大学英语四级预测三答案解析

大学英语四级六级电子版历年真题试题试卷听力原文答案解析word：https://www.ddwk123.cn/archives/68580

Model Test Three

 

Part I                              Writing                                           (30minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options on how to go on your tour: one is to go on a package tour and the other is to go on a self-guided tour. You are to make a choice. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Part II                             Listening Comprehension              (25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

 

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1. A)Wait for the hurricane to stop. B) Call 911 for
   1. Leave their homes D) Turn to social media websites for help.
2. A)Their B) Their neighbors.
   1. Local fire D) A restaurant where they often had dinner.

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3. A) A piece of multi-use furniture for
4. A camera for watching children in another
5. A young boy’s daily life with his twin
6. A young boy rescuing his brother trapped under the
7. A) Playing with a new B) Trying to move a dresser.
8. C) Trying to climb to the top of a D) Climbing the wall in their bedroom.

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5. A)Icebergs float through these waters between May and B)Its fresh water comes from melting icebergs.
6. People can see icebergs from the coast.
7. There is a huge iceberg sitting on the
8. A) It has a population of 5,000people. B) Its pillar industry is
9. C) Its residents are good at D) It has only one small inn.
10. A)It will melt within 10
11. It will be pushed into the sea by ocean
12. It will be used as the background of
13. It will be pushed into the sea by local

 

Section B

Directions：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear

 

four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A) A single room. B) A double C)A family room.                  D)A suite.
9. A)He is here on a research mission. B) He is here for meeting
10. C) He is here for D) He is here on a business travel.
11. A) Free airport shuttle
12. A full continental buffet every
13. Use of the mini-bar in the room.
14. Room service provided by the hotel.
15. A) In the morning. B) In the
16. C) At D) Before midnight.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A) A lighting B) A movie maker.
13. A film and video D) A film director.
14. A) B) Challenging. C)Frustrating.                        D) Difficult.
15. A)There are no office hour limits. B)Employees are reluctant to work overtime. C)Employees work more than 16 hours a
16. Working overtime is very
17. A)They are much more B) They are socially great.
18. C) They are sometimes annoying. D) They are not so

 

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A)Cars and iron ore. B) Iron ore and
17. C) Animals and iron ore. D) People and
18. A) It includes three infrastructure
19. It has 24 operators to run the
20. It has no state-owned
21. It is a highly complex
22. A)He thinks British trains are the most punctual in the
23. He never complains to the Rail Passenger
24. He constantly encounters the poor train
25. He often complains about the poor train

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A)The trifles of daily
20. The basics of
21. The standards of
22. The feelings of romantic

 

20. A)It needs something C) It is the source of happiness.
21. B) It is highly demanding. D) It doesn’t exist in real
22. A)There are many ups and downs in life. C)People tend to think highly of themselves. B)It is hard to find a healthy     D) People have easy access to meeting strangers.

 

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A)They are liable to C) They are as smart as cats.
23. B) They like to smell D) They are independent.
24. A)Strong. B)                      C)Neat. D)Loyal.
25. A)They can be trained to deliver things. C) They can be used to work as police
26. B) They can be put to use guide dogs. D) They can be trained to help the
27. A)Evaluating dogs’ reaction to different B)Using dogs to discover early stage cancer. C)Examining dogs’ highly sophisticated sensor. D)Investigating the functions of dogs; noses.

 

Part Ⅲ          Reading Comprehension                         ( 40 minutes )

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for  each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

 

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

There’s something rotten in the state of women’s health. As this article is being written in July, Republicans  in Congress are 26 in a frenzied effort to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act(ACA)put in place by the Obama administration. At least  22  million  Americans  would  lose  medical  insurance  by  2026  under  the  latest 27 of this plan—which includes large cuts to Medicaid—and lack of insurance means more sickness and death for thousands, data show. These cuts 28 to affect women more than men—whether by removing  basic  health coverage, cutting maternity care or 29 limiting reproductive rights.

It’s time to take a stand against this war on women’s health. Current events are just the latest 30 in a long history of male-centric medicine, often driven not by politicians but by scientists and physicians. Before the National Institutes of Health Revitalization Act of 1993, which 31 the inclusion of women and minorities in final-stage medication  and therapy trials, women  were actively  32  from such tests because scientists  worried that female hormonal cycles would interfere with the results. The 33 ,meant women did not know how drugs  would affect them.

Whether or not the repeal-and-replace legislation passes this year, these 34 are part of a larger war on women’s health that is not likely to abate anytime soon. We must resist this assault. Never mind “America First”

–it’s 35 to put women first.

 

 

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

 

Motherhood Isn’t Sacrifice; It’s Selfishness

[A]I was taking a few weeks’ break from work over the summer. My family and I—my husband and my sons, then 9 and 7—planned to spend the time at our house on the New Jersey shore. When my mother asked what we would be doing on our vacation, I told her we would be together—going to the beach and the nearby amusement park, cooking, playing in the yard. In response, my mother said: “Oh, that’s not much of a vacation for you. I’ll bet you can’t wait to get back to work. Motherhood, it’s the hardest job in the world. All sacrifice!” “Really?” was all  I could say in response.

[B]I was looking forward to uninterrupted time with my boys. We would spend days by the ocean and take trips to the boardwalk, where they would scream with delight whole riding the roller coaster—the same one I’d ridden when I was their age, then ridden alongside them until Hurricane Sandy deposited it into the Atlantic. We’d ram one another with bumper cars; we’d ride the old-fashioned merry-go-round, waiting until my youngest son’s favorite horse, bright-blue Freddy, became available. Some days were sure to end in tears of exhaustion, but the tears didn’t outweigh the joy. Even on the bad days.

• My mother was only trying to be sympathetic to my life as a working mother, but the self-satisfied way she proclaimed the sacrificial nature of motherhood grated( 使 人 烦 恼 ). I don’t believe for one second that motherhood is the hardest job in the world nor that it is all sacrifice. Still, it wasn’t fair to blame her; she was merely parroting a common refrain. Once my annoyance lifted, in its place spread a kind of clarity that helped me to understand how these linguistic tropes(比喻)reinforce the disempowerment of mothers and women.
• The assertion of motherhood as sacrifice comes with a perceived glorification. A woman is expected to sacrifice her time, ambition and sense of self to a higher purpose, one more worthy than her own individual identity. This leaves a vacuum in the place of her value, one that others rush to
• When a woman becomes pregnant, she seems to become public property. Perhaps because bearing children ensures the continuation of the species, it is often prioritized as part of a larger social contract. Not only does this logic lead to an attempt to legislate women’s bodies, but also in smaller, everyday gestures, boundaries get crossed. Many friends tell stories about being touched by strangers during pregnancy, as if a woman’s maternal(母亲的)status turns her into a vessel to
• Written more than 30 years ago, Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale offers a cautionary tale of

womanhood as sacrifice. In this dystopic novel, women are grouped according to the uses men determine for them: namely, sterile wives married for appearance or fertile  “handmaids,” who are  raped routinely for procreation( 生育 ). One male character declares that the woman must “learn in silence with all subjection” and that “she shall be saved by childbearing.” In this scenario, the act of the concept of motherhood as sacrifice.

