大学英语四级预测五答案解析

大学英语四级六级电子版历年真题试题试卷听力原文答案解析word：https://www.ddwk123.cn/archives/68580

Model Test Five

 

Part I                              Writing                                           (30minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to writ an essay. There are two different views about health care: one is that health care should be free for everyone and the other is that people should pay medical costs for themselves. You are to give your own opinion. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your opinion. You should write at least 120ords but no more that 180 words.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Part II                             Listening Comprehension              (25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

 

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1. A) The amount of it changes from season to
   1. The amount of it shrinks to the lowest level in
   2. The amount of it grows in winter and shrinks in
   3. The amount of it is close to that of Arctic sea
2. A) It has something to do with the B) It is due to the greenhouse effect.
3. C) It is hard to D) It has aroused public concern.

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3. A) It is warming at a slower pace that
4. It is warming at a quicker pace that
5. Its temperature is soaring at a high speed
6. Its temperature is going towards the level of tropical
7. A) The trend of climate change can be
8. The sea-level rise is a linear
9. The rising sea level is largely caused by
10. The sea-level rise is

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5. A) The process of turning hydrogen into a
6. Hydrogen might be turned into a
7. Reflectivity is a key trait of
8. The decades-long search for
9. A) By compressing it to 4.9 million times atmospheric
10. By heating it up to extremely high
11. By cooling it down to extremely cold
12. By squeezing it strong enough at room
13. A) Most of them work only at room
14. Most of them work only at freezing

 

1. Most of them work only at extremely cold temperatures.
2. Most of them work only at extremely high

 

Section B

Directions：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A) He is applying for a B) He is reading a job advertisement.
9. C) He is filing in a form for a school. D) He is writing his graduation
10. A) Because he does not want his college education to be
11. Because he is quite skilled in his
12. Because he has spent much time and money on college
13. Because he is very interested in his
14. A) How to improve nutrition for children of the minority
15. How to distribute food and money to the
16. How to understand the needs of the
17. How to collect money for charitable
18. A) It is B) It is natural.     C) It is intolerable.      D) It is motivating.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A) Because people in that period believed in the power of
13. Because people in that period believed in the power of
14. Because people in that period believed in the power of religious
15. Because people in that period believed in the power of
16. A) He was elected the first president of the
17. He was one of the drafters of the Declaration of
18. He was a successful businessman as well as a famous
19. He was the embodiment of American
20. A) He was the commander in chief of the Continental
21. He was the second American
22. He drafted the Declaration of Independence
23. He was a successful statesman and
24. A) So far as you work hard, you can make your dream come
25. Only when you have a higher education can you realize your dream.
26. Despite your efforts, you can’t make it if opportunity does not strike
27. Despite your efforts, your family background counts more in your life.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A) A new exhibition to explore the significance of selfies as an art
17. A new exhibition to explore the importance of self-portraits.
18. A new exhibition of Vincent Van Gogh’s famous
19. A new exhibition of recent celebrities’

 

17. A) A tool of becoming icons of the digital
18. A tool of artistic expression to which we all have
19. A shift in society using technology as a means of self-expression.
20. A shift in society using technology as a means of becoming
21. A) Modern C) The smartphone.
22. Social D) The iPhone.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A) A punishing B) A righteous figure.
20. A funny D) An almighty figure.
21. A) They try to entertain the devil with gifts. C) They try to ask their parents to beat the
22. B) They try to run D) They try to hide at a corner of their rooms.
23. A) In German C) In Australian folklore.
24. B) In Austrian D) In Croatian folklore.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A) Misconceptions about learning English. C) The key to learning English
23. The key to learning English D) The key to talking to native speakers.
24. A) More speaking B) A wide vocabulary.
25. Rich knowledge of D) More input.
26. A) Because they tend to think in their native
27. Because they are slower in the process of learning a
28. Because they are ashamed of making
29. Because they lack speaking
30. A) It can be trained only by speaking with native
31. It is a skill and should be
32. It is a skill that develops
33. It can be trained by reciting English

 

Part Ⅲ          Reading Comprehension                         ( 40 minutes )

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for  each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

 

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

Passwords are a pain in the ass. They’re either easy to       26       or hare to remember, and when breaches        ( 破 坏 ) 27 you have to come up with a whole new one . So people are trying to do away with passwords altogether, and so far fingerprint scanners are doing the job nicely.

Still,  fingerprints alone are not   28   . Online  security has become   29    important,  forcing service    providers to come up with better measures such as two-factor authentication ( 验 证 ) to 30 user information. Companies are turning to other parts of our bodies to find biometric (生物计量的)   31   that are up to the task, and our faces and eyes are at the top of the list. Although facial and eye-based recognition appear gimmicky for now, they may soon become as prevalent and popular as fingerprint scanners. That pairing could root  out passwords and clunky text-message two-factor 32 altogether, making it a completely biometric process.

The popularity , prevalence and convenience of fingerprint scanning means it is here to stay, and by no means are face and eye recognition meant to 33 it. Choudhury sees the newer method as a complement to

 

fingerprints, providing a more convenient second-factor authentication as opposed to entering a text code sent to your phone. While the tech we have right now may not be fast or secure enough to be truly convenient and helpful, we’re getting close. Using the adoption of fingerprint scanners as a   34    ,Choudhury estimated we are about    five years away from iris ( 虹 膜 ) scanners and face detection becoming  35   .Until then ,we’ll have to deal with changing our crappy passwords every so often and hope we don’t forget them.

 

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Sent Home for Not Wearing Heels, She Ignited a British Rebellion

• LONDON-When Nicola Thorp reported to work awhile back as a temporary receptionist in the financial center here , she was shocked when her temp supervisor said her flat shoes were unacceptable. She would need to get herself shoes with heels at least two inches
• When she refused, she was sent home from the accounting firm PwC without Bu that was not the end of it. Five months later, Ms. Thorp, an actress originally from the northern seaside city of Blackpool, started a petition calling for a law that would make sure no company could ever again demand that a woman wear heels to work.
• The petition collected more than 150,000 signatures, helped spur a popular opposition-dozens of professional women posted photographs of themselves on Twitter defiantly wearing flats-and prompted an inquiry overseen by two parliamentary
• On Wednesday, more than two years after Ms. Thorp, now 28, strode into that office in her chic but sensible black flats, the committees released a report concluding that Portico, the outsourcing firm that had insisted she wear high heels, had broken the It added that existing law needed to be toughened to overcome outmoded and sexist workplace codes.
• During the investigation, the committees received hundreds of complaints from women whose companies had demanded that they “ dye their hair blonde.” “wear revealing outfits” or “ constantly reapply makeup.” “Discriminatory dress codes remain widespread,” the report
• Thorp praised the inquiry’s conclusion, saying it was all the more imperative in the Trump era, when men around the world had a role model in the White House who had boasted about behaving badly toward women.
• “I refused to work for a company that expected women to wear makeup, heels and a skirt. This is unacceptable in 2017,” she said . “ People say sexism is not an issue anymore. But when a man who has admitted publicly to sexually harassing women is the leader of the free world, it is more crucial than ever to have laws that protect ”
• Thorp said her resistance to heels, while a protest against sexism and discrimination, was also a matter of public health given the toll that high heels take on women’s feet. “The company expected me to do a

 

nine-hour shift on my feet accompanying clients to meeting rooms, ”she said. “I told them that I just wouldn’t be able to do that in heels.”

