北京市2019年中考英语试卷
一、单项填空
从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.Mr. Wang is coming to our school. I can’t wait to see .
A. her B. him C. it D. them
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：王老师要来我们学校了，我迫不及待要看到他。her她，人称代词宾格；him他，人称代词宾格；it它；them他们，人称代词宾格。根据句意可知，这个空代指的是Mr. Wang，是男性，故应选B。
2.We planted some flowers the garden yesterday.
A. on B. to C. in D. of
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：昨天我们在花园里种植了一些花。on在…上面；to到…；in在…里面；of…的。根据句意和常识可知，花应该种在花园里，故应选C。
3.— Excuse me, .is this T-shirt?
— It’s 88 yuan.
A. how much B. how many C. how long D. how old
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：-打扰一下，这件T恤衫多少钱？-88元。how much多少钱，提问价格；多少，提问数量，修饰不可数名词；how many多少，提问数量，修饰可数名词；how long多长时间；how old多大，提问年龄。根据下面的回答It’s 88 yuan可知，这里问的是T恤衫的价格，故应选A。
4.— Lily, _____ you finish the letter in ten minutes?
— Yes, I can.
A. must B. should C. need D. can
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：-Lily，你可以在十分钟之后完成这封信吗？-是的，我能。must必须；should应该；need需要；can能，可以。根据下面的回答Yes, I can可知，一般疑问句也应用can，故选D。
5.This cap is nice, it doesn’t look good on me.
A. for B. so C. but D. or
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：这个帽子很漂亮，但是戴在我头上看起来不好看。for为了，因为；so因此；but但是；or或者，否则。根据句意，空前…is nice，空后是doesn’t look nice，前后是转折的关系，故应选C。
6.Julie takes good care of the family dog. She is than her brother.
A. patient B. more patient
C. most patient D. the most patient
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：Julie把家里的狗照顾得很好，她比她的弟弟更有耐心。patient耐心的，形容词；more patient更有耐心的；most patient最有耐心的；the most patient最有耐心的，最高级。根据句意和空后的than可知，这里应用形容词的比较级，故选B。
7.Sam with his friends every weekend.
A. skates B. is skating C. has skated D. was skating
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：Sam每个周末和他的朋友们去滑冰。skates滑冰，动词的第三人称单数形式；is skating现在进行时；has skated现在完成时；was skating过去进行时。根据句意和句中every weekend可知，这里表达经常性的动作，应用一般现在时，主语Sam是第三人称单数，故应选A。
8.— Tom, what’s your dad doing?
— He my bike.
A. repairs B. will repair C. has repaired D. is repairing
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：-Tom，你的爸爸在做什么？-他正在修理我的自行车。repairs修理，第三人称单数形式；will repair一般将来时；has repaired现在完成时；is repairing现在进行时。根据问题what’s your dad doing使用的是现在进行时，答语中也应用现在进行时，故应选D。
9.Our school life a lot since 2017. We have more activities now,
A. changes B. changed C. will change D. has changed
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：自从2017年我们的学校生活变化了很多，我们现在有更多的活动。changes改变，第三人称单数形式；changed是过去式；will change一般将来时；has changed现在完成时。根据句意和句中的时间状语since 2017可知，该句表示过去的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，故选D。
10.If you want to visit the Palace Museum, I tickets for you tomorrow.
A. will book B. booked C. have booked D. was booking
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：如果你想要参观故宫博物院，我明天将会给你订票。will book一般将来时；booked一般过去时；have booked现在完成时；was booking过去进行时。句中If引导的是条件状语从句，从句中使用一般现在时，主句应用一般将来时，故应选A。
11.My advice on how to save paper by my class last Monday.
A. accepts B. accepted C. was accepted D. is accepted
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：我的关于怎样节省纸的建议上周一被我的班级接受了。accepts接受，第三人称单数形式；accepted过去式；was accepted一般过去时的被动语态；is accepted一般现在时的被动语态。根据句意可知，该句的主语My advice与动词accept构成被动关系，应用被动语态，故先排除A和B；根据句中的时间状语last Monday可知，应用一般过去时，故选C。
12.— Did you notice . in her office?
— Yes. She was going over our writing.
