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考点五十 短文填空之自由填空
把语法知识测试全部放在语篇中进行，旨在考查考生在语篇中综合运用语言知识的能力。它不但要求考生有扎实的词汇、语法等基础知识和对句型结构的灵活运用能力，而且还要求考生有良好的语感和一定的阅读理解能力。
自由填空是中考短文填空中难度最大的，这种题目因题型的开放性和综合性而备受关注。试题特点是一篇短文挖空8—10个单词，且没有任何提示，让考生根据短文内容自由填词，难度较大，主观性较强，有时可能出现多种答案。
二、满分技巧
1. 解题步骤：
(1)快速浏览，了解大意。对于简单把握的空，可以先填出来；
(2)上下求索，填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式；
(3)通读全文，检查确认。特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀。
无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、代词、介词、连词(并列连词和从属连词)等虚词。
(1)名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。
(2)如果需要填入代词，就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化、指示代词的用法；
(3)并列的两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, or等；
(4)两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可能是主从句，因此需要填入从属连词(what,which, who, how, when等)。或者是宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分析到底是什么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。
A
Many people say that they are working too ____1____ hours. They don’t have free time with their families. They can’t take care ____2____ things at home. They don’t have time to relax.
Work hours are _____3_ ___ from one country to another. In France, people spend about 1646 hours a year at work. In Japanese, however, people work about 2159 hours a year. That means a Japanese worker works 513 more hours a year _____4____a French worker. That is about 12 weekends of extra(额外的) work!
_____5____ do people work so many hours? Some people work extra hours because they want to get more money, but many companies don’t pay ____6____ extra work. The people in these companies work extra hours because they think it’s their duty. Some people are afraid they will _____7_____ their job if they don’t work extra hours.
Many people say that their vacations are too short. In France, people get five weeks of paid vacation. In Germany, they get about four weeks. In the United States, two weeks of _____8_____is the average(平均). And many people don’t _____9__ __ all of their vacation days. In one survey, in England, fewer than half of workers used all their vacation days. In English, people say,＂all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.＂That is true, there are a lot of ____10____ people in the world.
B
Visitors to Japan are often excited about the delicious food, but many people are a little nervous ____1____ what to do at restaurants or in a Japanese household. So it’s helpful to know basic table ____2____ before going to Japan.
____3____ people use knives, forks, spoons and chopsticks to eat. But chopsticks are the most ____4____ utensils(用具). When you are eating dinner with some Japanese friends, don’t directly pass ____5____ from your chopsticks to somebody else’s chopsticks. It’s also important not to ____6____ chopsticks vertically (垂直地) into food, especially into a bowl of rice. It’s not ____7____ to move your chopsticks up and down above dishes or to point at somebody with your chopsticks.
It is polite to lift small bowls of rice or soup when you eat. It ____8____ you from dropping food.
In Japan, it is common to slurp(吃时嘴唇发出很响的声音) while ____9____ noodles. People say the noodles taste better ____10____ they make slurping noises.
C
When I first met my fifth-grade teacher, I was happy. She seemed pretty nice, so I was excited to ____1____ a whole year with her. Every day the class would do a warm-up and then discuss it. We would also read stories, sing songs and learn about different cultures around the world. I thought I was very lucky to have such a great, kind and caring ____2____.
When December came around, my teacher suddenly stopped ____3____ to school. The whole class missed ____4____. Rumors(谣言)spread around the school about ____5____ she didn’t come to school.
＂She’s ____6____ holiday,＂ some girls explained to each other during lunchtime.
＂She’s got really tired of us and decided ____7____ to teach us anymore,＂ some boys said.
____8____ no one knew the truth.
For the rest of the school year, I never saw her again. In the middle of the sixth grade, I received a disturbing(令人不安的)message. She had died of cancer(癌症). I ____9____ very upset. I wish I could visit her in the hospital. Whenever I think about her, I remember all of the happy times we had together. Because of her, I can understand what matters most to me. I never told her how much she meant to me. And now it’s too ____10____.