• When we cling to the idea of motherhood as sacrifice, what we really sacrifice is our sense of self, as if it

 

is the price we pay for having children.

• Motherhood is not a sacrifice, but a privilege—one that many of us choose selfishly. At its most atavistic( 原 始 的 ) ， procreating ensures that our genes survive into the next generation. You could call this selfishness as biological imperative. On a personal level, when we bring into the world a being that is of us, someone we will protect and love and for whom we will do everything we can to help thrive and flourish, it begets the question, How is this selfless? Selflessness implies that we have no skin the In motherhood, we’re all in.
• By reframing motherhood as a privilege, we redirect agency back to the mother, empowering her, celebrating her autonomy(自主权)instead of her Granted, some of us have more autonomy than others. There are many mothers who would not have chosen motherhood, for financial or personal reasons. Still, by owning our roles as mothers and refusing the false accolades(赞扬)of martyrdom(殉难)，we do more to empower all women.
• In my experience, when women talk among women, our ambivalence or frustration is rarely about our roles as mothers. (That doesn’t mean our kids don’t drive us crazy sometimes.)Rather, conversations turn to questions of how to manage the best part of our lives(those very kids who are driving us crazy)with our partners, careers and other responsibilities. And while many women derive their deepest fulfillment as mothers, it doesn’t preclude(阻止)their ambition or fly in the face of leaning in or out or
• Calling motherhood “the hardest job in the world” misses the point completely because having and raising

children is not a “job.” No one will deny that there is exhaustion, fear and tedium(枯燥). Raising a family is hard work, but so is every other meaningful aspect of our lives.

• The language surrounding child rearing as a job surely derived from caregivers’ and homemakers’ efforts to be acknowledged as fulfilling an important role. And clearly raising children is one of the most important things we do—for both women and men—but that does not make it a job. In a job, an employer pays for services an employee agrees to perform. And there is a boss to whom the employee reports. In the case of parenting, who would that be?
• That doesn’t mean we don’t want support—paid parental leave, more flexible working hours, publicly funded day care. But the cultural shift has to happen for the policies to follow. Martyrs, after all, don’t need or expect public
• Fathers are rarely, if ever, spoken about in the same way that mothers are. It’s culturally acceptable for men to have children and professional identities without having to choose between the two. These unspoken biases run deep. It reminds me of a friend whose husband complained about having to “babysit” the children while she went to dinner with friends. Has a woman ever “babysat” her own children? Things are changing, but the insidious(潜在的)inferences
• Further, with “women” and “family” as go-to cultural corollaries(必然的结果), studies show, terrifyingly,

that these biases are being adopted by artificial intelligence, too. Calling motherhood a woman’s “job” only serves to keep a woman in her place. The priorities of mothers who work outside the home are often questioned. It’s as if women are forced to choose between ambition(or simply earning a living wage)and family.

• If we start referring to motherhood as the beautiful, messy privilege that it is, and to tending to our children as the most loving yet selfish thing we do, perhaps we can change the biased language my mother used. Only when we stop talking about motherhood as sacrifice can we start talking about mothers the way that we deserve.

36. In Margaret Atwood’s novel, women are divided into two groups based on whether or not they can give birth to a
37. The way to alter the biased view held by people like the author’s mother is to talk about being a mother as privilege and
38. Rearing children couldn’t become a job because parents, unlike employees, neither get paid to fulfill their responsibilities nor have a

 

39. The author knows from her experience that conversations between women usually centre on disciplining their children, jobs and other responsibilities instead of their mothering
40. Motherhood is a selfish behavior, from both a biological and a personal
41. The author expressed her disagreement when her mother made comments on her holiday plan and motherhood.
42. The cultural acceptance of men’s dual identities as father and jobholder reflects deep-rooted prejudice against
43. The reason why pregnant women appear to become public assets may be that bringing children into the world makes sure the human race’s continued
44. Despite their unwillingness to bear a child due to economic or personal reasons, many women still became mothers.
45. The author expected to spend her holiday with sons without distraction and believed they would have a good time.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Worried about Internet companies spying on your online browsing? You might turn to something called a virtual private network to protect your privacy. But researchers say these networks can themselves be insecure.

Earlier this year, the federal government rolled back rules that would have prevented Internet service providers from tracking your activity online. Comcast, AT&T and other providers are now allowed to track and  sell your personal date too—with much less fear of regulatory action.

One solution is a VPN, which is like a dark, secret tunnel you use to go from your computer to a website. While you’re inside the tunnel—clicking on Instagram photos or checking your bank account—third parties can’t see what you’re doing. There are lots of reasons people around the world use VPNs: to hide location, to access work networks, even to avoid government censorship(审查).

Internet providers handle customer privacy in different ways. Some say you have to opt in for them to sell

your data. Because of Internet-connected devices, providers can see more than the websites you browse.

So, who cares whether Time Warner Cable or Verizon knows when I turn off my lights or whether I stock my fridge with Swiss or cheddar?

For one thing, those data points can be used to target advertising. And the government or private companies could use the information to deny services, like health insurance—or even water.

Some VPNs promise anonymous(匿名的)browsing for free or just a few dollars a month; they claim not to

share your data. But these services don’t always deliver on their promises. Sometimes the medicine might be  worse than the illness. In the first major review of VPN providers, what researchers found was alarming. Nearly  40 percent injected malware(恶意软件).

Experts suggest researching a VPN before using it and to think of it as a supplementary tool, not a privacy solution. They advise reading the VPN service provider’s privacy policy to see whether it collects or retains any user information that could be traced back to you.

46. What does the author say about Internet service providers?
    1. They are pushed to formulate and implement privacy-related
    2. They are under less stress with regard to the government’s
    3. The federal government forbids them to come into contact with
    4. The federal government urges them to track their users’ personal

 

47. According to the author, what is the main purpose of using a VPN? A)To defend the Internet users’
48. To cover up the users’
49. To visit the websites the users
50. To relieve the government’s
51. What does the author imply about the users’ data?
    1. They may be interpreted to threaten the user’s safety.
    2. They may be sold to private companies to make
    3. They can be used for the benefit of the
    4. They can be targeted for public service
52. What does the author think of VPN service providers?
    1. Most of them tempt the users with low
    2. They themselves might be the privacy
    3. Researchers warn them of the virus
    4. They tend to steal the users’ data for
53. What is the author’s suggestion for choosing a VPN?
    1. To ask for other customers’
    2. To sign an agreement on privacy
    3. To avoid the frequent use of a
    4. To carefully select a VPN service provider.

