了。接着指出，她以前是社交媒体人，公开贴出了自己由于过度曝光生活而经历的抑郁症和焦虑症状。由此推断，她现在可能不再是社交媒体明星了，故答案为 D)。A)“她因爱情生活而焦虑”，由定位句可知她的抑郁症和焦虑症状与爱情生活无关，故排除；B)“她假装真实、易接近”，    定位句提到他们不得不无休止的制作那些看起来易理解、透明和真实的原创内容，并未说她本身不真实、不易接近， 故排除；C)“她的债务和工作负担过重”，文中并没有提及债务，故排除。

48. 答案：D)

定位：由题干中的 Lauren Riihimaki 和各选项内容定位到第五段最后两句。

详解：事实细节题。文中第三段提到，网络职业生活对 24 岁的劳伦·里希迈基来说也已成为一个挑战。第五段继续对她的情况进行说明：她不仅疲惫，而且接近崩溃。最后定位部分指出，她在看心理学专家，也在服用药物， 这对她有效果。由此可知，她在专家的帮助下，症状有所缓解，故答案为 D)。A)“她领养了不止一只小狗”，文中并没有具体说她一共领养了几只小狗，故排除；B)“她处在困惑、混乱的边缘”，文章只提到她不仅疲惫，而且接近崩溃，并未提及困惑混乱等信息，故排除；C)“她变得敏感和疯狂”，文章提到自从她开始 YouTube 直播以来， 她已经几近疯狂的克服并突破了焦虑的界限，并非指她本人疯狂，故排除。

49. 答案：A)

定位：由题干中的 movie stars or rock stars, video stars 定位到第四段第二至三句。

详解：推理判断题，定位句提到，与电影明星或摇滚明星不同，那些视频明星独自做大部分的工作。接着具体说明他们负责的事务：策划、制作、扮演、导演、剪辑、编程、推广和营销。由此推断，一般而言，视频明星需要    掌握很多技能，故答案为 A)。B)“工作时间更长”，文中只提到了为了让焦虑等待的观众满意，这些事情他们每周至少要做两次，并未比较哪种明星的工作时间更长，故排除；C)“必须更为强壮”，文中没有提到强壮与否这个话    题，故排除；D)“观众更少”，文中只提到焦虑等待的观众，没有提及数量，故排除。

50. 答案：B)

定位：由题干中的 Dana Julian 定位到第六段。

详解：推理判断题。定位段提到，达娜·朱利安表示，作为 YouTube 明星，生活中最难处理的事情之一就是让

 

某种可能成瘾的事情成为自己的职业；接着指出，任何拥有 Facebook，Twitter 或 Instagram 账号的人都很熟悉炫耀的冲动；而正是数以百万计的点击率、点赞和粉丝将这种通报放大了。由此推断，许多年轻人热衷成为视频明星是出于虚荣心，故答案为 B)。A)“兴趣”，本项符合常识，但文中没有提及兴趣的问题，故排除；D)“启发”，文中并未提到视频明星受到什么启发，故排除；D)“好奇心”，文中并没有提到相关内容，故排除。

Passage Two

全文翻译：

（51-1）几十年来，生物银行作为必不可少的研究工具得以保存。虽然很少有人怀疑分类保存具有良好表征的    组织、细胞和其他样本的科学价值，但这些研究平台还是引起了大量的法律和道德争议，特别是在获得研究样本的    同意以及对研究样本的控制方面。

在世界各地，数十亿公共和私人资金已经投资于生物银行，数百万人被要求捐赠生物材料和个人信息。（51-2）    但与此同时，基本的法律和道德规范仍然存在着严重的不确定性。

法律学者认为，其最常用的同意形式——即广泛或公开的同意——并没有遵守相关的法律规范，因此似乎有必    要同意程序采用一种更全面和具体的方法。（52）由于未来工作的细节是未知的，因此这种方法意味着为研究参与者所 提供的信息远远少于在具体同意的情况下传统披露的信息。