A(2019 •天津市)
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整．每空限填一词。
The villagers in Mhangeni， Africa． faced a very big challenge(挑战)．They didn’t have a school for their kids．
Then the village elder thought of an (1)i dea ． He said that there was an old， abandoned (废弃的)farmhouse． It could be changed into classrooms after cleaning and furnishing(装设备)it． All the villagers were (2)p leased with his suggestion and started the project immediately． The parents repaired the broken walls． Some villagers (3)d ivided the house into three classrooms by using pieces of wood． The others helped make desks and chairs for the students． Still， there was much more work to do． But the rains were coming． They had to (4)s top working for the school as it was now the best time for them to plant．
So the children of Mhangeni decided to finish the house by (5)t hemselves ．They had to hurry as summer had ended and other schools had already opened．They didn’t want to delay(耽搁) their studies． Every day they were busy with cutting the grass and clearing the bushes(灌木)．
The news about the project (6)s pread and many people knew it． Two teachers who worked for the country’s Department of Education arrived to help out． and two foreign visitors were also touched (感动) by the children’s (7)a ctions ．They donated money for them to buy textbooks and stationery．
After 10 days of hard work， the new school was (8)r eady ．The kids were very happy but a bit worried﹣they were behind in their studies．
Besides(除…之外)this， they also faced many (9)d ifficulties ．There were not enough classrooms to hold all the students． And two or three students had to share one book．
However， the children are happy to study in school﹣(10)e specially in their new school which they helped to build． Though their school might not be modern， their dream of having a school near their homes has come true．
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】非洲Mhangeni的村民面临一个严重的问题．他们村子没有学校，他们一起努力给孩子们建了一所学校，虽然学校很简陋，但是孩子们还是很开心能在学校学习．
1．idea 【解析】考查名词；分析语境，此处表示：村子里的老者想出来一个主意．i开头的单词，idea意见，想法．符合语境．故答案为：idea．
2．pleased 【解析】考查形容词；分析语境，此处表示：所有的村民对他的建议很满意，并开始开始了这个工厂．p开头的单词，pleased满意的，be pleased with对……满意．符合语境．故答案为：pleased．
3． divided 【解析】考查动词；分析语境，此处表示：有一些村民用一些木板把房子分成几个教室．d开头的单词，divide分开，divide……into把……分成……符合语境．根据语境，需要使用一般过去时，divide的过去式为divided．故答案为：divided．
4．stop 【解析】考查动词；分析语境，此处表示：他们不得不停止工作，因为现在对他们来说，是最好的种植的时间．s开头，stop停止，stop doing停止做．符合语境．had to后面接动词原形．故答案为：stop．
5．themselves 【解析】考查反身代词；分析语境，此处表示：所以，Mhangeni的孩子们决定自己完成这个房子，themselves他们自己，符合语境．故答案为：themselves．
6．spread 【解析】考查动词；此处意思为：关于这个项目的消息传播出去，很多人都知道它了．s开头，spread传播，符合语境．根据语境，此处需要用一般过去时，spread的过去式是spread．故答案为：spread．
7．actions 【解析】考查名词；分析语境，此处表示：而且，两个外国游客也被孩子们的行动感动了．a开头的词，action行动，可数名词，此处表示孩子们的行动，用可数名词的复数形式．故答案为：actions．
8．ready 【解析】考查形容词；分析语境，此处表示：经过10天的努力工作后，新学校已经准备好了．r开头的词，ready准备好的．符合语境．故答案为：ready．
9．difficulties 【解析】考查名词；分析语境，此处表示：除此之外，他们还面临了很多困难．d开头，difficulty困难，可数名词，前面有many，此处需要用名词复数形式．difficulty的复数形式是difficulties．故答案为：difficulties．
10．especially 【解析】考查副词；分析语境，此处表示：然而，孩子们很开心在学校里学习﹣﹣尤其是在他们帮助建的新学校里．e开头的词，especially尤其．符合语境．故答案为：especially．
B(2019 • 四川省自贡市)
将下列单词的适当形式填入空格．每空限填一词，每词只能用一次．
| continue make place careful who
same stop before good something |
A man named Bill once visited a temple that was still being built．He saw a sculptor (雕刻家)(1) a sculpture．As he watched the man work on the sculpture， he noticed that there was a similar sculpture lying nearby．
He felt strange and asked the sculptor， “Why are you creating two (2) sculptures？ Do you need two to put in different (3) ?”
“No．” the man said without looking up， “We need only one， but the first one became damaged(损害)(4) I could finish it， so I’ m working on a new one．”
Bill picked up the damaged sculpture and examined it (5) ． But he couldn’t find (6) wrong with it．
“Where is the damage？” he asked．
“There is a scratch (划痕) on the sculpture’s nose ” the sculptor said while (7) his work．
Bill then asked “Where are you going to place the sculpture？”
The sculptor replied that it would be placed on a platform which is 20 feet in height．” If the sculpture is up that high，(8) is going to notice that there is a scratch on the nose？ ” Bill asked．
The sculptor(9) his work， looking up at the man and said，” I will know it．”
The sculptor chose a high standard of excellence in his work． Even if other people didn’t notice it， it mattered to him that his work should be of the (10) quality(质量)． This is an attitude we should work hard to have．
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】这是一篇选词填空，主要介绍了一个雕刻家对待工作一丝不苟的故事，通过这个故事告诉我们应该有的工作态度．
(1)making 考查动名词，see sb doing看见某人正在做某事，make a sculpture雕刻，故答案为making．
(2)same 考查形容词，根据上文As he watched the man work on the sculpture， he noticed that there was a similar sculpture lying nearby．当他观看那个人雕刻时，他注意到旁边放着一个相似的雕像，因此判断本句的意思是你为什么要雕刻两个相同的雕塑．故答案为same．
(3)places 考查可数名词复数，different不同的，后跟可数名词复数，结合语境，你为什么雕刻两个相同的雕塑，你需要把它们放在不同的地方吗？故答案为places．
(4)before 考查时间副词，结合语境，我们只需要一个，但是在我完成第一个之前它已经被损害了．判断是完成之前，故答案为before．
(5)carefully 考查副词，结合语境，Bill捡起受损的雕塑并且仔细检查，但是他没发现有什么问题．examine为实意动词，用副词修饰，故答案为carefully．
(6)anything 考查不定代词， couldn’t 否定词，结合语境，Bill捡起受损的雕塑并且仔细检查，但是他没发现有什么问题．否定句中不定代词用anything．故答案为anything．
(7)continuing 考查动名词，while后动词用﹣ing形式，结合语境，”雕塑的脖子上有一道划痕”雕刻家边说边继续工作．故答案为continuing．
(8)who 考查疑问代词，结合语境，如果雕塑放那么高的话，谁会注意到它的脖子上有一道划痕．故答案为who．
(9)stopped 考查动词，本文谓语动词用过去式，判断时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式，结合语境，雕刻家停下他的工作，看着那个男人说：”我会知道．”故答案为stopped．
(10)best 考查形容词最高级，quality为名词，前用形容词，the后形容词用最高级，结合语境，即使别人没有注意到，他的作品应该保持最好的质量对他来说很重要．故答案为best．
C(2019 •广东省)
请用适当的词完成下面的短文，并把所缺单词填写在答题卡指定的位置上。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。
Last winter holiday, I visited a village with only 11 houses. __71__ the village was very small, I spent a whole day in it.