• Portico on Wednesday said it had rewritten its code almost immediately after the issue was raised by Ms. Thorp, dropping the heel requirement, among others . Its old code had warned employees against such thing as greasy or highly gelled hair or wearing flowers as accessories. It had also called for heel height to be two to four inches and for makeup to be “worn at all times” and “ regularly reapplied,” with a minimum of lipstick, mascara (睫毛膏) and eye
• PwC stressed that the dress code required by Portico in December 2015 was Portico’s policy and had been

enforced by a Portico supervisor. Nevertheless, it said it regretted that the inquiry was instigated by an incident at its offices, and it remained committed to equality at the workplace.

• In some spheres, Britain, a multicultural society, has been particularly sensitive about gender discrimination. Last summer the mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, banned advertisements showing scantily clad ( 衣着暴露的) women from the city’s public transportation system, saying they promoted unhealthy or unrealistic body
• But legal experts and women’s advocates say social and cultural conventions can be harder to change. When Prime Minister Theresa May was photographed recently wearing a $1,250 pair of “ desert khaki (卡其色) ” leather pants, she was criticized as being excessive and out of touch, even as her defenders argued that no one talked about Trump’ s far more expensive Brioni suits.
• Nevertheless, before she entered No.10 Downing Street, Mrs. May herself may have played a role in reinforcing gender   When  she  was  the  minister  for  women  and  equality  in  2011,  she  said  that “ traditional gender-based workplace dress codes” had not held her back and argued that they encouraged “ a sense of professionalism ” in the workplace.
• In a sign of the challenges ahead, the British television host Piers Morgan inspired a Twitter storm on Wednesday when he insisted during an interview with Ms. Thorp that it was not unreasonable to expect a receptionist to wear stiletto heels (细跟鞋) 。“Get Piers in Heels,”roared The Sun’s
• Britain’s 2010 Equality Act prohibits discrimination in the workplace on the basis of gender, age or sexual orientation, But women’s advocates and legal experts said the law was unevenly
• Emma Birkett, who works in retail, told the inquiry that her company encouraged her and her female colleagues to wear shorter skirts and unbutton more buttons on their blouses during Christmastime, “when a higher proportion of male shoppers was anticipated.” Ruth Campion, a flight attendant, testified that she felt “prostituted”when ordered to wear heels, skirts and
• Sam Smethers, chief executive of the Fawcett Society , a leading women’s rights organization in London

that traces its roots to 1866, said sexist dress codes that objectified women or men had no place in the modern workplace. She noted that it took until last January for British Airways to allow female cabin crew members to wear trousers. She also lamented that it cost about $1,500 in Britain for a person to bring a case before an employment tribunal (特别法庭)，and that even without this financial constraint, “some women don’t want to be seen as troublemakers or risk losing their jobs.”

• “Employers need to focus on what drives productivity and enables their staff to feel part of a team, “she said, adding, “It isn’t a pair of high ”

 

36. Many women complained to the committees about their companies’ regulations on hair, clothes and makeup, which proved gender-biased dress codes to be still
37. The fact that Theresa May and Trump were treated differently proves that it is more difficult to change social and cultural customs.
38. Ms . Thorp appealed for a law protecting women from being forced to work in
39. PwC emphasized it was Portico rather than PwC that had developed and implemented the dressing

 

40. When Nicola Thorp reported for duty, she was astonished at her temporary director’s requirement to let her replace flat shoes with high-heeled
41. According to Sam Smethers, women were prevented from charging against sexist dress codes because of high cost and the risk of dismissal.
42. Piers Morgan’s open support for Portico caused a stir on Twitter and met with the protest from The
43. Two years later, the two parliamentary committees announced Portico’s violation of the law and the need to strengthen the present
44. Thorp refused to wear heels not only to object to sexism and discrimination but also to protect her feet.
45. Dozens of working women supported Ms. Thorp’s petition with posting their own pictures of wearing flats on a social media

 

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Teacher burnout and student stress may be linked, according to University of British Columbia study.

The study is the first  of its kind to examine the connection between teacher burnout and students’ cortisol    (皮质醇) levels, which are a biological indicator of stress.

Researchers collected saliva （唾液）samples from over 400 elementary school children and tested their

cortisol levels. They found that in classrooms in which teachers experienced more burnout, or feelings of emotional exhaustion, students’ cortisol levels were elevated. Higher cortisol levels in elementary school children have been linked to learning difficulties as well as mental health problems.

“This suggests that stress contagion (传染) might be taking place in the classroom among students and their teachers, ” said Eva Oberle, the study’s lead author and newly appointed assistant professor with the Human Early Learning Partnership （ HELP ） at UBC’s school of population and public health. “It is unknown what came first-elevated cortisol or teacher burnout. We consider the connection between student and teacher stress a cyclical problem in the classroom.”

Oberle said a stressful classroom climate could be a result of inadequate support for teachers, which may impact teachers’ ability to effectively manage their students. A poorly managed classroom can contribute to students’ needs not being met and increasing stress. This could be reflected in elevated cortisol levels in students.

Alternatively , stress could originate from students, who may be more challenging to teach because of increases in anxiety, behavioral problems, or special needs. In this scenario, teachers could feel overwhelmed and report higher levels of burnout.

“Our study is a reminder of the systemic issues facing teachers and educators as classroom sizes increase and supports for teachers are cut,” said Oberle.

“It is clear from a number of recent research studies that teaching is one of the most stressful professions, and that teachers need adequate resources and support in their jobs in order to battle burnout and alleviate stress in the classroom, ” said UBC education professor Kimberly Schonert-Reichl, the study’s co-author and director of HELP. “If we do not support teachers, we risk the collateral damage of students.”

 

46. It can be concluded from the research made by University of British Columbia that .
    1. cortisol levels were verified to be a reliable indicator of pressure
    2. children’ cortisol levels were measured by their saliva
    3. students’ cortisol levels were influenced by teachers’ burnout
    4. the rising of cortisol levels was related to psychological problems

 

47. Which of the following identities belongs to Eva Oberle?
48. Child-education specialist. B) The sole author of the study.
49. C) UBS assistant D) The new director of HELP.
50. According to Eva Oberle, increased cortisol and teacher tiredness occurred .
    1. by chance B) at the same time        C) in a known sequence      D) in cycles
51. What did Kimberly Schonert-Reichl suggest providing for teachers who want to struggle with occupational burnout?
    1. The increase of class B) Sufficient resources for the work.
    2. C) A long break from D) The stress relief in the classroom.
52. The work “ collateral” (Line 4, Pare. 8 ) most probably means .
    1. indirect B) immediate                 C) permanent                     D) temporary

 

Passage Two

The old romantic adage (谚语) is a cute one, but according to recent studies, opposites don’t necessarily

attract.