A. what was Miss Lin doing B. what Miss Lin was doing
C. what does Miss Lin do D. what Miss Lin does
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：-你注意林小姐在干什么了吗？-是的，她正在检查我们的写作。what was Miss Lin doing林小姐在干什么，疑问语序；what Miss Lin was doing陈述语序；what does Miss Lin do林小姐是干什么的；what Miss Lin does陈述语序。根据句子结构可知，这里考查的是宾语从句，从句中应用陈述语序，故先排除A和C。根据答语She was going over our writing可知，这里问的是过去正在做的事情，应用过去进行时，故选B。
二、完形填空
阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
Run for Class President
Two months ago, when our class election(选举) started, I decided to run for class president. I enjoyed speaking in public and got along well with people, so I felt it easy to win. But I was ___13___that people would feel bad for me if I lost.
I was busy preparing in the following week. My plan wasn’t to make promises to do things I couldn’t ___14___ but to show my class why I wanted to be president. I put up my posters in hallways and in the classroom. I also spent three hours writing my speech, saying that I was the one they could turn to whenever they had a problem. Since I was ___15___prepared, I felt that my chances of winning were strong.
However, when I gave my speech on Election Day, the response (反应) wasn’t what I had ___16___. Few people actually listened. When it was my opponent’s (对手的)turn, everyone was screaming his name. His speech was short, but all to the point. By then, I realized I should have made mine shorter and clearer.
It was obvious who would ___17___. For the rest of the day, I felt like it was over. I wanted to just go home and cry, but I made it through.
My ___18___ was right: I didn’t win.
The next day, people were still talking about the election. I just pretended (假装) not to hear. But later, things got better. People ___19___about the election and talked to me just as they did before.
I don’t regret putting time and energy into the election because I’ve learned that things aren’t always going the way I expect. And moments of failure like this build ___20___ —since then I’ve learned to face disappointment and grown stronger.
13. A. bored B. afraid C. excited D. hopeful
14. A. compare B. remember C. manage D. repeat
15. A. fully B. quickly C. freshly D. physically
16. A. feared B. faced C. mentioned D. pictured
17. A. insist B. return C. wait D. win
18. A. suggestion B. prediction C. direction D. introduction
19. A. forgot B. wrote C. cared D. discussed
20. A. trust B. pride C. character D. support
【答案】13. B 14. C 15. A 16. D 17. D 18. B 19. A 20. C
【解析】
【分析】
这篇短文中作者记叙了两个月前他参加竞选班长的经历，他为了这个竞选做了充分的准备，以为胜券在握，但事实并非如此，他的竞争对手最后赢得了竞选。通过这件事作者学到了很多，他并不后悔为此付出的精力和时间，经历失败会让他变得更加坚强。
【13题详解】
句意：但是我害怕如果我输了，人们会为我难过。考查形容词辨析，bored感到无聊的；afraid害怕的；excited兴奋的；hopeful有希望的。根据上句话I enjoyed speaking in public and got along well with people, so I felt it easy to win.和句中…that people would feel bad for me if I lost.可知，作者自己感觉没什么，但是“害怕人们会为他难过”，故应选B。
【14题详解】
句意：我的计划不是承诺去做我无法做到的事情，而是向全班展示我为什么想要成为班长。考查动词辨析，compare对比；remember记得，记住；manage设法做到，管理；repeat重复。根据句意My plan wasn’t to make promises to do things…可知，作者不承诺去做自己做不到的事情，故应选C。
15题详解】
句意：既然我做了充分的准备，我感觉我获胜的机会非常大。考查副词辨析，fully充分地；quickly快速地；freshly新近，气味清新地；physically身体上地。根据上文I put up my posters in hallways and in the classroom. I also spent three hours writing my speech, saying that I was the one they could turn to whenever they had a problem可知，作者为竞选做了充分的准备。故应选A。
【16题详解】
句意：然而，当我在选举日那天做演讲时候，得到的回应与我想象的不同。考查动词辨析，feared畏惧，害怕；faced面对；mentioned提到，提及；pictured想象。根据句意可知，现场的反应与作者想象的是不同的。故应选D。
【17题详解】
句意：谁会赢是很明显的。考查动词辨析，insist坚持；return归还，回来；wait等待；win赢。根据文意和下文My ___6___ was right: I didn’t win.可知，作者在参加一个班长的竞选，因此这里应表示“赢得竞选”，故应选D。
【18题详解】