 

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

For much of the history of American higher education, dorms and other student amenities( 设 施 )—from dining halls to recreational centers—were thought after the primary business of campus planning: grand academic buildings.

By the turn of this century, colleges had an increasing appetite for campus luxuries. A surge of students from the millennial(千禧年的)generation were graduating from high schools nationwide, and many colleges found the simplest way to compete for attention in a crowded market was to build fancier facilities. Construction cranes  were everywhere on campuses, and often the most high-profile projects involved student amenities usually financed by borrowing.

Now, after a building boom that lasted more than a decade, the pace of spending on luxurious campus decorations is slowing. The reason behind this shift is a combination of growing concerns about rising tuition and student debt, declining numbers of high-school graduates, and the ever-fluctuating tastes of students and parents.

Another reason for colleges withdrawing from the amenities arms race is that higher education is no longer in a growth mode, so there are fewer dollars available to build student luxuries. Enrollment numbers in higher education have fallen for five continuous years. It’s also unclear if the “build it and they will come” approach actually worked in attracting students or keeping them through graduation.

Some higher-education experts argue that ever-fancier amenities for students distract them from their studies—college students spend only a quarter of their week on academic pursuits—and encourage them to spend time alone in private kitchens and bedrooms rather than with other students in dining halls or lounges( 休息室).Research shows that without the sense of community that often comes from living together in close communal quarters, students may have fewer opportunities to learn how to get along with different people and manage conflicts, or develop the friendships and networks that keep them in school.

As colleges increasingly worry about boosting their retention and graduation rates, campuses are returning to their old-school ways. Dorms and other student amenities are going back to more modest times with the conveniences of the modern age.

 

51. What does the author say about American higher education?
    1. Dorms and dining halls were always the focus of American higher
    2. More attention was paid to academic buildings than students’
    3. American campus planning used to include a large number of
    4. Recreational centers were appealing to students of different
52. Why were colleges in the pursuit of campus luxuries? A)Because the new generation had more demand on
53. Because colleges believed they could attract more
54. Because colleges could be financed by building
55. Because the building market was highly
56. What is one of the reasons behind the shift of the building boom?
    1. The building boom has been questioned by students and
    2. The rising tuition makes it hard for students to afford
    3. Many of high-school graduates refuse to enjoy campus
    4. The revenue of colleges drops with the admission rate decreasing.
57. What do higher-education experts worry about?
    1. Students tend to stay alone playing computer games.
    2. Students spend less time on study than on
    3. Students may not know how to hang out with
    4. Students may lack the courage to solve
58. It can be inferred from the passage that .
    1. colleges care more about students’ quality rather than the quantity
    2. it is difficult for colleges to keep students through graduation
    3. colleges have adopted a practical attitude to graduation rates
    4. the conveniences of the modern age are welcomed by students

 

Part Ⅳ             Translation                                            (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into

English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

十二生肖（the twelve Chinese Zodiacs）是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。根据中国的十二生肖，每一年都与十二种动物中的一种有联系。你也许听说过中国人用十二生肖动物作为纪年的周期系统。在西方， 中国十二生肖的十二种动物已经越来越为人们所熟悉。十二生肖代表的动物的性格特点各不相同，每一种动物都代表着与该生肖相关的信仰、寓意和传统智慧。龙是十二生肖中唯一的神话兽，在龙年出生的人被认为是吉祥的。

Key to Model Test Three

 

Part I       Writing

高分范文

精彩点评

A Self-guided Tour Is Preferred for Me ①With the ceaseless increase of income and leisure time, travelling has become the mainstream for people to relax themselves. ②However, disagreements are when it comes to the choice of travelling modes. Some people, especially the young tend to go on a self-guided tour, while others, especially the old, prefer a package tour. ③From my own perspective, I am in favor of a self-guided tour. ④In the first place, compared with the package tour which requires the tourists to follow exactly the travel agency’s schedule, the self-guided tour allows us to make our own itinerary. ⑤In the second place, while we can only stay a very short time in each attraction following the relatively tight package tour, it’s wiser to enjoy every landscape carefully by joining a self-guided tour. ⑥Last but not least, forcing consumers to purchase some commodities is commonplace in a package tour; by contrast, if we are in a self-guided tour, certainly we don’t have to worry about that problem. ⑦ To  sum up, given  the factors that  I have just  outlined  above,  I prefer to travel on my own, which is more convenient and unconstrained.

①开门见山点明写作背景，旅游成为人们主要的放松方式。 ②引出主题——关于旅行方式的选择存在争议，有人喜欢跟团游，有人喜欢自助游。 ③表明自己的观点：喜欢自助游。 ④ ⑤ ⑥ 用 In the first place, In the second place, Last but not least 三个表示序列的短语，具体分析了选择自助游的三点原因。 ⑦用 To sum up 总结上文，再次概括自己喜欢自助游的原因——方便，自由。 加分亮点 mainstream（思想或行为的）主流；主要倾向，主要趋势 relax 放松 itinerary 旅程，路线；旅行日程commonplace 司空见惯的；常见的outline 概述；略述 unconstrained 不受拘束的，不受强制的

 

 

 

 

Section A

Part II           Listening Comprehension

 

News Report One

 

Houston has received over 120 centimeters of rain in just a few days. Many Houston neighborhoods are flooded. (1)Many people decided to wait out Hurricane Harvey when it first hit southeast Texas on Friday. But after so much rain, they found the water had entered their homes and they needed to leave. That is what happened on Monday to J.C. Spencer and his wife Karen, who live in north Houston. With local police and fire department crews overwhelmed with life-saving efforts, some Houston residents had trouble getting help. The Los Angeles Times newspaper reported that some Houston residents calling 911 found out their call would not be answered for over two hours. So many residents turned to social media websites and posted messages asking for help.(20)The Spencers had another idea. They called a restaurant where  they had dinner. When the Spencers explained their problem, the store’s manager sent her husband to their house on a boat. The Spencers got on the boat and were taken to a safe place.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1. What did people want to do when Hurricane Harvey first hit southeast Texas? A)
2. Whom did the Spencers turn to for help? D)

 

News Report Two

On one recent morning in the American state of Utah, 2-year-old twin boys Bowdy and Brock were playing in their bedroom. The boys were climbing on a piece of furniture called a dresser.(4)They were trying to get into some empty drawers and climb to the top of the dresser. But as they both tried to climb up, the large dresser fell down on top of them. The accident was recorded on a camera the boys’ parents put in the bedroom. Some parents use these kinds of cameras to watch their children playing in another room. One of the young boys, Bowdy, managed to escape from under the dresser.