Research shows that people rend to seek out relationships with-and eventually marry-partners who have

similar defining characteristics, such as age, political orientation, religion, education, and income.

“Generally speaking, when we think about opposites attracting or not, we’re thinking in terms of personality rather than these big key demographic factors.” says Vinita Mehta, a clinical psychologist and writer based in Washington, D.C.

One big factor as to why this may be is simply your stage of life; where you live, what lifestyle you have, and what kind of people you’re exposed to.

“If you’re on a college campus, by and large, you’re going to find people who are in your age group,” Mehta says. “You’re going to find people who at least eventually become part of the same general income strata (阶层).”

Researchers from the University of Kansas made a bolder claim. A study released earlier this year analyzed real-world relationships and asked couples ( romantic partners, friends, and acquaintances ) about attitudes, behavior, values, prejudices, and personality traits that were important to them. The pairs that had closer and more intimate relationships were not necessarily more similar than newly formed  pairs, and people shared similarities on almost every personal issue that was measured.

The lead psychologists on this study believe this doesn’t happen by chance; it’s so common and widespread that seeking out like-minded people may be our psychological default when we make new friends or romantic partners. We certainly get the most out of these relationships. They make us more comfortable and trusting of the other person, and that makes it easier to cooperate and achieve goals.

As far personalities go, connecting on major traits, like levels of neuroticism ( 情 绪 不 稳 定 性 ) and

conscientiousness, generally lead to happier couples. But that doesn’t mean you and your significant other need to agree on everything. Having different quirks (怪癖) -less defining parts of your personality, like your favorite sport or foods-can introduce you to new activities and ways of thinking, which can make you a more well-rounded person.

 

51. What does “ these big key demographic factors” (Line 2, Para. 3) refer to ?
    1. These similar defining B) These similar psychological characteristics.
    2. C) The different cultural D) The different geographic factors.
52. According to Vinita Mehta, college students tend to make friends with people of similar .
    1. religion B) character                  C) age          D) background
53. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the research conducted by the University of Kansas?
    1. The participants were asked questions about their partners

 

1. The similarity between partners may not change with
2. The subjects have almost everything in
3. The phenomenon takes places accidentally.

54. What is the purpose of citing the studies in the passage?
    1. To show what kind of people we should get acquainted with.
    2. To find out what stage of life we are
    3. To prove we are drawn to what is
    4. To introduce the advantages like-minded people can bring to
55. What’s the author’s attitude towards the similarities between couples?
    1. C) Uninterested.
    2. D) Objective.

 

 

Part Ⅳ             Translation                                            (30 minutes)

当前，中国外交站在了一个新的历史起点。我们的国家出来么有像今天这样接近世界舞台的中央，从   来没有像今天这样全面参与国际上的各种事务，也从来没有像今天这样承担着维护世界和平与发展的重要   责任。新起点带来新使命，新形势带来新要求。外交学院作为外交部的直属院校，不论什么时候，第一要   务都是为我们国家的外交事业服务。

Key to Model Test Five

 

Part I       Writing

高分范文

精彩点评

Free Health Care ① Health care has long been a major concern to the government and the public. When it comes to medical charges, some people think free health care can greatly improve their quality of life. Others argue that covering the medical cost will impose a heavy burden on the government. ②As far as I’m concerned, people have the right to enjoy free health care. ③ Many remarkable reasons contribute to my view. ④ For one thing, citizens have fulfilled their obligations to pay taxes. In the meantime, they should be entitled to free public services, like health care. ⑤ For another, there are still a great number of people who live under the poverty line but need urgent medical care. Therefore, free medical policy can extend the coverage of medical care to more people and reduce the number of people who risk financial ruin because of medical cost. ⑥In summary, each individual should have access to free medical care, which is one of the basic social welfare. And a greater role government to play in health care should be advocated.

①开门见山，描述现象：医疗保健一直是政府和公众关注的重大问题。当谈到医疗费用时， 有的人认为免费的医疗服务能大幅度提高他们的生活质量；另一些人则人物免费的医疗服务会给政府带来沉重的负担。 ②给出自己的选择：人们有权享有免费的医疗 服务。 ③阐述支持免费医疗的原因有很多。 ④⑤使用For one thing,…For another,…具体分析不同的原因，层次分明。 ⑥给出结论，首尾呼应。加分亮点 impose…on… 把……施加于…… fulfill obligations 履行义务 be entitled to 有权；有……的资格 have access to 有接触（或进入、使用）的机会 （或权利） social welfare 社会福利

 

 

 

Section A

Part II           Listening Comprehension

 

News Report One

 

The continent of Antarctica is surrounded by sea ice.(1)The amount of ice grows in winter and shrinks in summer.  The total area it covers changes from year to year. And it just set a new record in January, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration reports. That month, Antarctic sea ice shrunk to the lowest monthly extent ever recorded.

The cause of the record-low ice—and whether future years will similarly buck the growing trend—is unclear, James Pope said in a statement. He is a climate scientist with the British Antarctic Survey in Cambridge, England. (2) “It is difficult to identify what is causing the record minimum and whether anything significant has changed so close to the record-setting event,” he said. Researchers may not understand for years what caused the decline in sea ice. “We will now study the data with interest and look at what is causing this minimum,” he said.

Meanwhile, in the Northern hemisphere, where it is winter, Arctic sea ice is growing. But sea ice there set another record. It had its smallest January extent on record. That edges out the previous record—set just last year.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1. What do we learn about Antarctic sea ice? C)
2. What does James Pope say about the cause of the record-low ice? C)

News Report Two

Europe’s Atlantic-facing countries will suffer heavier rainfalls, greater flood risk, more severe storm damage and an increase in “multiple climatic hazards,” according to the most comprehensive study of Europe’s vulnerability to climate change yet.

Temperatures in mountain ranges such as the Alps and the Pyrenees are predicted to soar to glacier-melting levels, while the Mediterranean faces a “drastic” increase in heat extremes, droughts, crop failure and forest fires.

• Europe and the entire Northern hemisphere are warming at a quicker pace than elsewhere, to the extent that tropical

 

diseases such as West Nile fever are expected to spread across northern France by mid-century.

Hans-Martin Füssel, one of the lead authors of the European Environment Agency report, said that scientific evidence was pointing increasingly to a speeding up in the pace of climate change.