The village became popular because __72__ Grandpa Huang’s hard work. He bought a house there over 30 years __73__, but in 2010 the village was to be pulled down. In order to save the old village, Grandpa Huang painted on the walls of __74__ own house and other houses. He painted things that he liked. In the village, there were many paintings of __75 __, such as cats and birds. The most popular paintings for visitors were of famous people. One of them was a picture of Andy. He and my __76__ singer. I liked him so much that I asked a visitor to __77__ a photo of that painting and me. On the ground of the village, Grandpa Huang has painted __78__ lot of well-known Chinese sayings. From them, Grandpa Huang learned to live a long and happy __79__.
I really had a good time in the village __80__ wished to visit it again.
【答案与解析】
71．Although/Though 此句的前后内容之间存在让步关系，故用表示让步关系的although和though。此句意为“虽然这个村子很小，但我在里面度过了一天的时光。”
72. of 短语because of意为“因为，由于”，后接名词(短语)、代词或动名词等。Grandpa Huang’s hard work是名词短语。
73. ago 结合语境可推知，此处指在30多年前，黄爷爷在那里买了一所房子。ago意为“以前，以往”，与一般过去时连用。
74. his 结合空格后的“own house and other houses”可推知，此处指黄爷爷他自己的房子，故用his。
75. animals 结合空格后的“such as cats and birds”，此处指很多动物的画。
76. favo(u)rite 结合下一句“I liked him so much that I asked a visitor to… a photo of that painting and me.”可推知，Andy是“我”最喜爱的歌手。
77. take 短语take a photo of…意为“给……拍照片”。此处指给“我”和那幅画拍一张照片。
78. a 短语a lot of意为“很多”。
79. life 结合上一句可推知，黄爷爷从这些中国谚语中学习去过长寿且幸福的生活。live a long and happy life意为“过着长寿且幸福的生活”。
80. and and在此处表示并列，连接两个并列的谓语动词。
D(2019 •福建省)
Before paper was invented, people wrote or drew on materials such as bamboo, 81 [sɪlk], animal hide, and wooden blocks. Writing materials were 82 (real) expensive and few people learned to read. Therefore, few people wrote. This all changed, thanks 83 an man named Cai Lun.
Paper had already existed (存在) in China , but the process for 84 (produce) it was difficult and the paper was of low quality. Cai Lun began experimenting (试验) with many different materials and different 85 (method) to turn those materials into paper. In the year 105, he made it from tree bark, bamboo, cloth rags, and fishing nets. His paper was 86 (strong) and cheaper than any paper that had been made before.
With Cai Lun’s papermaking method, Chinese culture 87 [ɡruː] more rapidly over the next several centuries. That’s because ideas were much easier to share 88 more people learned to read. The use of paper spread abroad, helping 89 [‘ʌðə] cultures record and spread their ideas. Today, Cai Lun is considered a national hero in China. But 90 whole world should remember the clever Chinese papermaker forever.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】主要讲述中国造纸术之父——蔡伦以及造纸的过程。
81. silk 考查音标。根据句意及所给音标拼写规则可知。
82. really 考查副词。根据句意可知，书写材料是真的很昂贵，这里修饰 expensive 要用副词，real 的副词为 really。
83. to 考查介词。根据句意，多亏了一个叫做蔡伦的人 ，thanksto 意为“多亏了…” ，因此填介词 to。
84. producing 考查非谓语动词。根据句意，纸在中国已经存在 ，但是生产纸的过程还是很困难，并且纸是低质量的。再根据介词后面接动词的 ing 形式，for 为介词，因此这里填producing。
85. methods 考查名词复数。根据句意可知，蔡伦是以很多不同的材料和不同的方法开始试验，different 后面接名词的复数形式，method 复数形式为 methods。
86. stronger 考查形容词比较级，根据句意可知，他的纸比之前使用的任何纸都来得更牢固和更便宜，因此这里填 strong 的比较级 stronger。
87. grew 考查音标。根据句意及所给音标的拼写规则可知。
88. and 考查并列连词，根据句意可知，那是因为想法更容易分享，并且更多人学会阅读，因此这里填 and。
89. other 考查音标。根据句意及所给音标的拼写规则可知。
90. the 考查冠词。句意为“一整个世界应该永远记住这个聪明的中国造纸者”，the whole world 表示一整个世界，因此这里填 the。
E(2019 •浙江省绍兴市)
阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式(每空一词)。
A group of rubbish collectors in Turkey are recycling the books that people have thrown away. They have (1)________ (已经) created a mobile library. There are now over 9, 000 books, which are divided into 20 kinds, including (2)________ (医学的) care, politics, literature, history, healthy living and so on. The library is inside a (3)________ (卡车) that tours schools in the countryside. They hope to create a greater passion(热情) for reading books in children, (4)________ (尤其) in the age of mobile phones and computers. Many schools do not have a reading room or their (5)________ (自己的) library.
The library has got lots of attention in Turkey. People from all over Turkey are (6)________ (送) their old books to the library. A (7)________ (女士) working at the mobile library said, “The interest is growing. Each day we have guests coming here to 58 (8)________ (借) books or have a quiet time to read.” The director of the library said, “We have books here for kids aged from four to (9)________ (十), and books for older children, like world classics and (10)________ (诗). We hope that it will develop their love for books.”