 

But his brother, Brock, remained stuck under it. The video shows Bowdy walking around the dresser trying to find a way to free his brother. Almost two minutes pass. But Bowdy cannot move the dresser. Eventually, though, Bowdy found a way to push the dresser toward the wall. His brother was then able to roll out from underneath the big piece of furniture. Both boys are okay. They were not hurt.

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3. What is the news report mainly about? D)
4. What were the twin boys doing when the accident happened? C)

 

News Report Three

(5)The coast of Canada’s Newfoundland is commonly called “Iceberg Alley.” Between May and July, hundreds of icebergs float through these waters. But one iceberg arrived a bit earlier than usual this year. It floated extremely close to the coast. The iceberg is huge. Experts say it is close to the same size as the iceberg that the Titanic struck in 1912.

Photographs and stories about the Ferryland iceberg quickly spread on the Internet and social media. The towering piece of ice made news around the world. Newspapers wrote stories about how to travel to (6)Ferryland, a fishing village with a population of 500 people. Visitors began arriving in Ferryland more than a month before the area’s tourist season begins. Roads filled with cars, as tourists tried to take the perfect picture of the iceberg. Maxine Dunne owns a small inn in Ferryland. She told National Public Radio that she can see the huge iceberg clearly from her window.

The iceberg has sat near the coast of Ferryland for almost 10 days. (7)But the Canadian Press reported Monday that ocean currents may finally be slowly pushing the world-famous piece of ice out to sea.

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5. Why is the coast of Newfoundland called “Iceberg Alley”? A)
6. What can we learn about Ferryland? C)
7. What will happen to the iceberg near the coast of Ferryland? B)

 

Section B

Conversation One

W: Good afternoon. Welcome to the Grand Woodward Hotel. How may I help you? M: I have a reservation for today. It’s under the name of Hannighan.

W:Can you please spell that for me, sir? M: Sure. H-A-N-N-I-G-H-A-N.

W:(8-1)Yes, Mr. Hannighan, we’ve reserved a double room for you with a view of the ocean for two nights. Is that correct? M: (8-2)Yes, it is.

W:Excellent. We already have your credit card information on file. If you’ll just sign the receipt along the bottom, please? M: Whoa! Five hundred and ninety dollars a night!

W:Yes, sir. We are a five star hotel after all.

M: Well, fine (9)I’m here on business anyway, so at least I’m staying on the company’s dime.(10-1)What’s included in this cost anyway?

W: (10-2)A full continental buffet every morning, free airport shuttle service, and use of the hotel’s safe are all included. M: So what’s not included in the price?

W:Well, you will find a mini-bar in your room. Use of it will be charged to your account. Also, the hotel provides room service, at an additional charge of course.

M:Hmm. OK, so what room an I in?

W: Room 487. Here is your key. To get to your room, take the elevator on the right up to the fourth floor. Turn left once you exit the elevator and your room will be on the left hand side. A bellboy will bring your bags up shortly.

M: Great. Thankes.

W: Should you have any questions or requests, please dial “0” from your room. Also, there is Internet available in the lobby 24 hours a day.

 

M: OK, and (11-1)what time is check-out? W: (11-2)At midday, sir.

M: OK, thanks.

W: My pleasure, sir. Have a wonderful stay at the Grand Woodward Hotel.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. What kind of room did the man reserve in the hotel? B)
9. What can we learn about the man? D)
10. What is included in the price? A)
11. When should the man check out of the hotel? C)

 

Conversation Two

W: Hello and welcome to Trend UK. Creative industries often attract young people who feel naturally drawn to them, in the hope that they can make their mark, their fortune or both, whilst expressing themselves in their chosen field. That’s the dream but what are the realities? (12)Today we have invited a film and video editor to share his feelings with us. Welcome, Mr. Jones.

M: Thank you.

W: (13-1)What is it like working in a creative industry here in the UK?

M: (13-2)It can be fantastic. Everything has highs and lows I think. But the highs can be particularly high. I’ve worked on a variety of projects. Last year I worked on “Nanny McPhee” which was a relatively large Hollywood film.

W: And do you have to work long hours?

M: (14)Fourteen-, fifteen-, sixteen-hour days, it’s not unusual. There are limits set within the law, but you usually do whatever is required to get the material in the can.

W: What about the social side of things? Do you have time to go out much?

M: In terms of meeting people, it’s a very mixed bag. I often work on my own, so I’m very effective. I’m directing myself doing camera work and then I’ll go and edit. I’m completely on my own for days at a time working on a project. (15)On other projects which are much more collaborative, you meet an awful lot of people, and obviously you’ve got a lot in common with some of them. I’ve developed really good relationships that you could call friendships. So yeah, socially it can be great.

W: Thank you for joining us, Mr. Jones. M: My pleasure.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. What is the man’s job? C)
13. What does the man think of working in a creative industry in the UK? A)
14. What does the man say about his work? D)
15. What does the man think of collaborative projects? B)

 

Section C

Passage One

The first man to combine the steam engines and carts was Richard Trevithick, an engineer. He designed a steam engine that could run on wheels in 1803. (16)In 1804, his engine pulled carts carrying 18 metric tons of iron ore and 70 men for  five miles in South Wales. But it was so heavy that the track broke when it reached five miles per hour.

The rail transport system in Great Britain developed during the 19th century. Britain’s railways were initially owned by four companies, and then during WWII they were taken into state control in 1947. It wasn’t until 1996 that they were  private again!

Today there are 25 train operators who run the services—one infrastructure company and three rolling stock companies, and all sorts of companies who do maintenance work on the 13,000 miles of track. There are also a number of government organizations like the Strategic Rail Authority and the Health and Safety Executive.(17)They are involved in running the

 

railways, making the whole structure extremely complicated.

Broken tracks, leaves or the wrong type of snow on the line and trains are a feature of rail travel in the UK nowadays.(18)According to statistics, only two out of ten British trains are late, but the main problem is they always seem  to be my trains! If you have you have a problem when travelling by train in Britain there is a very good network called the Rail Passenger Council. It deals with complaints and will also give a lot of advice on any problems you might have had.