• “We have more data confirming that sea-level rise is accelerating,” he said. “It is not a linear trend, largely due to increased disintegration of ice sheets. There is also new evidence that heavy precipitation has increased in Europe. That is what is causing the floods. The climate projections are coming ”

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3. What do we learn about the entire Northern hemisphere? B)
4. What does Hans-Martin Füssel say? D)

News Report Three

• Scientists may have just given hydrogen a squeeze strong enough to turn it into a metal. The important point here is that they “may” have. In fact, some critics strongly dispute the new
• Under extremely high pressures hydrogen may become reflective. Researchers at Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass, have just claimed to have seen it. That reflectivity is a key trait of metals. Their feat required compressing hydrogen to 4.9 million times atmospheric

If correct, this crushing work would end a decades-long search for a material that could have unusual properties, such as superconductivity—the ability to conduct electricity without resistance.

• Most superconductors work only at extremely cold temperatures. But some scientists have calculated that metallic hydrogen might prove a relatively high-temperature superconductor. It might have this trait even at room temperature—higher than any other known superconductor. If so, the new discovery would raise hopes that superconducting metallic hydrogen could be used in power lines. That could make transmission of electricity vastly more

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5. What is this news report mainly about? B)
6. How can we make hydrogen become reflective according to the news report? A)
7. What do we learn about superconductors? C)

Section B

Conversation One

W:Hi, Jack. What are you doing?

M: Hi, Mary, (8)I’m filling out a job application. W:Are you finished with school already?

M: No. I have one more semester, but it would be great to have a job lined up. W:Good for you. What particular field do you plan to enter?

M: Well, I am considering a job related to my major. (9)You know, I don’t want the four-year college life to be futile. W:Definitly. Is it hard for you to find a job that deals with sociology?

M: Well, sociology covers a wide range. I’d rather narrow it down to something in the non-profit organizations. You know, I spent my internship at a company which deals with agriculture, food, and nutrition. I have learned a lot from my  precious experience.

W:What have you learned in particular?

M: The NGO I worked in has a long history of community involvement. Supported by a foundation, we were involved in a vast number of non-profit programs that focused on the improvement of nutrition for children of the minority groups. (10)I learned to understand the needs of some poor people from the inside out. And I also learned to communicate with them effectively.

W:Sounds fruitful. But how did you handle your conflict with your study and your work?

M: Well. That year was hell for me! The schedule was extremely tight for me. However, I managed. And I’d say that I’d rather enjoy a stressful life which motivates you to be a better man.

W:I am glad to hear that. One more question: How do you handle your failure?

M: Well. (11)None of us is perfect. I’m sure everyone deserves a second chance to correct his mistakes.

 

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. What is the man doing at the beginning of this conversation? A)
9. Why does the man want to find a job related to his major? A) 10.What has the man learned from his internship? C)
10. How does the man view failure? B)

Conversation Two

W: OK, Professor Johnson. Today, let’s talk about something about American history. It is said that American Revolution period is also called an age of reason. I wonder why?

M: (12)Because in the 18th century, people believed in man’s own nature and the power of human reason. With Franklin as its spokesman, the 18th century America experienced an age of reason and enlightenment.

W: I see. There were a lot of prominent people who founded the USA in the first place. Do you know some of the names? M: I can recall the first president of our nation, George Washington, who was appointed commander in chief of the

Continental army at the outbreak of the War. After victory he was elected president.

W: Look at this picture we took in an exhibition. It seems like a part of the Declaration of Independence!

M: (13-1)It is indeed. It is said that the Declaration of Independence was drafted by four great men in America. W: (13-2)I guess Thomas Jefferson was one of them.

M: (13-3)You are right! He was also the third president of the USA.

W: Was Benjamin Franklin the second president then? I remember he was called father of America?

M: (14)Nope. Benjamin Franklin was a successful statesman, businessman, scientist and writer. But he was never elected president.

W: Then why was he called father of our country?

M: I bet that has a lot to do with his achievements in the above fields. In fact, he was also the embodiment of American Dream.

W: (15-1)I know that because the was raised in a very poor family and he had little formal education but he worked hard  and grabbed each opportunity to fly that high.

M: (15-2)That is the essence of American Dream, isn’t it?

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. Why was the American Revolution period called an age of reason? B)
13. What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson? B)
14. What do we learn about Benjamin Franklin? D)
15. What is the essence of American Dream? A)

Section C

Passage One

The next time you snap a selfie with your friends on holiday or a night out, you might just be creating the next artistic masterpiece.

• London’s Saatchi Gallery is planning a new exhibition to explore the importance of selfies as an art It will feature not only self-portraits by the likes of Vincent Van Gogh, but also more recent celebrity selfies. Members of the public will also be invited to submit their own photos for the exhibition.

The popularity of the selfie has rocketed since the invention of smartphones and in 2013 Oxford Dictionaries named “selfie” as their word of the year.

The Saatchi Gallery said the exhibition will showcase a selection of well-known pieces as well as “selfies that have quickly become icons of the digital era.‘

More modern examples in the exhibition will include a selfie taken by Kim Kardashian and another of former US President Barack Obama with former Prime Minister David Cameron.

• Nigel Hurst, chief executive officer at the Saatchi Gallery, described the smartphone selfie as an example of a shift in society using technology as a means of self-expression.

The gallery will also include the launch of the Selfie competition, asking people around the world to post their most

 

interesting selfies on social media for a chance to be featured in the exhibition.

Glory Zhang of Huawei, which is partnering with the Saatchi Gallery for the exhibition, said: “The smartphone has become a tool of artistic expression. (18)The selfie generation is becoming the self-expression generation as each of us  seeks to explore and share our inner creativity through the one artistic tool to which we all have access: the smartphone.” Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. What is London’s London’s Saatchi Gallery planning? A) 17.How did Nigel Hurst describe the smartphone selfie? C)
17. What facilitates the exploration and share of our inner creativity? C)

Passage Two

Christmas is supposed to be a peaceful and joyous time of year with festivities filled with love and kindness. But this frightening tradition that terrifies children in parts of Europe smashes all of the warm and fuzzy feelings associated with the holidays.

Every year in countries such as the Czech Republic naughty boys and girls are visited by Saint Nicholas and the devil. (19)The evil figure carries a stick and is tasked with punishing children who have misbehaved over the past year, although his presence alone is enough to scare them straight.

Footage from the Czech Republic shows the unlikely pair of Saint Nicholas and the devil, given the nickname Bertik, visiting a home in the run-up to Christmas. (20)Young children are left in fear as they hide under their beds and run to their parents to get away.

While Saint Nicholas gives his attention to good boys and girls, the devil warns the “ bad kids” they could be put in his sack and taken to hell. Children are forced to entertain the devil with a song or dance, but they’re often too terrified to make a move.

Similar traditions occur in a number of European countries, and the most common form is Krampus, a Christmas goat-demon which punishes naughty children. The terrifying horned beast with long dark hair and fangs carries a stick to beat the kids who haven’t been nice.