确实，一直以来许多研究发现，在大多数情况下，公众支持生物银行业务举措并相信研究界。（53）但这种支持 和信任是脆弱的。有很多社会力量，例如企业越来越多的参与生物银行的行动，这可能会削弱公共的信心。此外， 还有一些社会趋势可能会增强人们控制人体生物材料的兴趣。研究伦理争议可能会对公共的认知和同意政策产生深远的影响。

（54）人们开始对生物权利感兴趣，虽然不具有普遍性，但也可能挑战生物银行的现行方式。事实上，遗传学和 干细胞研究等领域在热点新闻中获得了很多积极的报道，包括此类工作的潜在经济性。

在科学界内，生物银行是不可或缺的研究工具这个观念已被广泛接受，它对于弄明白复杂的基因-环境相互作用    至关重要。（55）毫无疑问，生物银行会延续下去。但我们需要认识到，尽管进行了几十年的学术论辩，但基本的法律 和道德挑战将会依然存在。

详解详析：

51. 答案：D)

定位：由题干中的 biobanking 定位到第一段第一句和第二段第二句。

详解：事实细节题。由定位句可知，几十年来，生物银行作为必不可少的研究工具得以保存；第二段第二句指出人们的质疑；基本的法律和道德规范仍然存在着严重的不确定性，故答案为 D)。A)“样本的同意和控制”，第一段第二句提到这些研究平台也引起了大量的法律和道德争议，特别是在获得研究样本的同意以及对研究样本的控制方面，这是人们争议的焦点，故排除；B)生物材料捐赠“，第二段指出在世界各地，数十亿公共和私人资金已经投资于生物银行，数百万人被要求捐赠生物材料和个人信息，这是发生的事实，不是人们的质疑的问题，故排除；  C)“研究样本的科学价值”，第一段明确提到很少有人怀疑分类保存具有良好表征的组织、细胞和其他样本的科学价值，本项与原文内容矛盾，故排除。

52. 答案：C)

定位：由题干中的 specific consent 定位到第三段第二句。

详解：事实细节题。定位句提到，由于未来工作的细节是未知的，因此这种方法（广泛或公开的同意）意味着为研究参与者提供的信息远远少于在具体同意的情况下传统披露的信息，故答案为 C)。A)“它遵循多种方法”，从文中可知，公开的同意只是一种方法，不涉及其他，故排除；B)“它需要更多的参与者”，文章只提到了为研究参与者提供信息，并没有提到人数的多少，故排除；B)“它遵循更少的法律规范”，第三段首句提到法律学者认为，    最常见的同意形式——即广泛或公开的同意——并没有遵守相关的法律规范，与规范多少无关，故排除。

53. 答案：A)

定位：由题干中的 fragile 定位到第四段第二句。

详解：语义理解题。定位句的前一句提到，一直以来许多研究发现，在大多数情况下，公众支持生物银行业务举措并相信研究界。接着定位句出现了转折词 But，随后作者就该句观点进行了解释说明：有很多社会力量，例如企业越来越多的参与生物银行的行动，这可能会削弱公众的信息。由此推断，公众对生物银行业务举措及研究界的    支持和信任是脆弱的，故答案为 A)。B)“不合逻辑的”，按照英文行文思路，作者在提到那种支持和信任不合逻辑之后，就会对不合逻辑进行具体解释说明，很显然该句之后的内容与逻辑不相关，故排除；C)“持久稳固的”，从

 

文中的 But 以及后面的内容可以看出，这与该段首句是转折关系，而非顺承或递进关系，故排除；D)“被破坏了的”，本项符合文中所在句子的上文语义关系，但下文中除了提及会削弱公众的信心，还提到一些社会趋势可能会增加人们控制人体生物材料的兴趣，研究伦理争议可能对公众的认知和同意政策产生深远的影响，可见这种支持和信任还远达不到遭受破坏的程度，故排除。

54. 答案：A)