 

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. What did Richard Trevithick’s engine carry in 1804? B)
17. What can we learn about the rail transport system in the UK? D)
18. What can we learn about the speaker’s experiences of taking British trains? C)

 

Passage Two

Our expectation of what romance is probably dated from the romantic period. It was an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement that is derived from Europe in the 18th century. The notion of falling in love, getting married and living happily ever after were culturally held ideas formed during this period and still exist today.

Or course there’s nothing wrong with liking the idea of romance. It makes us feel good. but we must be careful not to use it as a standard for our own relationships.(19)This ideal version of love leaves out the essence of real-life relationships. There’s usually work, finances and other stresses of everyday life to deal with. You can’t expect romantic gestures like a bunch of red roses every day. There are bills to pay!

Many popular love stories end at the point where the characters get together or tie the knot. That puts the focus on finding someone special. But very few show us how to keep that perfect catch over a long period of time. (20)A relationship is hard work. It’s frustrating, messy and can be emotionally damaging.

If you’re still convinced romance isn’t dead, how will you ever find it?(21)Some people might think nowadays romance is dying because it has become too easy to meet new people via dating apps.

Perhaps romance is best left to the movies. It’s a fantasy that makes us feel good. Romance is full of love,  concentrating on finding a good and healthy relationship with its ups and downs. Do you believe romance really exists?

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. What does the idea of romance leave out? A)
20. How does the speaker think of a romantic relationship? B)
21. Why do some people think romance is dying today? D)

 

Passage Three

Are you a dog person? Maybe you have one at home and enjoy taking it for walks and curling up with it on the sofa. Personally, I’m not that kind of person.(22)For me they’re aggressive, smelly animals that need constant care and lack the independent nature and intelligence that cats have. But given the life-saving skills that some doge possess, maybe I should give them a second chance.

(23)To some, a perfect dog might be one that looks cute, is loyal and sits when it’s told. But to really be man’s best friend, they need to do something useful.(24)Some breeds that have amazing sense of smell are put to good use as detection dogs. They are trained to use their senses to detect substances such as explosives and illegal drugs. You’ll often see them at airports or working with police out on the streets.

Other types of working dogs including guide doge and hearing dogs provide a life-saving service to their owners.  Some dogs can alert emergency services when their owner has a seizure. And there are clever dogs that have been trained to provide affection and comfort to people in hospitals, retirement homes or schools.

New uses for dogs are being discovered all the time. The dog is in fact a highly sophisticated sensor. Evolution has given him this highly sensitive nose.(25)It’s this incredible ability that has led to the UK’s National Health Service assessing whether dogs can be used to detect early stage cancer. It’s vital for improving survival rates.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

 

22. What does the speaker think of dogs in the beginning? A)
23. Which is a feature a perfect dog should possess according to some people? D)
24. What can we learn about dogs with good sense of smell? C)
25. What is crucial to improving survival rates of cancer patients? B)

 

Part Ⅲ  Reading Comprehension

Section A

选项归类

名词：B)attacks 攻击，抨击； C)common 共同之处； G) influence 影响，势力； H)insult 侮辱，冒犯；

1. omission 省略，遗漏；N)value 价值，重要性； O)version 版本，译本

动词：B) attacks 攻击，抨击； E)engaged 参与，参加； F)excluded 排除，不包括在内； G) influence 影响，支配；

1. H) insult 侮辱，冒犯； J)required 需要，要求； L)shifted 转移，移动； M)threaten 威胁，恐吓；
2. N) value 重视，给……估价

形容词：C) common 常见的，普遍的； D)critical 重要的，紧急的； E) engaged 已订婚的，使用中的； J) required

必须的，必修的

副词：A)absolutely 绝对地，毫无疑问地； K)sharply 急剧地，大幅度地详解详析：

26. 答案：E)engaged

详解：空格前是 are，因此空格处应填入动词的分词形式与 are 一起构成句子的谓语，或填入形容词作 are 的表语。无论填入形容词还是动词分词形式，都应能与介词 in 搭配使用。上文提到，女性健康状况有所恶化，因此人们想要废除和替换掉不合理法案。那么空格所在句可理解为：国会的共和党人士正在疯狂的努力参与废除并取代奥巴马领导的政府实施的平价医疗法案(ACA)，故 E)engaged“参与，参加”为答案

27. 答案：O)version

详解：空格前是形容词最高级 latest，空格后是介词 of，且分析句子结构可知，介词 under 后缺少宾语，因此空格处应填入名词做宾语。上文提到，到 2026 年至少有 2 200 万美国人将失去医疗保险。下文提到，这一计划包括大幅消减医疗补助。根据语境可知，此处指的是奥巴马政府实施的平价医疗法案最新版本的计划，故 O)version“版本， 译本”为本题答案。

28. 答案：M)threaten

详解：分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语，因此空格处应填入动词作谓语。联系上下文内容可知，本文整体基调是对女性健康状况有所恶化表示不满，那么此处提到的“这些削减对女性的影响可能比男性更大”是一种不良结果，    即对女性健康来说是一种威胁，故 M)threaten“威胁，恐吓”为答案。

29. 答案：K)sharply

详解：分析句子结构可知，此处 whether…or 连接的是 by 引出的三个并列结构，且 or 后的并列结构成分完整， 故应填入副词修饰动词 limiting。此处讲的是大幅削减医疗补助和保险的缺乏对女性带来的不良影响，即取消基本医疗保险，削减产妇保健，或大幅减少生育权利，故 K)sharply“急剧地，大幅度地”为答案。

30. 答案：H) insult

详解：空格前是形容词最高级 latest，且分析句子成分可知，本句缺少宾语，因此空格处应填入名词。上文提到， 是时候站出来反对这场关于妇女健康的战争了；空格后提到以男性为中心的医学史，因此对反对女性健康状况恶化的人来说，上述提到的大幅削减医疗补助和保险的缺乏对女性来说是一种侮辱，故 H) insult“侮辱，冒犯”为答案。31.答案：J)required

详解：分析句子结构可知，空格处位于非限制性定语从句中，且该从句缺少谓语，故空格处应填入动词。下文提    到，科学家担心女性的荷尔蒙周期会影响结果，那么空格所在句可理解为：为了避免女性影响实验结果，在 1993 年《美国国家卫生振兴方案》之前，妇女和少数族裔只有在最后阶段的药物和治疗试验中才被要求加入实验。故J)required“需要，要求”为答案。

32.答案：F)excluded

详解：空格前是系动词 were，因此空格处应填入动词的分词形式与 were 一起构成句子的谓语，或填入形容词作

were 的表语。无论填入形容词还是动词，都应该能与介词 from 搭配使用。上文提到，科学家担心女性的荷尔蒙周

 