He will even lick them with his evil snake tongue. (21)The mythical creature was born in Austrian folklore and even has his own parade in countries such as Germany, Croatia and Slovenia.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. What role does the devil play at Christmas in the Czech Republic? A)
20. How do children visited by the devil at Christmas react in footage from the Czech Republic? B)
21. Where was Krampus, a Christmas goat-demon, born? B)

Passage Three

• Imagine your objective is to learn how to speak English fluently. What should you do if you don’t know how to begin your sentence, even after thinking for a while; if you stop in the middle of a sentence, and can’t continue because you don’t know a word; if you produce awkward-sounding sentences because you don’t know how to say something in a natural way; if you often make mistakes and are not aware of them?
• You need more input, not more speaking practice. More speaking will not improve your vocabulary and grammar; actually, it can make things worse.(24)Such problems show that adults continue thinking in their native language; it is extremely stressful to think in one language and speak in another. That is why adults, especially beginners, don’t want to talk to talk in the

There is no evidence that speaking with native speakers alone will help you in acquiring fluency in English. The transition from the traditional method of English learning, Passive Learning, to more efficient Active Training of English Skills requires revising what we assume is involved in speaking fluent English. Both learners and teachers need to change their beliefs and recognize misconceptions, some of which are so powerful that they actually prevent learners from speaking fluent English.

(25)Ability to speak is a skill and not information! Any skill should be trained. It is a misconception that to train conversational skills you need to speak with native speakers! In speaking you reinforce what you already know.

The comprehensible input brings new word blocks to the learner which he first imitates and then after multiple

 

repetitions will be able to produce automatically. Conversations with native speakers do not have these input characteristics.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. What is this passage mainly about? C)
23. What is necessary for us to learn English well according to the speaker? D)
24. Why don’t adult beginners want to talk in class? A)
25. What does the speaker say about the ability to speak? B)

 

 

Part Ⅲ  Reading Comprehension

Section A

选项归类

名词:A)complements 补充物，衬托物；B) conceptions 概念，设想；J)model 模型，模范； N)verification 验证，确认动词：C)crack 破解（难题、密码）； D) defend 保护，辩护；F)identify 确定，确认； I) interfere 干涉，妨碍；

1. K) occur 发生，发现；L)replace 取代，代替

形容词：E)enough 足够的，充足的； G) inappropriate 不合适的，不恰当的；O)widespread 普遍的，广泛的副词：H) increasingly 日益增加地，越来越多地；M)traditionally 传统上，习惯上

详解详析：

26. 答案：C)crack

详解：通过分析句子结构可知，either…or…连接并列结构,or 后面是 hard to remember,那么，either 后面也应该是相同的结构，即 adj.+ to do,空格前面已有 easy to，因此空格处需要填入动词原形。前一句提到“密码是一件让人头痛的事”。本句继续指出“这些密码那要么很容易                                          ，要么很难记住”，由此可知，此处应选择能与密码搭配的动词，并且和“很难记住”一样表示弊端，备选动词中只有 C)crack“破解（难题、密码）”符合语境，故为答案。

27. 答案：K) occur

详解：此空格位于 when 引导的时间状语从句中，空格前为从句的主语空格后是主语 breaches，空格后是主句， 并且主句的时态是一般现在时，因此空格处应填入动词原形作从句的谓语。本句提到“当破解    时，你就不得不想出一个全新的密码”,由此可知，原来的密码是无效了，也就是说被破解了，故此处应选择与发生意义相近的动词，因此 K) occur “发生，发现”为答案。

28. 答案：E)enough

详解：空格在系动词 are 之后，因此空格处需要填入形容词作表语。上文提到“人们正努力彻底摆脱密码，到目前为止，指纹识别器在这方面做的非常好”，本句接着指出“只有指纹还不                                                            ”，由句首的 Still“然而”可推测，本句和上文之间是转折关系，并且空格后一句中提到还需要提供更好的措施。由此可知，E)enough“足够的，    充足的”为答案。

29. 答案：H) increasingly

详解：空格前面有系动词 become，后面有形容词 important，因此空格处需要填入副词。本句提到“网络安全已变得 重要，这迫使服务提供商想出更好的措施来维护用户信息，比如双因素认证”。根据句意可知，空格处需要填入一个表示肯定的副词，修饰 important，而 M)traditionally“传统上，习惯上”与句意不符，故 H) increasingly “日益增加地，越来越多地”为答案。

30. 答案：D) defend 保护，辩护

详解：空格前面有名词短语 two-factor authentication 和 to，后面是名词短语 user information，因此空格处需要填入动词原形，构成不定式短语，作目的状语。本句提到“网络安全的重要性迫使服务提供商需要提供比指纹更好的措施，比如双因素认证来 用户信息”，由此可知，密码、指纹识别和双因素认证这些措施都是为了保护网络安全，空格处应选择与网络安全意义相近的动词，故 D) defend“保护，辩护”为答案。

31. 答案：A)complements

详解：空格前有动词 find 和形容词 biometric，后面是一个定语从句，因此空格处应填入名词作 find 的宾语，通过分析句子结构可知，空格后面定语从句的谓语 are 表明，主语 that 所指代的先行词应该表示复数的概念，所以空格处需要填入名词的复数形式。本句提到“许多公司转向我们身体的其他部位来寻找胜任这项任务的生物计量 ，

 

而我们的面部和眼睛位居榜首”。上文提到“仅有指纹识别并不够，网络安全还需要服务提供商提供比指纹更好的    措施”，由此可知，面部和眼睛等身体其他部位是用来补充指纹这一现有的生物计量识别手段，很显然 A)complements “补充物，衬托物”为答案。

32. 答案：N)verification

详解：通过分析句子结构可知，and 连接并列结构，and 前面是名词 passwords，由此可知，and 后面也应该是名词，而空格前有 clunky text-message two-factor 作修饰语，因此空格处应填入名词。本句提到“这种配对会同时消除密码和笨拙的短信双因素    ，使其成为一个完全的生物计量过程”。此处的“这种配对”是指代上一句中提到的 facial and eye-based recognition，人脸识别、人眼识别以及密码都是认证方法，结合本段第二句中的 two-factor authentication“双因素认证”可以推出，此处应选择与认证意义相近的名词，故 N)verification“验证，确认”为答案。

33. 答案：L)replace

详解：空格前面是 are meant to 结构，后面有代词 it，因此空格处需要填入动词原形。本句提到“指纹识别器的普及、盛行和便捷意味着它会继续流行，并且人们决不会打算用人脸识别和人眼识别                                                                           它”，由第二个 and 可知，其前后两个分句之间是顺承或递进关系，因此第二个分句的意思和第一个分句一致，都表明指纹识别会继续流行，而第二个分句句首的 by to means 意为“决不”，所以此处应选择与流行意义相反的动词，故 L)replace“取代， 代替”为答案。

