语篇完型
Directions: In this part of the test, there are ten blanks. You are required to choose one word for each blank from a list of choices given in the word bank below to complete the passage. Read the passage carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each choice on the Answer Sheet. You MAY NOT USE ANY OF THE WORDS in the bank MORE THAN ONCE.
1.
A. apply B. supposed C. accurate D. consume E. existing F. maintain G. options H. nature I. sensitive J. address K. willingness L. destroy
A recent troubling study showed that “fake news” spread significantly faster, deeper and more broadly than the truth, and the effect is even more remarkable when regarding news as opposed to reporting on natural disasters, finance or science. So how can we encourage individuals to seek ____1____ online content? Leading scholars are trying hard to deal with this question.
Processing new information requires a considerable mental effort, especially when that information seems to conflict with your ____2____ worldview. It takes the ____3_____ to admit you may be wrong. But with a great amount of conflicting information available, who’s to say what’s actually true and what’s false? If you can’t tell, why not just make life easy and go with what supports your current beliefs?
So what ____4____ do we have? Many suggest that we can ____5____ the issue by reforming adult behavior, but this is aiming too far from source. An alternative solution is using early education to help individuals recognize these problems and ____6____ critical thinking to the information they deal with. Currently, there is a push in the US to include Internet information classes into primary and secondary school curriculums. The movement, which has received some support, aims to make fact-checking seem like second ____7____ to individuals at an early age.
Primary and secondary school are ___8_____ to be supplying students with the skills they need to develop into productive and informed members of our society. As our society develops, the curriculum we are teaching our students needs to develop as well.
The Internet is an amazing tool, but to use it most effectively we have to accept its benefits while also understanding the ways in which it makes us dangerously ____9____. If students are still learning the practices such as writing in school, shouldn’t they be learning how to ____10____ the Internet responsibly as well?
2.
A. sponsor B. athletic C. fulfill D. presented E. consciousness F. isolated
G. accepted H. enduring I. embarrassment J. competing K. programs L. kind
Life isn’t easy for families of children with special needs. Faced with responsibility of a family member requiring extra attention and care, many families feel lonely, ___1_____ and hopeless. In many cases, the families feel a sense of ____2____ because their children are not “perfect”. But Taiwan Sunshine wants to change that.
Founded in 2009, Taiwan Sunshine believes that all children have characteristic value, and by supporting the families who care for children with special needs, it can change the____3____ understanding. In doing so, it hopes to help these children become useful members of society.
The Taipei-based, non-profit organization seeks to ____4____ these goals in three ways. First, it offers in-school programs, often centered on events like Christmas. Second, it develops conferences for use in schools, churches and other organizations. These conferences raise____5____ of the issues that families with special-needs children face and encourage organizations to develop programs to support these families. Third, Taiwan Sunshine works with other groups to put together and ___6_____ the “I Am a Hero Games.”
During the games, children compete in different ___7_____ activities, such as the ball throw and running race. When children aren’t ____8____, they enjoy other activities, such as playing with dogs from a local therapy program. Each game includes a prize-awarding ceremony in which all the children are formally____9____ with medals to celebrate their accomplishments.
Through___10_____ like the Hero Games, Taiwan Sunshine is working hard to meet the needs of families with special-needs children.
3.
A. complications B. immediate C. undergone D. seriously E. assuming F.address
G. trade H. covered I. switch J. apparently K. offer L.disappear
Have you ever looked at someone else’s life with envy, just enough envy that you wish for a moment or two (or longer) that you could be them? Are there moments when, if the opportunity to be them were on ____1____, you might be tempted by it?
Would we really want this? And what might we learn about ourselves or how we see our lives if we ___2_____ considered it? To be sure, there are ____3____ here. If you had someone else’s life, who would raise your children or love your spouse or take care of your parents in their old age?
In fact, if you were someone else your own children would not have come into existence in the first place. That’s not a happy thought. To ____4____ this, perhaps the best way to cast this is in terms of a trade: If you had their life then they would have yours, and live it exactly as you would have. Your responsibilities would be ___5_____, so there would be nothing to feel guilty about.
If we think of it this way, then the question of wanting to be someone else is a question of what we might call experience: Is there anybody else whose experience of life you would prefer, ____6____ everything else would be equal? One ____7____ concern about wanting someone else’s experience is that my desire to be someone else is grounded in values and desires that I have, and so I have to be me in order to want to be him. However, it’s not clear that that presents any real obstacle to such a desire. The fact is that there would be at least enough overlap (重叠)with them that they are exemplifying my values and desires but have a better experience than I do. So I can still prefer to be them.
I think that, on reflection, most of us would not want to ____8____ with another person, no matter how successful or tempting their lives seem. To see why, though, we’ll need to ____9____ our angle of vision. We will have to look at our own experiences rather than at theirs, or perhaps look at our experiences first. What would I be willing to give up to be another? My relationships with everyone — children, spouse, friends —and my whole history. I wouldn’t have ___10_____ it. My loss would be that of the whole of my own experience.
4.