句意：我的预测是对的：我没有赢。考查名词辨析，suggestion建议；prediction预测；direction方向；introduction介绍。根据上文It was obvious who would ___5___. For the rest of the day, I felt like it was over. I wanted to just go home and cry, but I made it through.可知，作者已经猜到了谁会赢得这次竞选。故这里应表示“我的预测是对的”，选B。
【19题详解】
句意：人们忘记了选举的事，像以前一样和我说话。考查动词辨析，forgot忘记；wrote写；cared关心，在乎；discussed讨论。根据语境But later, things got better. …and talked to me just as they did before.可知，后来人们就慢慢忘记了竞选的事，又和以前一样了。故应选A。
【20题详解】
句意：像这样的失败的时刻会塑造性格—从那以后，我学会了面对失望，变得更加坚强。考查名词辨析。trust相信，信任；pride骄傲；character性格；support支持。根据空后since then I’ve learned to face disappointment and grown stronger.可知，经历失败，作者变得更加坚强，所以失败的经历能塑造性格。故应选C。
【点睛】这是一篇记叙文，短文作者记叙了自己参加竞选班长的经历，短文按照时间顺序记叙，叙述清晰、完整，最后点明了自己从这次经历中学到的东西。内容贴近学生们的日常生活，比较容易理解。题型是完形填空，考查学生们在具体语境中运用语言的能力，综合性较强。做题时，应先通读短文，了解大意；然后根据上下文语境做题，先易后难，注意空前后的固定搭配，并仔细辨析选项中每个单词的意思和用法；最后将答案代入原文，再读一遍，检查答案是否正确。例如第4小题，考查动词辨析，feared畏惧，害怕；faced面对；mentioned提到，提及；pictured想象。根据句意可知，现场的反应与作者想象的是不同的。故应选D。这个题目学生们要特别注意picture这个词作动词的意思，因为学生们对这个词主要记住的是名词的意思。再如第6小题，考查名词辨析，suggestion建议；prediction预测；direction方向；introduction介绍。根据上文It was obvious who would ___5___. For the rest of the day, I felt like it was over. I wanted to just go home and cry, but I made it through.可知，作者已经猜到了谁会赢得这次竞选。故这里应表示“我的预测是对的”，选B。
三、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
A
Experiencing China
| Mike, Canada
I spent three months with my host family(接待家庭) in China. It was a lifetime experience. I was able to experience Chinese living and culture from basic Tai Chi to Beijing Opera. I even visited a famous traditional Chinese medicine hospital. Now I have a better understanding of Chinese culture. |
| Joanna, Australia
I stayed with my host family for five months. My host mother is a Chinese teacher and she is really warm-hearted. With her help my Chinese has improved a lot. And I have got used to a new culture. My favorite part of the experience was sharing my feelings in China with her. |
| Bill, America
My host mother is a wonderful cook! She makes me all kinds of traditional Chinese dishes. They are tasty and I like them very much. Just like me my host parents love to learn about different cultures. They often ask me questions about life in America. |
| Cindy, Germany
Recently I took part in a program to study Chinese. I lived with a host family in China for six months. My host sister is a really hardworking student. It was amazing to see how she made progress in English. And a close relationship has developed between us. |
21. Who visited a traditional Chinese medicine hospital?
A. Mike. B. Joanna. C. Bill. D. Cindy.
22. How long did Joanna stay with her host family in China?
A. Three months. B. Four months.
C. Five months. D. Six months.
23. Cindy thinks her host sister is .
A. a wonderful cook B. a responsible doctor
C. a warm-hearted teacher D. a hardworking student
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D
【解析】
随着中国在世界上影响力的提高，越来越多的外国学生来到中国学习。短文中的这几名学生就来自不同的国家，但他们都有在中国学习的经历。在文中他们讲述了自己对这次经历的感受。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。由题干中a traditional Chinese medicine hospital可定位至短文第一段中I even visited a famous traditional Chinese medicine hospital.这句话，再找到文章的开头Mike Canada可知，Mike参观了著名了中医医院。故应选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据题干中的人名Joanna可定位到短文第二段，根据第一句话I stayed with my host family for five months.可知，她和她的寄宿家庭一起待了五个月。故应选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据题干中的人名Cindy可定位到短文第四段，根据I lived with a host family in China for six months. My host sister is a really hardworking student.可知，Cindy觉得寄宿姐姐是一个非常用功的学生。由此可知应选D。
B
Blue Lightning
Sally loved cars more than anything else. This spring she thought of building a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race. So she asked her dad for help.