34. 答案：J)model

详解：空格前有不定冠词 a 作修饰语，因此空格处应填入可数名词的单数形式。本句提到“以指纹识别器的使用为 ，乔杜里对虹膜识别和人脸识别做出推测”。由此推出，指纹识别器是乔杜里的推测依据，故此处应选择   与依据意义相反的名词，故 J)model“模型，模范”为答案。

35. 答案：O)widespread

详解：空格再系动词 becoming 之后，因此空格处需要填入形容词作表语。上文提到“乔杜里把人脸识别和人眼识别这种新方法视为对指纹识别的补充，虽然我们目前拥有这种技术可能速度或安全性还不足以实现真正的便捷和    实用，但我们越来越接近这一目标了”，本句继续指出“乔杜里预计，大约还要五年的时间，虹膜识别和人脸识别    才会   ”，并且接下来的一句提到在之前我们仍需使用指纹，故此处应选择与达到目标意义相近的形容词， 故 O)widespread“普遍的，广泛的”为答案。

 

Section B

语篇分析

本文通过介绍尼古拉·索普事件， 讲述了英国女性挑战带有性别歧视的着装规范。	[A]~[C]段介绍了尼古拉·索普因拒绝穿高跟鞋而被解雇的事件，以及她发起的请愿和此事件的 影响。
	[D]~[J]段介绍了两个议会委员会的调查结论，并分析了尼古拉·索普、普华永道会计事务所和 Portico 公司三方对该结论的态度。
	[K]~[P]段举例说明职场着装性别歧视的普遍性，并揭示了这种社会文化习俗很难改变。
	[Q]~[R]段萨姆·斯迈瑟分析了女性忍受职场着装性别歧视的原因，并对雇主提出了相关建议。

 

详解详析：

详解：E)段定位句指出，在调查期间，委员会接到了女性发来的数百封投诉信，她们抱怨公司要求其“将头发染成金黄色”“穿暴露的服装”或者“经常补妆”。报告称“歧视性的着装规范仍然十分普遍”。该段第一句中女性向委员会投诉的公司着装规范可概括为 companies’ regulations on hair, clothes and makeup，第二句中的 Discriminatory

 

和 widespread 分别与题干中的 gender-biased 和 common 对应。题干是对该惯的概括，故 E)为答案。

详解：L)段第一句指出，但法律专家和女性权利倡导者表示，社会和文化习俗更加难以改变。第二句则以人们对特雷莎·梅和特朗普的态度为例，说明人们对女性和男性衣着的区别看待，从而证明第一句的观点。题干中的 social and cultural customs 对应定位句中的 social and cultural conventions; more difficult to change 对应定位句中的 harder to change，题干是对该段的总结，故 L)为答案。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

详解：B)段定位句提到，五个月后，老家是北方海滨城市布莱克浦的女演员索普女士发起了一项请愿，呼吁制定法律，以确保没有任何公司能够要求女性穿高跟鞋上班。题干中的 appealed for 和 a law protecting women from being forced to work in heels 分别是定位句中 calling for 和 a law that would make sure no company could ever again demand that a woman wear heels to work 的同义转述，故 B)为答案。

详解：J)段定位句提到，普华永道会计事务所强调，Portico 在 2015 年 12 月提出的着装规范是 Portico 的政策，并且由 Portico 公司的一名主管强制执行。由此推知，该着装规范是 Portico 公司制定的。题干中的 emphasized 和implemented 分别对应定位句中的 stressed 和 enforced,故 J)为答案。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

详解：A)段第一句提到临时主管在尼古拉·索普去公司报到时指出不许穿平底鞋，第二句表明尼古拉·索普被要求穿高跟鞋。题干中的 reported for duty, astonished 和 temporary director 分别是定位句中 reported to work, shocked 和temp supervisor 的同义转述，故 A)为答案。

 

详解：Q)段最后一句提到，在英国人们要花费大约 1 500 美元才能把一个案件提到劳资仲裁法庭，即使没有这种费用约束，“有些女性也不想被视为闹事者或者冒失去工作的风险。”由上文可知，定位句句首的 She 指代该段第一句中的萨姆·斯梅瑟。定位句的 cost about $1,500 和 this financial constraint 表明提起诉讼的费用很高。题干中的dismissal 是定位句中 losing their jobs 的同义转述，故 Q)为答案。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

详解：N)段第一句指出，英国电视主持人皮尔斯·摩根在采访索普女士时坚持认为，希望一名接待员穿细跟鞋并非毫无道理。接着《太阳报》的头条斥责：“让皮尔斯穿上高跟鞋。”那么可以推断他支持的是 Portico 公司的着装规范，而《太阳报》发表的言论表明该报反对皮尔斯·摩根的观点。题干中的 caused a stir on Twitter 对应定位句中的 inspired a Twitter storm，题干是对该段的概括，故 N)为答案。

详解：D)段提到这两个委员会已于周三发布了一项报告，其结论是坚持让索普女士穿高跟鞋的外包公司 Portico 违反了法律。报告还补充说，现存法律需要进一步加强，以废除那些陈旧和有性别歧视的职场规则。题干中的 violation of the law 和 the need to strengthen the present law 分别对应定位句中 had broken the law 和 existing law needed to be toughened 的同义转述，故 D)为答案。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

详解：H)段定位句提到，索普女士表示，她拒绝穿高跟鞋是对性别歧视的一种抗议，同时也是一个公共健康问题，    因为高跟鞋对女性的双脚造成伤害。题干中的 refused to wear heels 和 object to sexism and discrimination 分别是定位句中 resistance to heels 和 a protest against sexism and discrimination 的同义转述，故 H)为答案。

 

 

 

 

 

 

详解：C)段指出，这项请愿获得超过 15 万人的签名，激发了公众的反对——数十名职业女性在推特上发布了自己穿平底鞋以示抗议的照片——还促使两个议会委员会监督调查。题干中的Dozens of working women 和posting their own pictures 分别对应定位句中的 dozens of professional women 和 posted photographs of themselves，并且题干中的 a social media website 指代原文中的 Twitter，故 C)为答案。

 

Section C

 

全文翻译：

Passage One

 

根据英国哥伦比亚大学的一项研究，教师的职业倦怠可能与学生的压力有关。

这是第一个调查教师职业倦怠与学生皮质醇含量之间关系的研究，其中皮质醇含量是一种判断压力的生物学指

标。

研究人员收集了 400 多个小学生的唾液样本，并测试了他们的皮质醇含量。（46）研究人员发现，在教师表现

出更多倦怠或者情绪疲劳感的班级，学生们的皮质醇含量会有所上升。较高的皮质醇含量与小学生的学习困难及心    理健康问题相关联。

（47）“这意味着在教室里可能发生教师和学生之间的压力传染，”伊娃·奥伯利说道，她是此向研究的第一作者 ，也是人类早期学习合作研究部新任命的助理教授，该研究部隶属于英国哥伦比亚大学的人口与公共卫生学院。