A. stressed B. exhibited C. reveals D. momentary E. reluctance F. unforgettable G. attaches H. amusedly I. understatement J. confusedly K. delivery L.stand
The Correct Answer to the Question
The usual answer to the greeting “How are you?” is generally “Not too bad.” Why? Because it’s all-purpose. Whatever the circumstances, whatever the conditions, “Not too bad” will get you through. On an average day it ____1____ a confusing modesty. In good times it implies a decent pessimism (悲观), a kind of ____2____ to express oneself. And when things are rough, really rough and annoying, it becomes a heroic ___3_____, as if everything goes well. Best of all, it gently prevents further inquiry with all three syllables (音节) equally ____4____, because it is basically meaningless.
Americans are small-talk artists. They have to be. This is a wild country. The weakest agreement ____5____ one person to the next. So the “Have a nice day”, the “Hot enough for you”, and the “How about those guys” serve a vital purpose. Without these little commonly-used phrases and the ____6____ social contract that they represent, to calm people, the streets would be a free-for-all exhibition of disaster.
But that’s the negative view. Some of my happiest interactions with other human beings have been glancing moments of small talks. It’s an extraordinary thing. A person stands before you, a complete stranger, and the best everyday small talk can have his or her soul ____7____ in front of your eyes.
I was out walking the other day when a UPS truck pulled to the side of the road. As the driver leaped from his cab to make a ____8____, I heard relaxing music coming out of the truck’s speakers — a kind of familiar and weightless blues music, and it’s my favorite tune. “China Cat Sunflower?” I said to the UPS guy as he rushed back to his truck. He ____9____ showed a huge smile, “You got it, babe!”
The exchange of feelings, the perfect understanding, the simplest small talk that emerged instantly between us, and, most of all, the ___10_____ “babe”—I was high as a kite for the next 10 minutes after such a pure small talk.
5.
A. enormous B. decrease C. experienced D. positive E. popularity F.efficiently
G. focus H. expand I. respectful J. protect K. fiercely L. fast
Eco-tourism involves people travelling to beautiful but environmental sensitive place. Such trips are usually carried out with a(n) ____1____ guide. Over recent years this type of travel has been steadily gaining ____2____ as more people search for new travel experiences.
It is obvious that eco-tourism is beneficial in many aspects. First, all the money spent by the tourists is used to ____3____ the important environmental spots they visit. Second, it helps visitors to better understand the environment, which is sure to ____4____ their knowledge of the world. Furthermore, this style of travel is also more ____5____ of the local culture.
Compared to normal tourists, eco-tourist use energy more ____6____, save water and produce less rubbish by finding ways to recycle it. These behaviors have a(n) ____7____ and lasting effect on the local environment.
Two things are needed to make eco-tourism a success. First, it should be done in small groups. And second, because it requires ____8____ effort, both eco-tourists and locals must be sincere in their devotion to improving the environment.
Green travel provides local people with jobs in parks, hotels and shops. One great achievement of eco-tourism has been the ____9____ of illegal hunting. Former hunters can now work as guides to help keep the animals safe in their natural surroundings.
Peru is one country using eco-tourism to promote respect for the environment. It’s not able to take better care of its rainforests because of ____10____ on more sustainable travel.
In addition to this, local people’s living-standards have improved. Many others are now following Peru’s example and using eco-tourism to preserve their environment for the future generations.
6.
A. confusingly B. robbing C. apply D. accelerates E. bearable F. fear
G. underlying H. temporarily I. claims J. bargain K. outcomes L.happily
The Danger of Sharenting
For the vast majority of people, checking social media involves a mix of expectation and curiosity. The app feeds on a collective ____1____ that we are missing out on something, whether it’s a fabulous party, a pop-up sale, or the mere concept of vacation. But the same dynamic doesn’t quite ____2____ to parents sharing pictures of their young children online. There certainly may be an element of proud boasting: “Admire my little son’s taste in jazz,” etc. But these carefully chosen photos often do little more than help parents escape from a harsh day ____3____. The isolation of parenthood delivers one to strange places, and you need your tribe. Sharing images on social media makes the experience ____4____, connecting one to a larger world.
In his new book Why We Should Think Before We Talk About Our Kids Online, Leah Plunkett, a Harvard psychology professor, argues that “sharenting” happens when an adult transmits private details about a child via digital channels. It ___5_____ a child’s entry into “digital life.” Studies estimate that by 2030 nearly two-thirds of identity-fraud cases affecting today’s children will have been caused by sharenting.
For Plunkett, there are a couple of reasons to be concerned about sharenting. On a philosophical level, sharenting exposes children to the larger digital world without their permission, ____6____ them of a kind of privacy. This feeds into Plunkett’s second, much broader concern. The ____7____ problem with sharenting is the same with many adult-world privacy issues: the bargain we have made in exchange for these services is that we surrender our data and choose not to imagine the worst-case scenarios. Could things that parents post about children produce real-world ____8____, in terms of bullying, professional reputation, or future prospects? Today, long before children take their first step, their digital data already travels to “thousands, likely tens of thousands, of human and machine users.” How long will it be until someone ____9____ the power to predict who a child will become as an adult based on these data points?