“Well,” he said. “How about this: you do some research first and then come back to me with a design.”
A week later Sally brought her notes and drawings to Dad. She named her go-kart “Blue Lightning”. Dad looked over her work, thinking. “Well, that’s interesting,” he said. “Have a try. Just build Blue Lightning as you’ve designed.”
Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go-kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her to take it for a test drive. Sally agreed.
After she did that, Sally drove back to Dad. “Well,” she said. “Now I know why you wanted me to have a test drive.”
“Oh, do you?” he said. “Please share.”
“When I drove fast, there was a lot of pushback,” she said. “I think it’s because of the lightning bolt (闪电) shape.”
“Very good!” Dad said.
“So, why didn’t you tell me about that problem in the first place?” Sally asked.
Dad laughed. “Where’s the fun in that? If you give a man a fish, he’ll eat for a day. But if you teach a man to fish, he’ll eat for a lifetime.”
Sally said, “I see. Anyway, designing is half the fun !”
Dad smiled. “Good. Sometimes, learning happens during the process. We learn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakes along the way.”
That encouraged Sally and she worked even harder. When she showed Dad her new go-kart, he nodded with pride.
Finally came the race. Sally wasn’t worried about whether she would win—in her mind, she had already won, by building something better than ever before.
24. Sally thought of building a go-kart to .
A. practice driving B. enter for a race
C. play with friends D. do some research
25. What did Sally’s dad ask her to do after she built the go-kart?
A. To have a test drive. B. To take a good rest.
C. To give it a cool name. D. To paint it light blue.
26. Sally’s story mainly tells us that .
A. winning a race is important
B. fishing brings us a lot of fun
C. driving experience is necessary
D. learning happens during the process
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. D
【解析】
【分析】
Sally非常喜欢汽车，她想要自己制作一辆卡丁车去参加比赛，并向爸爸求助。经过三个周末的努力，Sally的卡丁车做好了，爸爸让她先去试一试。经过试驾，Sally发现卡丁车还存在一些问题，她问爸爸为什么之前不告诉她，爸爸说有时候我们就是通过犯错来学习的。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据短文第一段第二句话This spring she thought of building a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race.可知，Sally想要自己制作一辆卡丁车去参加比赛。由此可知应选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据短文第四段Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go-kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her to take it for a test drive. Sally agreed.可知，Sally把卡丁车做好后，给爸爸看，爸爸让她先去试驾一下。由此可知应选A。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文意和短文倒数第三段的内容Dad smiled. “Good. Sometimes, learning happens during the process. We learn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakes along the way.”可知，短文通过讲述Sally制作卡丁车参加比赛的过程，告诉我们，有时候学习就是在过程中发生的。故D选项最符合文意。
【点睛】这篇短文通过讲述Sally制作卡丁车参加比赛的过程，告诉我们在做事情的过程中学习把事情做好这个道理。文章篇幅较长，但句式结构简单，叙述清晰，内容也比较贴近日常生活，比较容易理解。阅读理解是中考英语的经典题型，主要考查以下几个方面的能力：1. 掌握文章的主旨大意；2.理解文章事实和细节；3.根据上下文猜测生词词义；4.理解文章上下文逻辑关系，做合理的推测和判断；5.领会作者的写作目的、观点和态度。题型设置常有：细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题和主旨大意题。做题时，先通读短文，了解文章大意；然后根据题目所问，锁定文章相关段落或语句，或利用文章信息进行推测和判断。细节题相对较简单，可以根据题干所问，锁定文章相关信息作答。如第2小题，根据题干所问锁定文章第四段，根据Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go-kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her to take it for a test drive. Sally agreed.可知选A。
C
Sometimes it seems that time is flying. Perhaps it doesn’t need to feel this way. Our experience of time can be possibly changed. By understanding the psychological (心理学的) processes behind our different experiences of time, we might be able to slow down time a little.
One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when we’re exposed(接触) to new environments and experiences. The law is caused by the relationship between our experience of time and the amount of information our minds process. The more information our minds take in the slower time seems to pass.