（48）“尚不清楚谁发生——升高的皮质醇还教师的职业倦怠。我们认为学生和教师压力之间的关系是发生在教室里的 一个循环问题。”

奥伯利表示，充满压力的教室气氛可能是由对教师的支持不够造成的，这可能会影响教师有效管理学生的能力。    管理不善的教室会导致学生需求无法被满足以及压力的不断攀升。这在学生升高的皮质醇含量上有所体现。

另一种情况是，压力可能来源于那些由于焦虑增加、行为问题严重或特殊需求而教育引起来更有挑战性的学生。    在这种情况下，教师可能感到崩溃，表现出较高的职业倦怠。

“我们的研究让大家注意到，在教室规模扩大和对教师的支持缩减时，教师和教育工作者所面临的系统性问   题，”奥伯利说。

（49）“从近期大量的研究调查研究中可清楚地看到，教学是压力最大的职业之一，而且教师在他们的工作中需要 足够的资源与支持来抵抗职业倦怠和减轻教师里的压力，”英国哥伦比亚大学教育学教授金伯利·斯科勒-莱克利说    道，他还是该研究的合著者以及人类早期学习合作研究部的主管。（50）“如果我们不支持教师，我们就会有让孩    子们受到间接伤害的风险。”

详解详析：

46. 答案：C)

定位：由题干中的 research 和 University of British Columbia 定位到第三段第二句。

详解：推理判断题。第三段第二句提到，研究人员发现，在教师表现出更多倦怠或情绪疲劳感的班级，学生们的皮质醇含量会有所上升。由此推断，学生们的皮质醇含量受教师职业倦怠的影响，故答案为 C)。A)“皮质醇含量被证实是一个可靠的压力指标”，原文并未提及皮质醇含量作为判断压力的可靠性，故排除；B)“儿童的皮质醇含量通过测量唾液得出”，第三段第一句得到，研究人员收集 400 多个小学生的唾液样本，并测试了他们的皮质醇含量，该选项在原文直接提及，无需推断，故排除；D)“皮质醇含量的升高与心理问题有关”，第三段最后一句表明，    在此次研究之前，皮质醇的较高含量就已经与小学生的学习困难及心理健康问题联系起来了，由此可知，皮质醇含量的升高与心理问题有关并非此次研究得出的结论，故排除。

47. 答案：C)

定位：由题干中的 identities  和 Eva Oberle 定位到第四段第一句。

详解：事实细节题，定位句指出，伊娃·奥伯利是此次研究的第一作者，也是人类早期学习合作研究部新任命的助理教授，该研究部隶属于英国哥伦比亚大学的人口与公共卫生学院。由此可知，伊娃·奥伯利是英国哥伦比亚    大学的助理教授，故答案为 C)。A)“儿童教育专家”，原文虽然涉及小学生的教育，但并未表明伊娃·奥伯利就是儿童教育专家，故排除；B)“该项研究的唯一作者”定位句提到伊娃·奥伯利是此项研究的第一作者，这表明该研究还有其他作者，而且第八段第一句指出金伯利·斯科勒-莱克利是该研究的合著者，由此可知，该选项与原文表述    不符，故排除；D)“人类早期学习合作研究部的新主管”，定位句指出，伊娃·奥伯利是人类早期学习合作研究部    新任命的助理教授，而不是新主管，故排除。

48. 答案：D)

定位：由题干中的 Eva Oberle, increased cortisol 和 teacher tiredness 定位到第四段最后两句。

详解：推理判断题。定位句提到，伊娃·奥伯利认为，尚不清楚谁先发生——升高的皮质醇还是教师职业倦怠，    学生和教师压力之间的关系是发生在教室里的一个循环问题。由此可推出，升高的皮质醇和教师的职业倦怠是循环

 

发生的，故答案为 D)，同时排除 C)“按已知的顺序”。A)“偶然地”，原文并未提及，故排除；B)“同时”定位句提到尚不清楚这两者哪一个先发生，这表明身高的皮质醇和教师职业倦怠的发生是有先有后的，并不是同时发生，    故排除。

49. 答案：B)

定位：由题干中的 Kimberly Schonert-Reichl 和 struggle with occupational burnout 定位到最后一段第一句。

详解：事实细节题。定位句指出，金伯利·斯科勒-莱克利说道，教师在他们的工作中需要足够的资源与支持来抵抗职业倦怠和减轻教室里的压力。由此可知，他建议给那些想要与与职业倦怠作斗争的教师们提供工作所需的资源，故答案为 B)。A)“教室规模的扩大”虽在第七段有所提及，但它不是金伯利的观点，故排除；C)“休个长假” 原文并未提及，故排除；D)“教室的压力的减轻”，由定位句可知，给教师提供他们教师所需的资源与支持，其目的是为了抵抗职业倦怠和减轻教室里的压力，因此该选项是对原文的曲解，故排除。

50. 答案：A)

定位：由题干中的“ collateral”和 Line 4, Pare. 8 定位到第八段最后一句。

详解：语义理解题。定位句提到，如果我们不支持教师，我们就会让孩子们受到 collateral 伤害的风险。而上一句指出我们支持教师的目的是为了让他们抵抗职业倦怠和减轻教师里的压力。并且第五段也提到，充满压力的教室气氛可能是由于对教师的支持不够造成的，这可能影响教师有效管理学生的能力，而管理不善的教室会导致学生需求无法满足以及压力的不断攀升，这会反应在学生身高的皮质醇含量上。由此推断，我们不支持教师，会对教师造成直接影响，然后教师再对孩子造成影响，故答案为 A)“间接的”，同时排除 B)“直接的”。C)“永久的”和 D) “暂时的”，原文并未提及伤害持续的时间，故均排除。

Passage Two

全文翻译：

这句关于爱情的古老谚语非常精辟，但根据最新研究，相异并未相吸。

（54-1）研究表明，人们往往寻求与自己显著特征相似的伙伴关系，并最终结婚，这些特征有年龄、政治倾向、宗教 信仰、学历和收入等。

• “一般而言，当我们思考相异是否相吸时，我们考虑的是性格方面，而不是上述这些非常关键的本质特征 ，”华盛顿哥伦比亚特区的临床心理学家和作家维尼塔·梅塔说道。

究其原因，其中一个重要因素就是你所处的人生阶段：你住在何处，你拥有什么样的生活方式，还有你接触的    是哪类人。

• “如果你是在大学校园里，一般来说，你会去找年龄相仿的人，”梅塔说道。“你会去找那些至少最终 会成为与你总收入处于相同阶级的人。”