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】本文主要介绍土耳其的一群垃圾收集者正在回收人们扔掉的书。他们已经创建了一个移动图书馆。现在有9000多本书，分为医学护理、政治、文学、历史、健康生活等20种。服务于农村学校的四岁到十岁的孩子和打孩子的书。
(1)already句意：他们已经创建了一个移动图书馆。已经，already，副词常与现在完成时连用，故填already。
(2)medical句意：现在有9000多本书，分为医学护理、政治、文学、历史、健康生活等20种。医学的，medical，形容词。根据空格后care，照顾，护理，名词，要用形容词作定语，故填medical。
(3)truck句意：图书馆在一辆卡车内，它在农村学校旅行。卡车，truck，可数名词。根据空格前不定冠词a，要用可数名词单数，故填truck。
(4)especially句意：他们希望能给儿童创造更大的热情去阅读书籍，尤其是在手机和电脑时代。尤其，副词especially。修饰介词短语做状语，要用副词，故填especially。
(5)own句意：许多学校没有阅览室或自己的图书馆。自己的，own，形容词，用在形容词性物主代词之后。空格后有library，图书馆，名词，要用形容词own，故填own。
(6)sending /giving句意：来自土耳其各地的人们把他们的旧书送到图书馆。送，give/send，动词。空格前有are，要用现在进行时，be+现在分词，send/give的现在分词sending/giving，故填 sending/giving 。
(7)lady句意：一位在移动图书馆工作的女士说：“人们的兴趣在增长。每天我们都有客人来这里借书，或者有安静的时间来读书。”女士，lady，可数名词。根据空格前有不定冠词a，要用单数lady，故填lady。
(8)borrow句意：一位在移动图书馆工作的女士说：“人们的兴趣在增长。每天我们都有客人来这里借书，或者有安静的时间来读书。借(入)，borrow，及物动词。空格前有不定式符号to，要用动词原形，故填borrow。
(9)ten句意：我们这里有适合四岁到十岁的孩子的书。十，ten，基数词，根据from four to…，要用基数词ten，故填ten。
(10)poems句意：还有适合大孩子的书，比如世界名著和诗。诗，poem，可数名词。根据空格前classics and，可知连词and的是并列的名词复数形式poems，故填poems。
F(2018 • 内蒙古包头中考)
阅读下面短文，根据首字母、音标以及语境的提示在空白处填入适当的单词(1个单词)；或根据汉语意思的提示，在空白处填入适当的短语，使短文语意连贯，意思完整。
Kate and Dick were classmates. They ___56___ (相处) well with each other and later fell in love. After getting m___57___ , they found it difficult to ___58___ (谋生).
Finally, they decided ___59___ run a small restaurant near the railway station. The restaurant often stayed o___60___ until after midnight, because people came to drink there while they were ___61___ (等待) trains.
At two o’clock one morning, ___62___ man was still sitting at a table in the restaurant. He was ___63___ [ə’sli:p]. Kate wanted to go to bed. She looked at the table several times, and each time the man was still there. Then, ___64___ (最终) she went to her h___65___ and said to him, “You’ve talked to that man three times, and he isn’t drinking any more. ___66___ haven’t you sent him away? After ___67___ , it’s so late.”
“Oh, no, I don’t want to send him away,” a___68___ Dick with a smile. “You see, whenever I ___69___ (叫醒) the man, he asks for the bill, and when I bring it to him, he p___70___ it. Then he goes back to sleep again.”
G
(2017﹒重庆B)Sometimes we are used to drawing a quick conclusion(结论), but is it right or not? My little son gave me a ____1____.
One day, I took my five-year-old son to go out for a walk after dinner. On the way, we saw an old woman selling fruits. I didn’t take enough money with me. ____2____ my son liked eating fruit very much, I could buy only two pears and gave them to him.
The little boy held the pears in his hands. I asked him if he could share one ____3____ me. On hearing this, he quickly took a bite(咬) from one pear, and the ____4____.
I was quite surprised. I ____5____ myself what mistakes I had made in educating my son so that he acted in such a greedy(贪婪) way. I was lost in thought. Perhaps I was just ____6____ too much. My son was too young to know about sharing and giving.
Suddenly, my son gave me the pear in his right hand and said, ＂Mom, you have this one. This one is much sweeter.＂ Then I knew why my little son took a bite from ____7____ pear.
From then on, I always tell myself not to reach a conclusion too ____8____. Try to spend some more time in understanding things better.
H
(2017﹒广东)What will happen if a family without the Internet for a month? One American family decides to find out. They have sent invitation to a leading US television station, expecting that it will send a film group to record their day-to -day life ____1____ technology for a month.
When the film group meet ____2____ Smiths, they find that Mr. Smith, Mrs. Smith and their two sons are so crazy about technology that ____3____ hardly do things together. At mealtimes, no one ____4____ at the dining table for their food. ＂Everyone just runs into the kitchen, takes their food and then goes back to their screen,＂ Mrs. Smith explains. ＂ ____5____ we don’t make a change, our family will become strangers to each other!＂
Getting back to the normal life without the Internet is not ____6____, especially when the Smiths lose themselves in it. They have to make many ____7____. For example, the two brothers have to go to the school ____8____ to borrow books for their scientific projects, and Mr. and Mrs. Smith need to go out shopping because they cannot buy things ____9____. As the family has picked up the new lifestyle, they find that they can spend more time taking over meals, playing sports and doing all ____10____ of activities together.
Would they be able to go for long without using the Internet after the challenge?
A
(重庆第一中学2017届九年级上学期期末)Thousands of runners took part in the 34th Beijing International Marathon. But many of them had to ____1____ face masks to protect themselves against pollution. Some runners gave ____2____ the race because of the pollution. British runner Chas Pope said that he was only able to run 10 kilometers of the race in a mask before he decided to stop. He also said that the race should have been stopped because all of the runners wanted to keep away ____3____ the bad air condition.