It follows, then, that we have different experiences of time in different situations. In some situations, our life is full of new experiences. Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down. In other situations, we have fewer new experiences and the world around us becomes more and more familiar(熟悉的). We become insensitive to our experience, which means we process less information, and time seems to speed up.
How can we slow down time? Here are two suggestions.
Firstly, since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster, we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences as possible. We can give ourselves new challenges, meet new people, and expose our minds to new information, hobbies and skills. This will increase the amount of information our minds process and expand (增加) our experience of time.
Secondly, and perhaps most effectively, we can give our whole attention to an experience-to what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling or hearing. This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts. For example, on the way home, focus your attention outside of yourself, instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with. Look at the sky, or at the buildings you pass, traveling among them. This open attitude to your experiences helps take in more information and also has a time-expanding effect.
To a certain degree, we can understand and control our experience of time passing. It’s possible for us to slow down time by expanding our experience of time.
27. According to the writer, we can expand our experience of time by .
A. going to bed on time B. traveling to new places
C. having dinner as usual D. printing the same materials
28. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Being familiar with the world around helps us get more information.
B. Understanding psychological time makes life pass more quickly.
C. We can take in more information by living through our senses.
D. We should build a stronger relationship between time and us.
29. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Slow Down Time B. Only Time Will Tell
C. Race Against Time D. Time Will Not Come Twice
【答案】27. B 28. C 29. A
【解析】
你知道吗？我们对时间的体验是可以改变的。根据心理学上的一个基本规律：当我们接触新的环境和经历时，时间好像就会慢下来。怎样让时间慢下来呢？短文中给了我们两条建议。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据文意和短文第二段One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when we’re exposed(接触) to new environments and experiences.可知，当我们接触新环境和经历时，时间好像会变慢。结合选项：A是“按时上床睡觉”；B是“去新的地方旅行”；C是“像往常一样吃晚饭”；D是“打印相同的材料”。故应选B。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据短文第六段Secondly, and perhaps most effectively, we can give our whole attention to an experience-to what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling or hearing. This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts.可知，通过我们的感官，我们可以吸收更多的信息。故应选C。
【29题详解】
主旨大意题。根据短文第一段Our experience of time can be possibly changed.；再根据第二段One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when we’re exposed(接触) to new environments and experiences.以及第四段How can we slow down time? Here are two suggestions.可知，短文先告诉我们“时间的体验是可以改变的”，然后从心理学的角度解释了其中的原理，并对如何使时间变慢提出了建议。因此整篇文章都是围绕Slow down time展开的，故选A最合适。
D
How Much Can We Afford to Forget?
In 2018, Science magazine asked some young scientists what schools should teach students. Most said students should spend less time memorizing facts and have more space for creative activities. As the Internet grows more powerful, students can access (获得) knowledge easily. Why should they be required to carry so much of it around in their heads?
Civilizations（文明）develop through forgetting life skills that were once necessary. In the Agricultural（农业的）Age, a farmer could afford to forget hunting skills. When societies industrialized, the knowledge of farming could be safe to forget. Nowadays, smart machines give us access to most human knowledge. It seems that we no longer need to remember most things. Does it matter?
Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen. For one, human beings have biases（偏见），and smart machines are likely to increase our biases. Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective, but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process. In the process, human beings still decide on the correct answers.
Another problem relates to the ease of accessing information. When there were no computers, efforts were required to get knowledge from other people, or go to the library. We know what knowledge lies in other brains or books, and what lies in our heads. But today, the Internet gives us the information we need quickly. This can lead to the mistaken belief-the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along.
In a new civilization rich in machine intelligence, we have easy access to smart memory networks where information is stored. But dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harmed easily. The collapse of any of the networks of relations our well-being（健康）depends upon, such as food and energy, would produce terrible results. Without food we get hungry; without energy we feel cold.And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age.
We forget old ways to free up time and space for new skills. As long as the older forms of knowledge are stored somewhere in our networks, and can be found when we need them, perhaps they’re not really forgotten. Still, as time goes on, we gradually but unquestionably become strangers to future people.
30. ·Why are smart machines likely to increase our biases?