来自堪萨斯大学的研究人员提出一个更大的观点。今年早些时候发表的一项研究，分析了一些现实生活中的伙伴关系，并向几对人（恋人、朋友和熟人）询问了他们认为重要的态度、行为、价值观、偏见和人格特质量。（53/54-2）    对于上述问题的观点，那些关系更亲密的搭档不一定比新组成的搭档更相似，并且在测试中的每一个个人问题上， 人们几乎拥有共同之处。

（54-3）领导该研究的心理学家认为，这并非偶然发生的；它是如此的常见和普遍，因此当我们结交新朋友或恋人 时，寻求志趣相投的人可能是我们的心理缺陷。我们肯定会从这些关系中获得最大收益。它们让我们感觉更舒适，    并且更加信任他人，而这使取得合作和实现目标变得更容易。

（55）随着性格的深入，在将情绪不稳定和责任心程度等显著特质联系在一起时，伴侣们通常会更幸福。但这并 不意味着你和你的另一半需要在每件事上都达成一致。拥有不同的怪癖——你的性格中不那么典型的部分，比如你最    喜欢的运动和或食物——可以将你引入新的活动和思维方式，这会使你成为一个更全面的人。

详解详析：

51. 答案：A)

定位：由题干中的 these big key demographic factors 和 Line 2, Para. 3 定位到第三段。

详解：语义理解题。第三段指出，一般而言，当我们思考相异是否相吸时，我们考虑的是性格方面，而不是上述这些非常关键的本质特征，而上文提到研究表明，人们往往寻求与自己显著特征相似的伙伴关系，并最终结婚，    这些特征有年龄、政治倾向、宗教信仰、学历和收入等。由此推断，第三段中的 these big key demographic factors 是指代上文提到的这些相似的本质特征，故答案为 A)。B)“这些相似的心理特征”，虽然原文第七段第一句和第二个分句中提到了 psychological default，但是指心理缺陷，而不是心理特征，故排除；C)“不同的文化因素”和 D)

 

“不同的地理因素”原文并未提及，故排除。

52. 答案：C)

定位：由题干中的 Vinita Mehta 和 college students 定位到第五段第一句。

详解：事实细节题。定位句指出，梅塔说道：“如果你是在大学校园里，一般来说，你会找年龄相仿的人”。由此可知，维尼塔·梅塔认为大学生往往会与年龄相仿的人交朋友，故答案为 C)。A)“宗教”，第二段提到人们也会寻求与自己宗教相似的伙伴关系，但这是某项研究得出的结论，并不是维尼塔·梅塔的观点，故排除；B)“性格”，第三段虽然提及该选项，但与大学生交朋友无关，故排除；D)“背景原文并未提及古排除

53. 答案：B)

定位：由题干中的 the University of Kansas 定位到第六段最后一句。

详解：推理判断题。第六段最后一句提到，堪萨斯大学的研究发现，对一些问题的观点，那些关系更亲密的搭档不一定比新组成的搭档更相似。由此推出，搭档之间的相似度不一定会随着亲密度发生变化，故答案为 B)。A) “受试者被问及与其搭档相关的问题“，由第六段第二句可知，该项研究确实向受试者询问了一些问题，但无法从原文推断出这些问题是关于受试者自己还是他们的搭档，故排除；C)”受试者几乎在每一方面都有相同之处“，第六段最后一句提到，该项研究发现在测试中的每一个个人问题上，人们几乎都拥有共同之处，而不是泛指所有方面，    故排除；D)“该现象是偶然发生的”，第七段第一句指出这并非偶然发生的，该选项与原文表述相反，故排除。

54. 答案：C)

定位：由题干中的 the passage 定位到第二段、第六段最后一句和第七段第一句。

详解：推理判断题。第二段的研究表明人们往往寻求与自己显著特征相似的伙伴关系，并最终结婚；第六段中堪萨斯大学的研究发现，受试者与搭档之间的相似度不受其亲密度的影响；第七段进一步强调堪萨斯大学的研究发    现具有必然性和普遍性，即人们在结交新朋友或恋人时，往往会寻求志趣相投的人。由此可知，作者虽然提及人们    会结识与自己显著特征相似的人，但这是第一项研究结果，并非作者列举研究的目的，故排除；B)“为了弄清楚我    们目前所处的人生阶段”和 D)“为了介绍志趣相投的人能给我们带来好处”，虽然分别在原文第四段和第七段最后两句有所提及，但不是作者所列举研究的目的，故排除。

55. 答案：D)

定位：由题干中的 the author’s attitude 和 the similarities between couples 定位到最后一段。

详解：观点态度题。作者在最后一段第一句提到，随着性格的深入，在将情绪不稳定和责任心程度这样的主要特征联系在一起时，伴侣们通常会更幸福。由此可知，作者认为性格主要特质的相似性有好处。紧接着第二句句首    的 But 表明句意发生了转折，该句指出这并不意味着你和你的另一半需要在每件事上都达成一致，并在第三句做出了进一步的解释，拥有不同的怪癖可以将你引入新的活动和思维方式，这会使你成为一个更全面的人，这两句表明    作者认为伴侣之间存在不同也有好处。综上可以判断，作者对伴侣之间的相似之处持客观态度，故答案为 D)。

Part Ⅳ  Translation

参考译文

China’s diplomacy now stands at a new historical starting point. Never before has our country been so close to the center of the world stage as today; never before has our country so fully participated in various kinds of international affairs as today; never before has our country shouldered such important responsibilities for maintaining world peace and development as today. The new starting point brings along the new mission, and the new situation creates new requirements. China Foreign Affairs University being an institution of higher learning directly under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, its  top priority is always to serve our nation’s diplomacy at any given time.

难点注释

1. 第一句中，“历史起点”可直译为 historical starting point。
2. 第二句是由三个排比句组成，翻译时要注意结构对称。在这三个分句中，时间状语“从来没有”均可译为 never before，并置于句首，从而让句子形成部分倒装，谓语均使用现在完成时；比较状语“像今天这样”则都可译为 as today。第一个分句中的谓语“接近”可译为动词短语 be close to； 第二个分句汇总的“全面”可译为副词 fully；第三个分句中的“承担”可译为 shouldered/undertaken，“维护世界和平与发展”可译为 maintaining world peace and development。 第三句含有两个并列分句，谓语都是“带来”，翻译时为了避免重复可使用不同的动词短语 bring along 和 create。

4.最后一句中，主句是“第一要务都是为我们国家的外交事业服务”，翻译主语“第一要务”top priority 时可使用增译法，增加物主代词its，使得译文在语法和语言形式上更符合译文习惯；“外交学院作为外交部的直属院校”可

 

译成独立主格结构，相当于一个带有自己主语的状语从句，用来表示原因，其逻辑主语为 China Foreign Affairs University，Affairs，作定语，用来修饰表语 an institution of higher learning;时间状语“不论什么时候”则译为 at any given time,放置句尾。

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