期会影响实验结果，所以女性被排除在这些实验之外，故 F)excluded“排除，不包括在内”为答案。33.答案：I)omission

详解：空格前是定冠词 the，且分析句子结构可知，本句缺少主语，因此空格处应填入名词。上文提到，女性被排除在药物和治疗试验之外，这就意味着女性参与试验的价值被忽略了，从而导致女性不知道药物会对她们产生怎    样的影响，因此 I)omission “省略，遗漏”为答案。

34. 答案：B) attacks

详解：分析句子结构可知，本句前半句为 Whether or not 引导的让步状语从句，空格所在部分为主句，且主句缺少主语，再结合空格前的 these 和空格后的谓语 are 可知，空格处应填入复数名词。上文提到了大幅削减女性医疗补助和保险的缺乏，对于支持废除并取代奥巴马政府实施的平价医疗法案的人来说，这些行为是对女性的健康的攻击，    因此 B)attacks“攻击，抨击”为答案。

35. 答案：D)critical

详解：空格前是 it’s，空格后是 to do 不定式结构，因此空格处应填入形容词作 is 的表语，或填入名词作 is 的宾语， 构成“it is +名词/形容词+不定式”结构。根据上文可知，作者支持废除关于女性健康的不合理法案，而此处是说把女性放在第一位刻不容缓，故 D)critical“重要的，紧急的”为答案。

Section B

语篇分析

本文主要阐述了作者对母亲角色的看法，她人物做母亲并非牺牲而是一种自私的行为。	A)~C)段作者通过与母亲关于夏日假期的谈话，引出做母亲就是牺牲的传统观点，并对此表 达出异议。
	D)~G)段分析了做母亲就是牺牲的传统观点，并以玛格丽特·阿特伍德的小说为例进行具体 说明。
	H)~P)段指出了做母亲就是牺牲是一种偏见，以及做母亲其实是一种自私的行为。

详解详析：

详解：F)段定位句第一句提到了玛格丽特·阿特伍德的小说，第二句介绍了在这部小说中女性据其用途被分组， 一组是 sterile wives，另一组是 fertile “handmaids”，虽然 sterile 是超纲单词，但根据 fertile“能生育的”可推出 sterile 的意思是“不能生育的”。由此可知，在这部小说中，女性是根据其是否拥有生育能力而被进行分组的。题干中的are divided into two groups 和 based on 分别对应定位句中的 are grouped 和 according to,故 F)为答案。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

详解：P)段定位句指出，如果我们开始把母亲称作美丽却麻烦的特权，把照顾我们的孩子称作我们所做的最有爱    心却又自私的事，或许我们就能够改变我母亲所使用的那种带有偏见的言语。题干中的 alter the biased view held by people like the author’s mother 对应定位句中的 change the biased language my mother used。故 P)为答案。

 

详解：L)段定位句表明，显然抚养孩子是我们所做的最重要的事情之一——对于男女双方而言——但那并不能使它成为一份工作。在一份工作中，老板向员工支付工资，并且员工需要向老板汇报工作。题干中的 couldn’t become a job 和 get paid 分别对应定位句中的 does not make it a job 和 pays；fulfill 和 superior 分别是定位句中 perform 和 boss的近义词，故 L)为答案。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

详解：J)段第一句提到，女性之间的谈话很少与她们身为母亲的角色有关；第二句则指出，女性之间的话题经常与三个方面有关：如何与伴侣一起管理她们生活中最好的部分（正是那些令她们抓狂的孩子）、事业和其他的责任。    画线部分中的 those very kids who are driving us crazy 表明 the best part of our lives 就是子她们的孩子。由此可知，题干中的 disciplining their children 对应定位句中的 manage the best part of our lives。题干是对画线部分的总结，故 J) 为答案。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

详解：H)段第一句提到，做母亲是一种特权，一种自私的行为，接下来从两个角度证明了这一观点：第二、三句从生理学角度说明，做母亲是一种自私的行为；第四至六句从个人角度分析做母亲是一种自私的行为。题干中的 from both a biological and a personal perspective 对应定位句中的 biological imperative 和 a personal level。题干是对该段的概括总结，故 H)为答案。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

详解：A)段画线部分第一句中作者向她的母亲简单介绍了自己的假期安排；紧接着作者的母亲对作者的假期安排以及母亲身份做出的消极的评价；最后一句中作者的反问语气表明她并不赞同母亲的观点。题干中的 expressed her disagreement 和 holiday plan 分别对应定位句中的“Really？”和 what we would be doing on our vacation，故 A)为答

 

案。

详解：N)段画线部分首先提到，在文化上接受男性的双重身份；接着第二句指出这些偏见根深蒂固。最后作者提    到她想起了一位朋友，她的丈夫抱怨说，在她去和朋友共进晚餐时自己不得不“代她临时照看”孩子们。有女性曾    经说过“代人临时照看”自己的孩子吗？由此可知，这些偏见是针对女性的。题干中的 cultural acceptance 和deep-rooted prejudice 分别是对定位句中 culturally acceptable 和 biases run deep 的同义转述，故 N)为答案。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

详解：E)段定位句表明，当女人怀孕时，她似乎就变成了公共财产。或许是因为生育子女确保物种的延续，这往往被优先认为属于更大的社会契约。题干中的 makes sure the human race’s continued existence 是定位句中 ensures the continuation of the species 的同义转述，故 E)为答案。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

详解：I)段定位句表明，有许多本来出于经济或个人原因不会选择做母亲的女性，还是成为了母亲。该句含有一个 who 引导的定语从句，用来修饰先行词 many mothers，定语从句中的谓语 would not have chosen motherhood 使用了虚拟语气，表明与过去的事实相反，由此可知，这些已经做母亲的人本来是不会选择做母亲的。题干中的unwillingness 和 economic 分别对应定位句中的 would not have chosen 和 financial，故 I)为答案。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

详解：B)段定位句表明，作者盼望着和儿子们共度一段不受打扰的时间。有些日子肯定会在疲惫的泪水中收场，    但即便是在糟糕的日子里，眼泪也不会压倒喜悦。由此推知，尽管这个假期会过得很累，但作者和孩子们还是会很

 

开心。题干中的 expected 和 sons 是对定位句中 looking forward to 和 my boys 的同义转述；without distraction 和 have a good time.分别对应定位句中的 uninterrupted 和 the tears didn’t outweigh the joy，故 B)为答案。

 

 

Section C

 

全文翻译：

Passage One

 