Gong Lihua is a Chinese runner ____4____ came third in the women’s race. She said the smog had caused some difficulties. ＂I felt I couldn’t breathe well when ____5____ in this kind of smog(雾霾),＂ she said. According to Beijing’s environment center, the air was seriously polluted on that day.
Besides the runners in the race, common people in Beijing are also ____6____ about the situation. Because there are ____7____ many factories built around Beijing that more and more pollutants(污染物) are produced. Also, there is too much traffic on the street, so air is polluted by the waste gas from the cars.
As a result, Beijing government suggests people cutting off outdoor ____8____ and staying indoors more. If they are going to go out, remember to wear a face mask.
B
(湖南省岳阳地区2017年中考二模)Do you know how to make friends with a group of people? Let me tell you something about ____1____ friends with the group. Maybe it’s helpful to you.
First you need to know what kind of group they belong ____2____. If people in the group are shy, never ____3____ them ＂Why don’t you talk?＂, ＂Why are you quiet?＂ or ＂Why do you look shy?＂ They don’t like such ____4____.
Next, remember that each group is different. They may use ____5____ words, like different things or have different ways of ＂hanging out＂.
Then, the important thing is that you must try to be outgoing. ____6____ you are outgoing, you will become very popular. Remember, ____7____ wants to make friends with a quite shy person.
Finally, find a right topic to talk ____8____ others or the one you want to make friends with. For ____9____, you can talk with them about the weather, their hobbies or their school lives.
If you do all these above, you will make more friends and get ____10____ well with them.
C
(广东省东莞市2017届中考冲刺考前押题)When I was 12, something ____1____ to me changed my interest. We lived near a wood and ____2____ sang beautifully in the trees every evening. I wanted to catch a bird and keep it in a cage so that I can have my own singer.
I did get one and put it in my cage. I felt very happy and looked ____3____ to some beautiful songs from it. On the next day, its mother flew to the cage with food. The baby bird ____4____ everything. I was happy to see this. Surely the mother knew ____5____ her baby liked better than me.
The next morning, I found the baby bird dead. What was wrong? I took ____6____ care of the bird. Arthur Wayne told me the reason. ＂A mother bird, finding ____7____ baby in a cage, will sometimes bring it some poisonous(有毒的) strawberries. She thinks it is ____8____ for it to die than to live in a cage.＂
Never since then have I caught any living birds or ____9____ it in a cage. It made me know following ____10____ rules in nature sometimes means everything to the living things.
跟踪训练
A
【文章大意】短文谈论的是工人的工作时间问题。开头先尖锐地指出工作时间太多的问题，随后对法国和日本的工作时间进行对比，印证各国的工作时间不同，然后求证工作时间太多的原因，是因为许多工人害怕失业，最后对超时工作的人提出了批评。
1. many 【解析】句意：很多人说他们工作时间太多了。hours复数名词，前面可加表数量的形容词；too太，副词，后接形容词修饰名词。根据句意，可知填many。
2. of 【解析】句意：他们不能照顾家里的事情。take care of照顾，照料，后接名词，固定短语。根据句意，可知填of。
3. different 【解析】句意：从一个国家到另一个国家工作时间是不同的。from one to another从一个到另一个。根据下文法国和日本的工作时间对比，可知每个国家的工作时间不一样，故填different。