A. Because they go off course in testing and scoring.
B. Because we control the training process on them.
C. Because we offer them too much information.
D. Because they overuse the provided answers.
31. The ease of accessing information from the Internet ·
A. frees us from making efforts to learn new skills
B. . prevents civilizations from being lost at a high speed
C. misleads us into thinking we already knew the knowledge
D. separates the facts we have from those in the smart machines
32. The word “collapse” in Paragraph 5 probably means‘‘—，，·
A. a sudden failure B. the basic rule
C. a disappointing start D. the gradual development
33. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage?
A. To question about the standards of information storage.
B. To discuss our problems of communication with machines.
C. To stress the importance of improving our memorizing ability.
D. To remind us of the risk of depending on machines to remember.
【答案】30. B 31. C 32. A 33. D
【解析】
随着互联网越来越强大，我们很容易就可以获得所需要的知识，我们是不是就不需要再记忆很多东西了呢？作者对此是持否定态度的，并仔细分析不靠自己的记忆，而去依赖机器会导致很多问题的发生，提醒我们依赖智能机器记忆是有风险的。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据短文第三段For one, human beings have biases（偏见），and smart machines are likely to increase our biases. Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective, but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process．In the process, human beings still decide on the correct answers可知，智能机器是通过重复测试和评分过程的训练，在这个过程中，人类仍然决定着正确的答案。故B选项符合文意。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据短文第四段中But today, the Internet gives us the information we need quickly. This can lead to the mistaken belief-the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along.可知，互联网给我们提供了方便，可以让我们快速得到所需要的信息，但这可能会导致错误的信念，我们发现的知识是我们一直都知道的一部分。由此可知应选C。
【32题详解】
词义猜测题。根据上下文语境But dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harmed easily. The collapse of any of the networks of relations our well-being（健康）depends upon, such as food and energy, would produce terrible results.可知，对网络的依赖很容易受到伤害，后面举例说明网络的…会导致可怕的后果。结合选项：A是“突然的失败”；B是“基本规则”；C是“令人失望的开始”；D是“逐渐的发展”。根据文意可知应选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据短文第二段的最后It seems that we no longer need to remember most things. Does it matter?以及第三段Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen.、第四段Another problem relates to the ease of accessing information、第五段But dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harmed easily等可知，短文作者先提出问题“我们还需要再记忆很多东西吗？”，然后分析了这个问题，发现如果不靠自己的记忆，而去依赖机器会导致很多问题的发生，由此可知推知作者写这篇文章的目的是提醒我们依赖机器记忆是有风险的。故应选D。
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Huge Waves Destroying Arctic Ice Faster than Expected
Ice covers much of the Arctic Ocean（北冰洋）. Some pieces of ice are huge, like moving islands. As temperatures have increased, however, some of the ice has begun to disappear. Scientists have discovered huge waves（海浪）in the arctic waters.
The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010. Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip. They wanted to study the icy waters.
On May 2, the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large chunk of ice around 50 miles from the small island of Hopen. Marchenko prepared to lead his students out onto the Ice.
“We were ready to go but when I went out, I discovered many cracks（裂缝）around,” he remembers.
He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe. The farther in they went, he thought, the harder the ice would become. As they pushed forward, however, the ship experienced small waves, and then bigger ones. Soon, the waves broke up the ice around the ship into thousands of smaller pieces．
Within an hour, Marchenko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high. The ship’s navigation（航行）system finally recorded the largest waves. They were more than 20 feet in height. The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and down, breaking the ice into smaller pieces within just one hour. Scientists had never imagined that the process could happen so fast. The waves in these areas used to be small.
The speed and force of the huge waves there makes it impossible to know in advance when they are coming. That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them. Wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also in danger.
Some scientists think people will soon see even bigger waves in these icy waters. As waves break up ice the seas will become more open, and the waves will get even stronger. There are stormy times ahead.
34. When did Marchenko and his students discover huge waves in the arctic waters?
35. Why did Marchenko and his students set out on the trip?
36. What did Marchenko decide to do to keep safe?
37. How high were the largest waves recorded by the navigation system?
38. What is Paragraph 7 mainly about?
【答案】34. In May.2010.