担心互联网公司窥探你的在线浏览？你可能会转而选择虚拟专用网络来保护隐私。但是，研究人员说这些网络   本身就是不安全的。

• 今年早些时候，联邦政府撤回了禁止互联网服务提供商跟踪用户在线活动的条款。康卡斯特公司，美国电 话电报公司和其他提供商获许跟踪和销售你的个人数据，而不用担心监管行动。
• 一个解决方案是虚拟专用网络，它就像一个黑暗的秘密隧道，你可以使用它联通计算机和网站。当你进入 隧道，点击 Instagram 照片或检查你的银行账户，第三方看不到你在做什么。世界各地的人使用虚拟专用网络有很多原因：隐藏位置，访问工作网络，甚至是避免政府的审查。

互联网提供商以不同的方式处理客户隐私。有人说你必须选择让他们出售你的数据。因此与互联网相连接的设    备能使提供商看到比你浏览的网站更多的内容。

所以，谁会在乎时代华纳有限电视或威瑞森无线通信是否知道我们什么时候关灯或者我冰箱里是否存储存着瑞   士硬干酪或切达干酪？

• 首先，这些数据点可以用来定点投放广告。政府或私人公司也可以利用这些信息来拒绝服务，如健康保险 ，甚至是水。

一些虚拟专用网络承诺免费匿名游览或一个月只花几美元；他们声称不会共享你的数据。但这些服务提供商并    不总是履行他们的承诺。有时治疗用药可能比疾病本身更糟糕。（49）在对虚拟专用网络供应商的第一次重大审查中， 研究人员的发现令人震惊。近 40%的供应商引入恶意软件。

• 专家建议在使用之前先研究一下虚拟专用网络，并将其视为补充工具，而不是隐藏的解决方案。他们建议 阅读虚拟专用网络服务提供商的隐私政策，以查看其是否收集或保留可追溯到你的任何用户信息。

详解详析：

46. 答案：B)

定位：由题干中的 Internet service providers 定位到第二段。

详解：事实细节题。由定位段首句可知，联邦政府撤回了禁止互联网服务提供商跟踪用户在线活动的条款，紧接着第二句就指出提供商的现状：被允许跟踪和销售个人数据，而不用担心监管行动。由此看出，政府对互联网服务提供商的监管有所放松，故答案为 B)。A)“他们被迫制定和执行有关隐私的条款”，文中只提及政府撤回条款， 并未谈及制定条款，故排除；C)“联邦政府禁止他们与用户接触”，文中只涉及政府放松监管，未提到其他规定， 故排除；D)“联邦政府敦促他们追踪用户个人数据”，文中提到联邦政府撤回了禁止互联网服务提供商跟踪用户在线活动的条款，但不等同与敦促他们追踪数据，故排除。

47. 答案：A)

定位：由题干中的 VPN 定位到第三段前两句。

详解：事实细节题。定位段首句提到，一个解决方案是虚拟专用网络，它是可以连通计算机和网站的秘密隧道，    紧接着第二句做进一步说明，进入隧道时第三方看不到你在做什么。即使用虚拟专用网络的目的是为了保护用户的隐私，故答案为 A)。B)“隐匿用户住址”，该段第三句提到世界各地的人使用虚拟专用网络其中的一个原因是隐藏位置，这里是指上网地址，并非住址，故排除；C)“访问用户喜欢的网站”与该段第三句中的“访问工作网络”不吻合，故排除；D)“减轻政府负担”，文中未提及相关内容，可以排除。

48. 答案：C)

定位：由题干中的 the users’ data 定位到第六段。

详解：推理判断题。定位段提到用户用数据的用途：这些数据点可以用来定点投放广告；政府或私人公司也可以利用这些信息来拒绝服务，如健康保险，甚至是水。由此可推，政府或私人公司可以看到用户数据，用作拒绝为

 

某些人提供诸如保险一类服务的依据，即数据可以用来让政府受益，故答案为 C)。A“)

数据被解读以威胁用户安全”，

 

文中未提及此内容，故排除；B)“数据被出售给私人公司以获利”，第四段第二句提到有人说你必须选择让互联网    提供商出售你的数据，定位段未提到私人公司，故排除；D)“数据可以用于投放公益广告”，定位段第一句提到这

 

些数据点可以用来定点投放广告，并未特指公益广告，故排出。

49. 答案：B)

定位：由题干中的 VPN service providers 定位到倒数第二段最后两句。

详解：推理判断题。定位句提到，在对虚拟专用网络供应商的第一次重大审查中，研究人员的发现令人震惊。 下一句具体说明震惊的原因：近 40%的供应商引入恶意软件。结合前一句提到的“有时治疗用药可能比疾病本身更糟糕”可以推断虚，拟专用网络供应商存在侵犯用户隐私的可能，故答案为 B)。A)“多数供应商用低价引诱客户”， 倒数第二段首句提到一些虚拟专用网络承诺免费匿名浏览或一个月只花几美元，并未说多数供应商都这样做，故排除；C)“研究人员警告供应商有感染病毒的危险”，文中只提到近 40%的供应商引入恶意软件，感染的是用户，与供应商无关，故排除；D)“供应商往往为了生存盗窃用户数据”，文中并没有提到相关内容，故排除。

50. 答案：D)

定位：由题干中的 suggestion for choosing a VPN 定位到末段。

详解：推理判断题。定位段首句提到，专家建议在使用之前先研究一下虚拟专用网络；第二句给出具体建议： 阅读虚拟专用网络服务提供商的隐私政策。由此推断，作者建议应该仔细选择虚拟专用网络供应商，故答案为 D)。A)“寻求其他用户的建议”，文中未提及相关内容，故排除。B)“签订一份有关隐私政策的协议”，文中只是提到建议阅读虚拟专用网络服务提供商的隐私政策，并没有提到签署协议，故排除；C)“避免频繁使用虚拟专用网络”，    由定位段可知，文中未涉及虚拟专用网络使用频率的问题，故排除。

 

 

 

全文翻译：

Passage Two

 

• 在美国高等教育的大部分历史中，宿舍和其他学生设施——从餐厅到娱乐中心，都是在校园规划的主要 业务——宏伟的教学楼之后考虑的东西。

到本世纪之交，大学对校园豪华程度的渴望越来越高。（52）千禧一代的学生从全国各地的高中毕业，蜂拥而入， 许多大学发现在拥挤的市场上吸引注意的最简单的方法是修建更昂贵的设施。建筑起重机在校园中无处不在，通常    最高调的学生设施项目一般通过借贷筹款。

现在，经过十多年的建设热潮，奢华的校园装饰花费的步伐正在放缓。（53-1）这种转变背后的原因在于越来越 多的人担心学费升高，学生们债务增加，高中毕业生人数减少，以及学生和家长的喜好不断变化。

（53-2）大学退出设施军备竞赛的另一个原因是高等教育不再处于增长模式，所以用于建设学生奢侈品的资金就减 少了。高等教育入学人数连续五年下降。还不清楚“通过建设吸引他们来”的方法是否真正吸引来了学生或者让他    们待在学校直至毕业。