4. than 【解析】句意：这意味着一个日本工人比一个法国工人每年多工作513个小时。根据句意，这里是对两个国家进行了比较。more…than比……多。根据句意，故填than。
5. Why 【解析】句意：为什么人们工作这么多个小时？根据下个句子Some people work extra hours because they want to get more money.给出了原因，可知上一句问的是为什么。故填Why。
6. for 【解析】句意：但是许多公司不支付额外的工作量。pay for sth.为……付钱，固定短语。根据句意和语境，可知填for。
7. lose 【解析】句意：有些人担心如果他们不加班，他们就会失业。lose job失业。根据句意和语境，可知填lose。
8. vacation 【解析】句意：在美国，有平均两周的假期。根据下一句And many people don’t use all of their vacation days .可知，填vacation。
9. use 【解析】句意：而且许多人不实际使用他们所有的假期。根据句意和语境，可知填use。
10. dull 【解析】句意：世界上有很多无趣的人。dull迟钝的。根据上一句all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.可知填dull。
B
【文章大意】本文主要介绍日本的基本餐桌礼仪。
1. about 【解析】句意：到日本的游客常常对美味的食物感到兴奋，但许多人对在餐馆或在日本的家里该做些什么感到有些紧张。结合句意和语境可知填about。
2. manners 【解析】句意：所以在去日本之前了解基本的餐桌礼仪是很有帮助的。table manners：餐桌礼仪；结合句意和语境可知填manners。
3. Japanese 【解析】句意：日本人用刀、叉、匙和筷子吃饭。People人，名词，需用形容词，Japanese people：日本人；根据第一段内容结合句意和语境可知填Japanese。
4. popular 【解析】句意：但是筷子是最受欢迎的用具。根据句意和语境可知填popular。
5. food 【解析】句意：当你和一些日本朋友一起吃饭时，不要直接把食物从你的筷子传给别人的筷子上。根据句意和语境可知填food。
6. stick 【解析】句意：同样重要的是不要把筷子垂直地插在食物里，尤其是放在一碗米饭里。Stick sth. into sth.：把…插入…；结合句意和语境可知填stick。
7. polite 【解析】句意：用筷子在盘子上下翻动或用筷子指着别人是不礼貌的。根据句意和语境可知填polite。
8. prevents 【解析】句意：它可以防止你掉食物。阻止某人做某事：Prevent/stop /keep sb. from doing sth.；本文时态是一般现在时，主语三单，谓语应用三单形式；结合句意和语境可知填prevents /stops /keeps。
9. eating 【解析】句意：在日本，吃面条的时候发出啧啧吃的声音，这很常见。While连词，当…时候，后面应跟从句或名词性短语。结合句意和语境可知填eating。
10. if 【解析】句意：人们说如果他们吃面条时发出声音，面条的味道更好。结合句意和语境可知填if。
C
【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述我的老师的一些事情，但是后来老师去世了，我想向她说她对于我的意义，但一切都晚了。
1. spend 【解析】句意＂她看起来非常好，所以和她度过了一整年让我非常振奋＂。spend花费，空前有to，故填spend。
2. teacher 【解析】句意＂我认为有如此好的、友善的、细心的老师，我感到非常幸运＂。根据When I first met my fifth-grade teacher可知，故填teacher。
3. coming 【解析】句意＂当十二月份来临时，我的老师突然不来学校了＂。根据she didn’t come to school可知，用come，且根据stop doing sth可知，故填coming。
4. her 【解析】句意＂全班同学都很想念她＂。根据句意，故填her。
5. why 【解析】句意＂关于她为什么不来学校的谣言传遍了整个学校＂。根据句意，故填why。
6. on 【解析】句意＂一些女孩在吃饭时，相互解释说，她去度假了＂。on holiday度假，根据句意，故填on。
7. not 【解析】句意＂一些男孩子们说，她对我们厌烦了，决定不教我们了＂。根据not…any more不再，以及to do的否定形式，是在to前加not，故填not。
8. But 【解析】句意＂一些男孩子们说，她对我们厌烦了，决定不教我们了。但没人知道真正的原因＂。空位于句首，要大写，根据句意，故填But。
9. felt 【解析】句意＂在六年级中期时，我得到一个不安的消息，她死于癌症，我感到很不安＂。根据句意以及前文为一般过去时可知，故填felt。
10. late 【解析】句意＂我从未告诉她她对我来说意味着什么，但是，现在太晚了＂。根据句意以及前文可知，老师已去世，故填late。
真题再现
A
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了夫妻俩在火车站附近开了一个酒吧，每天关门很晚，因为人们等车的时候常会进来喝点酒。一天，一个人到了凌晨2点了还在酒吧里睡觉，老板娘又累又困，想让已经叫醒他三次的丈夫赶他走，但丈夫不同意，因为每次把那个人叫醒，他都会要帐单付一次钱。
56. got on/along【解析】句意：他们相处的很好，后来相爱了。根据提示词＂相处＂，可知英文表达是get on或get along，在句中是作谓语；这是在讲述一个故事，所以用一般过去时，get的过去式为got，故答案填got on/along。
57. married【解析】句意：结婚后。根据上文later fell in love以及首字母提示，可知此处是指＂结婚＂，get married固定词组，＂结婚＂，故答案填married。
58. make a living/earn their living【解析】句意：他们发现谋生很困难。根据提示词＂谋生＂，可知英文表达是make a living或earn their living，前面有介词to，所以这里用动词原形，故答案填make a living/earn their living。
59. to【解析】句意：最后，他们决定在火车站附近开一家小餐馆。decide to do sth.决定去做某事，故答案填to。
60. open【解析】句意：这家餐馆经常营业到午夜以后。根据句意以及首字母提示可知此处应填open，stay open：开门营业，相当于keep open，故答案填open。
61. waiting for【解析】句意：因为人们在等火车的时候来这里喝酒。根据提示词＂等待＂，可知英文表达是wait for，本句是while引导的时间状语从句，主句动作发生在从句动作的过程中，所以时态用过去进行时，即在等火车的时候来这里喝酒，故答案填waiting for。