定位：由题干及各选项内容定位到第五段。

详解：推理判断题。首句提到，人们开始对生物权利感兴趣；接着第二句指出：事实上，遗传学和干细胞研究等领域在热点新闻中获得了很多积极的报道，包括此类工作的潜在经济性。由此可知，人们对生物银行研究的兴趣    越来越大，出现了很多正面的宣传，看起来前途光明，充满希望，故答案为 A)。B)“干细胞研究成为生物银行研究的焦点”，文中只提到遗传学和干细胞研究等领域在热点新闻中获得了很多积极的报道，无法得出干细胞研究是重    点的结论，故排除；C)“人们的兴趣从研究转向生物权利”，该段首句提到人们开始对生物权利感兴趣，虽然不具    有普遍性，但也可能挑战生物银行的现行方式，第二句又举例说明生物银行研究领域的现状，显然两者不是非此即    彼的关系，故排除；D)“应该强调生物银行研究的经济潜”，文中没有提及应该重点关注其经济潜力的信息，故排除。

55. 答案：B)

定位：由题干中的 biobanking 和各选项内容定位到末段最后两句。

详解：推理判断题。定位句提到，毫无疑问，生物银行会延续下去；接着指出：但我们需要认识到，尽管进行了几十年的学术辩论，但基本的法律和道德挑战将会存在。再结合该段第一句可以判断，生物银行是重要的研究工    具，但也存在某些方面的问题需要解决，故答案为 B)。A)“它是重要的研究工具，研究人员离开它无法工作”，虽然首句提到在科学界内，生物银行是不可或缺的研究工具这个观念已被广泛接受，它对于弄明白复杂的基因-环境相互作用至关重要，但并未说它对所有研究人员都不可或缺，本项属于绝对项，故排除；C)“它研究人类基因和环境    的功能”，文中只提到对于弄明白复杂的基因-环境相互作用至关重要，并没有提到功能问题，故排除；D)“关于生物银行的争论将持续很长时间”，由该段最后一句可知，文中只涉及争论已经持续的时间，并未对将来持续的时    间进行预测，故排除。

 

 

参考译文

Part Ⅳ  Translation

 

Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)has a long history of more than 5,000 years. It is a summary of the experience of working people who struggle against diseases over thousands of years. In TCM theory. Yin and Yang are used to explain physiological and pathological phenomena of the body. The concepts of Yin-Yang and the five elements(metal, wood, water, fire and earth)laid a theoretical foundation for TCM. TCM uses traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture and many other therapies to make human body be harmony between Yin and Yang. Although there is still a huge gap between  Western and Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese medicine has been spread across more than 160 countries and regions around the world so far. Some even joke that TCM is the fifth great invention of China.

难点注释

1. 第一句比较长，为了避免译文宂余，可像参考译文那样将其翻译为两个句子。也可以将“中医”作主语，“是中国古代劳动人民几千年来对抗疾病的经验总结”作谓语，将“有五千多年的历史”译为 with 结构的状语成分，故本句还可译为“ With a long history of more than 5,000 years, traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)is a summary of the experience of…”。除此之外，还可将”有五千多年的历史“译为一个定语从句，即 “Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM), which has a long history of more than 5,000 years, is a summary of…”。
2. 第二句中，可以按照原文以“中医学”为主语，即“TCM theory uses Yin and Yang to explain…”,也可以像参考译文中那样以“阴阳”作主语，采用被动句式，即“In TCM theory, Yin and Yang are used to explain…”。
3. 第三句中，“是……的基础“可用短语 lay a…foundation for…或 serve as the basis for/of…来表达。
4. 第四句中，“使用……”可译为动词结构 use…，也可译为介词短语结构 by using…；“阴阳调和”可译为形容词短语， 表示一种状态， 也可将其译为动词短语 balance/regulate Yin and Yang 。因此， 本句还可译为“ TCM balances/regulates Yin and Yang inside human body by using traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture and many other therapies.”。
5. 第五句中，“很大的鸿沟“可译为 a huge gap。此外，如果采用意译法，有鸿沟意味着大不相同，因此第一个分句

 

还可译为“Although Chinese medicine is so different from Western’s。

6. 最后一句中，“戏称”可以像参考译文中那样译为动词结构 joke that…，也可译为 joke 的名词结构 there is a joke that…。

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