35. Because they wanted to study the icy waters.
36. He moved the ship deeper into the ice.
37. More than 20 feet.
38. The damage of the huge waters to people and wildlife in Arctic.
【解析】
【分析】
这篇短文讲述的是科学家们在北冰洋发现了海浪，海浪非常大，迫使巨大的冰块上下跳跃，在很短的时间内将冰块破碎成更小的冰块，而随着冰块的减少，海浪就会变得更大，这使得依赖冰块生存的北极熊、海象等野生动物处在危险之中。
【34题详解】
根据短文第二段开头The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010.可知，这些巨大的海浪是在2019年五月份，被科学家Aleksey Marchenko和他的学生们发现的。故答案为In May 2010.
【35题详解】
根据短文第二段中Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip. They wanted to study the icy waters.可知，Marchenko和他的学生想要研究冰冷的海水。故答案为Because they wanted to study the icy waters.
【36题详解】
根据短文第五段He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe.可知，为了安全，Marchenko决定把船开到冰更深的地方。故回答He moved the ship deeper into the ice.
【37题详解】
根据短文第六段The ship’s navigation（航行）system finally recorded the largest waves. They were more than 20 feet in height.可知，导航系统记录的最大的海浪有20多英尺高。故答案为More than 20 feet.
【38题详解】
根据短文第七段That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them. Wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also in danger.可知，这一段中主要介绍了巨大的海浪对航海人员、当地社区以及野生动物的危害。故答案为The damage of the huge waters to people and wildlife in Arctic.
【点睛】这是一篇科普说明文，短文中讲述了在北冰洋海域发现巨大海浪的过程，以及巨大海浪对人类以及野生动物的危害。文章主题明确，结构清晰，但短文中句式结构复杂，内容离学生们的日常生活较远，在理解上有一定的难度。题型是任务型阅读，要求根据文意回答问题，考查学生们对文章事实细节的理解。做题时，应先通读短文，了解文章大意；然后根据题目所问锁定文章相关段落或语句作答。例如第1小题，题目问的是发现海浪的时间，注意在短文中搜索数字、月份等关键词信息，根据第二段The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010可知答案。第4小题同理，注意数字和关键词the largest waves。
39.文段表达
从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
题目①
假如你是李华,你们学校正在开展“安全月”宣传活动，倡议大家制作关于安全教育的主题海报，你们班交换生Peter给你发邮件询问相关事情。请用英语回复一封邮件，告诉他海报上交的时间，并分享你设计海报的一些想法。
提示词语: design，safety rule，careful，protect，picture
提示问题: When should you hand in the poster?
What would you like to share with Peter about designing the poster?
Dear Peter,
I’m glad to receive your email .
If there is anything more that I can help with, please let me know.
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
I’m glad to receive your email. As it is required，you are supposed to hand in the poster before next Friday.
Being your close friend，I am extremely willing to share some ideas about designing the poster with you.First and foremost，the basic safety rules are of great importance，which should be included in your poster.In the second place，following the safety rules is so meaningful and crucial that you had better remind your readers of its significance and advise them to be careful both in and out of school.Last but by no means least，if I were you，I would add a few suggestions about safety awareness，considering that better safe than sorry.In addition，it is a good idea for you to draw a few pictures on your poster so as to make it more lively and acceptable.
If there is anything more that I can help with, please let me know.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【详解】这篇作文要求我们以李华的身份给Peter写一封邮件，告诉他关于制作关于安全教育的主题海报的相关事宜。由题目中给出的提示问题可知，短文中应包括以下内容：首先告诉Peter海报上交的时间；然后和他分享一些设计海报的想法。第二个内容应该是短文的主体。题目中并没有规定具体的写作内容，学生们应联系自己的实际生活，展开合理的想象，将这些内容补充完整后，用正确的英语表达出来，这是写作中的一个难点。短文应以一般现在时为主、第一、二人称来叙述。写作时应注意：首先要合理安排短文内容，叙述应有层次、有条理。可以使用一些表示先后顺序的词或短语，如First, Second, Last but not least等等。题目中给出的提示词应该在短文中用上。其次应注意文章的表达，英语句式的结构与汉语是不同的，因此不能根据汉语思维逐词翻译，应该从句式的整体考虑，先确定主干结构，然后添加修饰成分。为提升作文档次，应注意使用一些高级词汇、短语以及复合句、非谓语动词等复杂结构。同时语句之间使用恰当的连接成分，使文意上下连贯，表达流畅。