62. a/one【解析】句意：一天凌晨两点钟，一个男人还坐在餐馆的一张桌子旁。根据下文He was 8 ， 可知是＂一个男人＂，故答案填a/one。
63. asleep【解析】句意：他睡着了。根据音标[ə’sli:p]可知单词应是asleep，和前面的系动词was构成系表结构，表示睡着的状态，故答案填asleep。
64. at last/in the end【解析】句意：最后，她走到丈夫跟前对他说。根据提示词＂最终＂，可知英文表达是at last或in the end，故答案填at last/in the end。
65. husband【解析】句意：最后，她走到丈夫跟前对他说。联系上文的语境可知是夫妇俩开的餐馆，再结合首字母提示，可知此处是指＂丈夫＂husband，故答案填husband。
66. Why【解析】句意：你为什么不把他送走？联系上文语境，可知此处是问＂你为什么不把他送走？＂＂为什么＂英文表达是why，因其位于句首，所以首字母大写，故答案填Why。
67. all 【解析】句意：毕竟，天气太晚了。由语境和句意可知此处考查固定词组after all＂毕竟、终究＂，故答案填all。
68. answered【解析】句意：＂哦，不，我不想把他送走。＂迪克微笑着说。根据语境和句意，结合首字母提示，可知此处应是＂回答＂，英文表达是answer，本文时态用的是一般过去时，所以此处也应用一般过去时，answer的过去式为answered，故答案填answered。
69. wake up 【解析】句意：你看，每当我叫醒那个人，他就要账单。根据提示词＂叫醒＂，可知英文表达是wake up，这里是直接引用Dick叙述这件事情时所说的话，所以用一般现在时，故答案填wake up。
70. pays【解析】句意：当我把账单给他时，他就付钱。根据句意和首字母提示，可知此处应是＂付钱＂，英文表达是pay，主语是he，时态用一般现在时，故答案填pays。
B
【文章大意】介绍我们对待人与事不能只看表面现象就马上给出相应的结论。
1. lesson 【解析】句意：我的小儿子给我上了一课。 lesson名词，课、经验、教训。gave sb. a lesson给……一个教训。根据下文作者以对待儿子吃梨一事开始作出的判断与最后儿子的话来说明误解了儿子的行为，这件事给了作者一个教训即lesson。故填：lesson。
2. Although/Though 【解析】句意：虽然我儿子非常喜欢吃水果，但我只能买两个梨给他吃。根据＂儿子喜欢吃梨＂与＂我只能买两个梨给他＂可知是让步关系。although/though连词，即使、虽然，引导让步状语从句。故填：Although或Though。
3. with 【解析】句意：我问他是否可以和我分享一个。 根据意思是和某人分享某物应该是share sth. with sb.的固定搭配。故填：with。
4. the other 【解析】句意：听到这，他迅速地从一个梨上咬了一口，然后再咬了另一个梨。根据前面I could buy only two pears，再由吃了one，又吃the other，即两者时，一个……另一个。故填：other。
5. asked/questioned 【解析】句意：我问自己在教育我儿子上所犯的错误是什么，他这样贪婪地行事。根据后面作者反思自己对孩子的教育是否出现问题，即自问。故填：asked或questioned。
6. thinking / considering / worrying 【解析】句意：或许我考虑的太多。首先根据结构知道应该填一个动词的-ing(进行时态)或-ed(被动语态)，再由前后句意思，此句应该是一个主动句，那排除被动，只能填一个现在分词，其意思应该是作者考虑太多或担心得太多，从后一句知道原因是孩子太小而无法理解分享与给予。故填：thinking /considering或worrying。
7. each 【解析】句意：后来我才知道为什么我的小儿子在每个犁上都咬了一口。根据前面作者终于知道儿子为什么要吃两个梨的原因了，但pear是单数，不能填two或both，能表示两者都同时还接单数只能是each才正确，而either只表示其中一个， every表示三者或以上，数量错误，也不正确。故填：each。
8. quickly/fast/early 【解析】句意：从那以后，我总是告诉自己不要过快/早地下结论。最后一段与首段的we are used to drawing a quick conclusion意思相照应，再次证明自己的观点就是不能过早或过快下结论，故此空缺少一个副词，那么应该填quickly( =fast)或early。
C
【文章大意】短文通过史密斯一家尝试为期一月的没有网络科技的生活体验，揭示了新的生活方式，可以让人们花更多的时间来吃饭、运动和一起做各种各样的活动。
1. without 【解析】句意：他们已经向美国一家主要电视台发出邀请，希望它能派一个摄制组来记录为期一月的没有科技的一天的生活。根据短文开头的句子What will happen if a family without the Internet for a month? One American family decides to find out.，结合本句句意，可知填without。
2. the 【解析】句意：当电影组与Smiths一家见面时，他们发现史米斯先生、史米斯太太和他们的两个儿子对技术非常痴迷。根据句意，结合西方文化常识，姓氏前面加定冠词the表示某某家族。故填the。
3. they 【解析】句意：他们发现史米斯先生、史米斯太太和他们的两个儿子对科技非常痴迷，几乎不合作。根据句意和上下文提示，可知填they，代指上文所说Mr. Smith, Mrs. Smith and their two sons。
4. sits 【解析】句意：在进餐时间，没有人坐在餐桌上吃食物。at the dining table在餐桌旁；no one没有人，单数人称。根据句意，可知填sits。
5. If 【解析】句意：如果我们不改变，我们的家庭将成为陌生人！根据句意，本句是if引导的条件状语从句，居于句首大写首字母，故填If。
6. easy 【解析】句意：在没有网络的情况下恢复正常生活并不容易，尤其是当史密斯一家陷入困境的时候。根据句意，联系上下文，可知填easy。
7. changes 【解析】句意：他们必须做出许多改变。根据下文所举的事例，都是和平日不同的，是改变后的。故填changes。
8. library 【解析】句意：兄弟俩必须去学校图书馆为他们的科学课题借书。borrow books借阅图书。根据句意，借阅图书当然是在图书馆，故填library。
9. online 【解析】句意：史米斯先生和夫人要出去购物，因为他们不能在网上买东西。buy things online网购。根据文意，他们一家都在尝试没有网络的生活，购物当然也不例外。故填online。
10. kinds 【解析】句意：他们发现他们可以花更多的时间来吃饭、运动和一起做各种各样的活动。all kinds of各种各样的。根据句意，结合上下文可知，这个家庭已经开始了没有网络的新生活，日常活动当然是五花八门的，故填kinds。