• 一些高等级教育专家认为，为学生修建越来越昂贵的设施会分散他们的学习注意力——大学生一周只花四 分之一的时间来学习，这些设施促使他们独自在私人厨房和卧室度过，而不是和其他同学一起在餐厅或休息室度过。 研究表明，因缺乏在亲密的公共区共同生活产生的社区感，学生可能很少有机会学习如何与不同的人相处，并解决    冲突，或者发展友谊和人际关系网以使他们能留在学校。
• 随着大学越来越担心提高学生的留存率和毕业率，校园正在回归老路。宿舍和其他学生设施将随着现代 的便利设施回到更朴素的时期。

详解详析：

51. 答案：B)

定位：由题干中的 American higher education 定位到第一段。

详解：推理判断题。由定位段可知，在美国高等教育的大部分历史中，宿舍和其他学生设施都是在校园规划的主要业务——宏伟的教学楼之后考虑的东西，即教学楼比学生设施更受重视，故答案为 B)。A)“宿舍和食堂总是美国高等教育的关注点”，此处属于绝对选项，故排除；C)“美国校园规划过去包含数量众多的设施”，文中只提到    “宿舍和其他学生设施——从餐厅到娱乐中心”，并未涉及数量如何，故排除；D)“娱乐中心对不同国籍的学生都有吸引力”，文中只提到娱乐中心，没有说明学生的态度如何，故排除。

52. 答案：B)

定位：由题干中的 campus luxuries 定位到第二段第一句。

详解：事实细节题。该段首先提到，到本世纪之交，大学对校园豪华程度的渴望越来越高。紧接着定位句说明原因，许多大学发现吸引高中毕业生注意的最简单的方法是修建更昂贵的设施，故答案为 B)。A)“因为新生代对校

 

园奢侈的享受的要求越来越高”，该段首句明确提到是大学对校园豪华程度的渴望越来越高，并不是新生代，本项    属于张冠李戴，故排除；C)“因为大学可以通过修建设施获得财政资助”，第二段第三句提到学生设施一般通过借    贷筹款，并非修炼设施获得财政资助，故排除；D)“因为建筑市场竞争激烈”，文中只提到建筑起重机在校园中无    处不在，未涉及建筑市场竞争情况，故排除。

53. 答案：D)

定位：由题干中的 reasons 和 behind the shift 定位到第三段第二句和第四段前两句。

详解：事实细节题。定位段提到，这种转变背后的另一个原因：高等教育不再处于增长模式，所以用于建设学生奢侈品的资金就减少了。高等教育入学人数连续五年下降，故答案为 D)。A)“建筑热受到学生和家长的质疑”， 第三段第二句明确提到这种转变背后的一个原因是学生和家长的喜好不断变化，并非提出质疑，故排除；B)“不断上涨的学费让学生很难支付奢侈服务”，第三段第二句提到一个原因是越来越多的人担心学费升高，学生债务增加，    与购买奢侈无关，故排除；C)“许多高中毕业生拒绝享用校园豪华设施”，文中只提到高中毕业生人数下降，并未提到相关内容，可以排除。

54. 答案：B)

定位：由题干中的 higher-education experts 定位到第五段第一句。

详解：事实细节题。定位句提到，一些高等教育专家认为，为学生修建越来越昂贵的设施会分散他们的学习注意力——大学生一周只花四分之一的时间来学习，而花费更多的时间与精力在便利设施上，故答案为 B)。A)“学生往往独自待着打电脑游戏”，文章并未提及他们具体干什么，故排除；C)“学生可能不知道如何与其他人一起出去    玩”，该段第二句提到因缺乏在亲密的公共区共同生活所产生的社区感，学生可能很少有机会学习如何与不同的人    相处，并未具体指出去玩，故排除；D)“学生可能缺少解决冲突的勇气”，文中提到学生可能更少有机会学习如何解决冲突，未涉及勇气，故排除。

55. 答案：B)

定位：由题干及各选项内容可定位至末段第一句。

详解：推理判断题。定位句提到，随着大学越来越担心提高学生的留存率和毕业率，校园正在回归老路。由此推断，大学艰难吸引学生留到毕业，故答案为 B)。A)“大学更在意学生质量而非数量”，文中未涉及此项内容，故排除；C)“大学对毕业率采取了务实的态度”，文中只提到大学担心毕业率，并没有提到务实态度，故排除；D) “现代的便利设施受学到学生的欢迎”，文中提到宿舍和其他学生设施将随着现代的便利设施回到更朴素的时期，    未涉及学生的态度如何，故排除。

 

 

参考译文

Part Ⅳ  Translation

 

The twelve Chinese Zodiacs play an important role in the traditional Chinese culture. According to the Chinese Zodiacs, each year is associated with one of twelve animals. You’ve probably heard that Chinese people regard the twelve animals as the foundation of the zodiac system. In the West, the twelve creatures of the Chinese Zodiacs have become increasingly familiar. The twelve symbolic animals have their own characteristics, with each animal representing relevant beliefs, connotations and traditional wisdom. Among the twelve animals, dragon is the only mythological beast, and to be born in the Year of Dragon is regarded as propitious.

难点注释

1. 第一句中，“是中国传统文化的重要组成部分”可直译为 are an important component of traditional Chinese culture, 也可以像参考译文中那样意译为“在中国传统文化中占据重要地位”，在这种意译方法中，除可译为 play an important role in …之外，还可译为 occupy an important status in …。
2. 第二句中，“与……有联系“可译为动词结构 be associated with 或 be linked to，也可译为其名词结构 have an association with… 或 “There is a link between…and…”
3. 第三句中，“用……作为”可译为 regard…as…;“用十二生肖动物作为纪年的周期系统”指的是纪年的周期系统以十二种动物为基础，故译为 the foundation of the zodiac system。除此之外，也可意译为“中国人在十二种动物的基础上发明了纪年的周期系统”，即 develop the zodiac system based on twelve animals。
4. 第四句中，“为人们所熟悉”可直译为 be familiar with,也可意译为“被人们所认可”，故本句还可译为“The twelve creatures of the Chinese Zodiacs have been underscoring the increasing recognition in the ”。
5. 第五句中，“每一种动物都代表着与该生肖相关的信仰、寓意和传统智慧”是对“十二生肖代表的动物的性格特

 

点各不相同”的解释说明，因此为了增加句式多样性，该半句可译为伴随状语。

6. 第六句中，前后两个分句可以看作是因果关系，因此可用 therefore 将两句链接起来。二者还可以看作是并列顺承关系，因此也可用 and 连接。

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