【点睛】这是一篇优秀的作文，短文作者根据题目要求，给Peter写邮件，告诉他制作主题海报的一些事情。短文有以下几个优点：首先文章内容完整，结构清晰，符合题目要求。除题目中给出的开头和结尾，短文主要包括两个内容：第一段用一句话告诉Peter上交海报的时间；文章的中心和重点是放在了第二段上，这一段中作者和Peter分享了一些制作海报的想法。主要从四个方面进行阐述，内容非常详实，并使用了First and foremost, In the second place, Last but by no means least, In addition等短语，分清了这一段的层次，叙述非常有条理。其次短文中使用了正确的时态和人称，语法规范，用词准确，并使用了较复杂的句式结构，表现了作者较强的语言运用能力。短文中较好的句型有：Being your close friend，I am extremely willing to share some ideas about designing the poster with you.、In the second place，following the safety rules is so meaningful and crucial that you had better remind your readers of its significance and advise them to be careful both in and out of school、In addition，it is a good idea for you to draw a few pictures on your poster so as to make it more lively and acceptable.等等。
40.题目②
自律，即自我约束，是自我提升的一种途径，有助于我们成长，促使我们不断前行。
某英文网站正在开展以“自律”为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈为了增强自律意识，你做过什么，以及这样做给你带来的好处。
提示词语: self-disciplined(自律的)，plan，goal，habit，improve
提示问题: What did you do to be self-disciplined?
What benefits have you got from doing so?
Self-discipline plays an important role in our life .
【答案】Self-discipline plays an important role in our life. To be honest, I am a person who is self-disciplined. I used to follow all kinds of rules and hand in the tasks appointed on time at school. And I could not only respected all my teachers but also get on well with my classmates. At home, I was able to balance housework and homework. I usually made a plan in advance to make it easier to achieve my goal. After finishing all the task, I developed the habit of going to bed early and going to bed early. In the society，I spared no effort to improve myself all the time.
In a word. I have benefited a lot from being self-discipline. First of all, I have had many good habits, which makes my life easier and more regular. Secondly, my life and my study have been to high efficiency so that a lot of time has been saved. Thirdly, being self-disciplined has prepared me for a better and brighter future. In the future, I will continue to be a self-disciplined person.
【解析】
【详解】这篇作文要求我们以李华的身份，用英语写一篇短文给某网站投稿，谈谈为了增强自律意识，你做过什么，以及这样做给你带来的好处。根据题目中给出的问题可知，短文应包括以下内容：首先谈一谈为了增强自律意识，你做过什么？然后谈谈这样做给你带来的好处。第一个内容应主要使用一般过去时；第二个内容应主要使用现在完成时。注意谓语动词的正确形式。题目中并没有规定具体的写作内容，学生们应联系自己的实际生活，展开合理的想象，将这些内容补充完整后，用正确的英语表达出来，这是写作中的一个难点。写作时应注意：首先注意内容的完整、充实，学生们可以结合自己的实际生活，写一写自己平时的做法。注意叙述应有层次、有条理。其次应注意英语的表达问题，英语句式的结构与汉语是不同的，因此不能根据汉语思维逐词翻译，应该从句式的整体考虑，先确定主干结构，然后添加修饰成分。为提升作文档次，应注意使用一些高级词汇、短语以及复合句、非谓语动词等复杂结构。同时语句之间使用恰当的连接成分，使文意上下连贯，表达流畅。
【点睛】这是一篇优秀的作文，短文作者根据题目要求，介绍了自己第自律的认识，结合自己的实际谈论了自律的好处。短文有以下几个优点：首先文章内容完整、充实，短文主要分两段：第一段中作者介绍了自己在家里、在学校以及在社会上是如何遵守规则，进行自我约束的。这一段的内容叙述很有条理，从at school, At home, In the society三个方面进行介绍。第二段中作者主要阐述了自律给自己带来的好处，使用了Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly，从三个方面进行介绍。其次短文中使用了正确的时态和人称，谓语动词形式准确，语法规范，句式结构文章，且使用了较高级的词汇和复杂句式，提升了作文档次，展现了作者扎实的写作功底。文章中较好的句型有：I used to follow all kinds of rules and hand in the tasks appointed on time at school.、I usually made a plan in advance to make it easier to achieve my goal.、First of all，I have had many good habits，which makes my life easier and more regular.、Thirdly, being self-disciplined has prepared me for a better and brighter future.等等。
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