模拟检测
A
【文章大意】短文介绍了空气污染问题。在第三十四届北京国际马拉松比赛中，许多运动员由于空气污染不得不戴上口罩，也有一些选手放弃了比赛。北京的普通市民也很担心这种状况。因此，北京政府建议人们减少户外活动，多呆在室内。如果要出去，记住戴口罩。
1. wear 【解析】句意：但是他们中的许多人不得不戴上口罩来保护自己不受污染。to后跟动词原形，结合句意可知，许多运动员由于空气污染不得不戴上口罩，故答案为wear。
2. up 【解析】句意：由于污染的原因，一些赛跑选手放弃了比赛。give up放弃，结合句意可知，答案为up。
3. from 【解析】句意：他还说比赛应该停止，因为所有选手都想远离恶劣的空气状况。keep away from远离……，结合句意可知，停止比赛目的就是远离恶劣的空气状况。故答案为from。
4. who /that 【解析】句意：龚丽华是中国选手，在女子比赛中得了第三名。此句是定语从句，先行词是runner，指人，引导词要用that/who。
5. running 【解析】句意：我觉得在这种雾霾下跑步呼吸就不顺畅。when 引导的时间状语从句中，当when与进行时态连用时，如果从语的主语与主句的主语一致，be可以省略，变成＂when+ V-ing＂形式，故答案为running。
6. worried 【解析】句意：北京的普通百姓也很担心这种情况。be worried about为……感到担忧，结合句意可知，答案为worried。
7. so 【解析】句意：因为北京周围有这么多工厂，所以产生了越来越多的污染物。so many后跟可数名词复数，意思是＂如此多的＂，故答案为so。
8. activities 【解析】句意：北京政府建议人们减少户外活动，多待在室内。outdoor activities户外活动，防止污染一个有效的方法就是减少户外活动，故答案为activities。
B
【文章大意】本文给出了和一伙人交朋友的一些建议。首先，你需要了解他们属于什么类型的团体；接下来，记着每一个团体是不同的；然后，你要努力保持外向的性格；最后，找到一个合适的话题和别人交谈。
1. making 【解析】句意：让我告诉你一些和这个团体交朋友的事。交朋友：make friends；about介词，后面跟名词，代词或动名词；结合句意和语境可知填making。
2. to 【解析】句意：首先，你需要知道他们属于什么样的群体。固定短语belong to：属于；结合句意和语境可知填to。
3. ask 【解析】句意：如果小组里的人害羞，千万不要问他们＂你为什么不说话？＂＂你为什么安静？＂或者＂你为什么看起来害羞？＂根据后面的问句可知填ask，if引导的条件状语从，从句一般现在时，主句将来时，或祈使句，含有情态动词的陈述句。本句主句是否定的祈使句，故填ask。
4. questions 【解析】句意：他们不喜欢这样的问题。根据上文的问句＂Why don’t you talk?＂, ＂Why are you quiet?＂ or ＂Why do you look shy?＂结合句意和语境可知填问题questions。
5. different 【解析】句意：他们可能会使用不同的词语，喜欢不同的东西或不同的闲逛方式。根据下文like different things or have different ways of ＂hanging out＂.结合句意可知填different。
6. If /When 【解析】句意：如果你外向，你就会变得很受欢迎。/当你外向时，你会变得很受欢迎。结合句意可知填If /When。
7. nobody 【解析】句意：没有人愿意与一个很害羞的人交朋友。根据本段的第一句the important thing is that you must try to be outgoing.结合句意和语境可知填nobody。
8. with 【解析】句意：最后，找一个合适的话题与别人交谈，或者与你想交朋友的人交谈。和……交谈：talk with；结合句意和语境可知填with。
9. example 【解析】句意：例如，你可以和他们谈论天气、他们的爱好或他们的学校生活。例如for example；根据下文的例子，结合句意和语境可知填example。
10. on/along 【解析】句意：如果你做到以上这些，你会交到更多的朋友，并与他们相处得很好。短语get on/along with：和……相处；结合句意和语境可知on/along。
C
【文章大意】本文主要讲述了作者住在树林边，非常喜欢听鸟儿唱歌。作者想抓住一只鸟，把它关在笼子里，这样作者就能有自己的歌手了。有一天逮了一只幼鸟，把它关在笼子里。第二天，它的妈妈带着食物飞到笼子里去了。这只小鸟吃了所有的东西。作者很高兴看到这个。第二天早上，作者发现那只小鸟死了。作者想不明白。他悉心照料它。亚瑟韦恩告诉作者原因。可能鸟妈妈发现它的宝宝在笼子里，有时候把一些有毒的草莓带给它。她认为死在笼子里比呆在笼子里好。它让我们明白了，遵循自然法则对生命来说有时候意味着一切。
1. happened 【解析】句意：当我12岁的时候，我身上发生的事情改变了我的兴趣。Sth. happens to sb.：某人发生了什么事。过去分词作后置定语。结合句意和语境可知填happened。
2. birds 【解析】句意：我们住在树林附近，鸟儿每天晚上在树上优美地唱歌。根据下文I wanted to catch a bird and keep it in a cage so that I can have my own singer.结合句意和语境可知填birds。
3. forward 【解析】句意：我感到非常高兴，并期待着从它那里听一些美丽的歌曲。Look forward to doing sth.：盼望/渴望做某事。结合句意和语境可知填forward。
4. ate 【解析】句意：这只小鸟吃了所有的东西。根据上文On the next day, its mother flew to the cage with food.(第二天，它的妈妈带着食物飞到笼子里去了。)本文时态是过去式，结合句意和语境可知填ate。
5. what 【解析】句意：母亲肯定知道她的孩子比我更喜欢什么。like喜欢，及物动词；结合句意和语境可知填what。
6. good 【解析】句意：我悉心照料这只鸟。take good care of好好照顾；结合句意和语境可知填good。
7. its 【解析】句意：一只鸟妈妈发现它的宝宝在笼子里，有时候把一些有毒的草莓带给它。结合句意和语境可知填its。
8. better 【解析】句意：她认为死在笼子里比呆在笼子里好。根据介词than与句意和语境可知填better。
9. kept 【解析】句意：从此以后，我再也没有捉任何活的鸟，也没有把它关在笼子里。Keep sth. in a cage：把某物放在笼子里；根据语境可知现在完成时，现在完成时构成：have +过去分词；结合句意和语境可知填kept。
10. the 【解析】句意：它让我明白了，遵循自然法则对生命来说有时候意味着一切。根据下文in nature的修饰词，可知特指，用the。
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