Plunkett’s concerns made parents reconsider their choices. In the end, Plunkett’s advice is to “make more mindful choices” about digital lives though parenthood is often so ____10____ vague that mindfulness seems impossible.
7.
A. advanced B. automatically C. bay D. boost E. contained F. exposed
G. interacted H. randomly I. reaction J. sprayed K. spread L. explained
Change Behavior to Prevent Infection
During flu season, frequent hand-washing is a must, as is avoiding co-workers or friends who are sick. But we humans are not the only animals that change behavior to keep diseases at ____1____, and so do ants.
Nathalie of the University of Lausanne and her colleagues observed ants to see their ____2____ to the presence of a pathogen (病原体). “With the nurses staying inside and taking care of the young, the worker ants are all outside of the nest to collect food and defend the territory.” Worker ants are at greater risk of getting ___3_____to diseases because they leave the safety of the nest. So the researchers ____4____ a common fungus (真 菌) on a small group of worker ants and then followed their movements to see the way other ants reacted. “We marked all ants in the colony with individual labels, which is____5____detected and recorded using a tracking system.”
After the infection, the nurse and worker ants stayed within their small group and ____6____ less outside of their work group. The researchers also saw that worker ants spent more time outside of the nest. “They increase that amount by 15 percent so by quite a long large amount.” The researchers measured the amount of fungus on each ant and saw that it was almost completely ____7____to the worker group. Some nurse ants and the Queen only had trace amounts of fungus’ spores (孢 子) on them. The study indicated that the group behavior effectively stopped the ____8____of the fungus. Something that’s quite interesting in these ants is that the very small amount of the spores can____9____their natural defenses and protect them against later exposure to the same pathogen. It seems that in their ability to avoid infecting other members of the community, ants may be more ____10____than we are.
8.
A.simply B.constant C.disappointing D. distinguish
E. undertaken F.experienced
G. negative H. outcome I. pattern J. plural K. repeatedly
L. rewarded
According to psychologist Katherine Phillip, children don’t benefit from ___1___praise as much as we’d like to think. “Parents often praise, believing they are building their child’s self-confidence. However, over-praising can have a __2___ effect,” says Phillip. “When we use the same praise__3___, it may become empty and no longer valued by the child. It can also become an expectation that anything they do must be ___4___with praise. This may lead to the child avoiding taking risks due to fear of ___5___their parents.”
Does this mean we should do away with all the praise? Phillip says no. “The key to healthy praise is to focus on the process rather than the___6___. It is the recognition of a child’s attempt, or the process in which they achieved something, that is essential,” she says. “Parents should encourage their child to take the risks needed to learn and grow.”
So how do we break the___7___of praise we’re all so accustomed to? Phillip says it’s important to___8___between “person praise” and “process raise”. “Person praise is ___9___ saying how great someone is. It’s a form of personal approval. Process praise s acknowledgement of the efforts the person has just ___10___. Children who receive person praise are more likely to feel shame after losing,” says Phillip. [
9.
A.changes B.flexible C. intensity D.recent E.securityF.reduce
G.relatively H.safety I.resistant J.expensive K.force L.accordingly
After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: The damage and death toll(死亡人数) could have been much worse. More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, and earthquake of similar ___1___that shook America in 1998 claimed 25,000 victims.
Injuries and deaths were ___2___less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. On a holiday, when traffic was light on the city’s highway. In addition, ___3___ made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city’s buildings and highways, making them more ___4___ to quakes.
In the past, making structures quake-resist-ant meant firm yet ___5___materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to ___6___the impact of ground vibrations. The most ___7___designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquake’s vibrations. When ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would ___8___the building to shift in the opposite direction. The new designs should offer even greater ___9___ to cities where earthquakes often take place.
The new smart structures could be very ___10___to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.
10.
A. accurate B. conclusion C. directly D. either E.evaluate F. vulnerable
G. flights H.largely I.nearby J. respond K. slim L.spread
Finally, some good news about airplane travel. If you are on a plane with a sick passenger, you are unlikely to get sick. That is the ___1___of a new study that looked at how respiratory(呼吸道) viruses ___2___on airplanes. Researchers found that only people who were seated in the same row as a passenger with the flu, for example —- or one row in front of or behind that individual —- had a high risk of catching the illness. All other passengers had only a very ___3___ chance of getting sick, according to the findings. Media reports have not necessarily presented ___4___ information about the risk of getting infected on an airplane in the past. Therefore, these new findings should help airplane passengers to feel less ___5___ to catching respiratory infections while traveling by air.
Prior to the new study, little was known about the risks of getting ___6___infected by common respiratory viruses, such as the flu or common cold, on an airplane, the researchers said. So, to ___7___the risks of infection, the study team flew on 10 different ___8___ in the U.S. during the flu season. The researchers found that passengers sitting within two seats on ___9___side of a person infected with the flu, as well as those sitting one row in front of or behind this individual, had about an 80 percent chance of getting sick. But other passengers were ___10___safe from infection. They had a less than 3 percent chance of catching the flu.
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