篇章完型
Directions: In this part of the test, there are ten blanks. You are required to choose one word for each blank from a list of choices given in the word bank below to complete the passage. Read the passage carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each choice on the Answer Sheet. You MAY NOT USE ANY OF THE WORDS in the bank MORE THAN ONCE.
1. A. apply B. supposed C. accurate D. consume E. existing F. maintain G. options H. nature I. sensitive J. address K. willingness L.destroy
A recent troubling study showed that “fake news” spread significantly faster, deeper and more broadly than the truth, and the effect is even more remarkable when regarding news as opposed to reporting on natural disasters, finance or science. So how can we encourage individuals to seek ________ online content? Leading scholars are trying hard to deal with this question.
Processing new information requires a considerable mental effort, especially when that information seems to conflict with your ________ worldview. It takes the _________ to admit you may be wrong. But with a great amount of conflicting information available, who’s to say what’s actually true and what’s false? If you can’t tell, why not just make life easy and go with what supports your current beliefs?
So what ________ do we have? Many suggest that we can ________ the issue by reforming adult behavior, but this is aiming too far from source. An alternative solution is using early education to help individuals recognize these problems and ________ critical thinking to the information they deal with. Currently, there is a push in the US to include Internet information classes into primary and secondary school curriculums. The movement, which has received some support, aims to make fact-checking seem like second ________ to individuals at an early age.
Primary and secondary school are ________ to be supplying students with the skills they need to develop into productive and informed members of our society. As our society develops, the curriculum we are teaching our students needs to develop as well.
The Internet is an amazing tool, but to use it most effectively we have to accept its benefits while also understanding the ways in which it makes us dangerously ________. If students are still learning the practices such as writing in school, shouldn’t they be learning how to ________ the Internet responsibly as well? [填空题] *
空1答案：C
空2答案：E
空3答案：K
空4答案：G
空5答案：J
空6答案：A
空7答案：H
空8答案：B
空9答案：I
空10答案：D
答案解析：【分析】本文是一篇说明文，最近的一项令人不安的研究表明，随着网络的发展，”假新闻”传播的速度、深度和广度都大大超过了真相。因此我们要鼓励个人寻找精确的在线内容。这就需要我们开动脑筋进行筛选，从小通过早期教育人们培养批判性的思维方式，把追求事实看作是人的第二本性。中小学要为学生提供发展必要的技能，才能让人们有效地，有鉴别地运用网络。
（1）考查形容词。根据上文说，最近的假新闻比事实传播的更快、最广泛，因此要鼓励人们寻找”正确的”在线内容，由此可知，此处地选accurate，故选C。
（2）考查形容词作。分析语意可知，此处是指”处理新信息需要相当大的脑力劳动，尤其是当这些信息似乎与你目前的世界观相冲突时”。existing 意为”目前的，现存的”，符合语境，因此此处选E。
（3）考查名词。句意：尤其是当这些信息似乎与你目前现有的世界观相冲突时。承认你可能错了需要你是自愿的。分析选项可知willingness意为”自愿，乐意”，故选 K。
（4）考查名词。根据下文”Many suggest…An alternative solution is using early education …”可知，那么我们的意见或观点是什么呢？ 而opinions 意为”观点”，故选G。
（5）考查动词。句意：许多人认为，我们可以通过改变成年人的行为来解决（address）这个问题，但这与我们的初衷相去甚远。而address 意为”解决”，故选J 。
（6）考查动词短语。句意：另一种解决方案是利用早期教育帮助个人认识这些问题，并将批判性思维应用于他们所处理的信息。apply…to…为固定搭配，意为”把……应用于……”，故填apply，选A。
（7）考查名词。句意：这项运动得到了一些支持，其目的是让事实调查能力成为人们小时候的第二天性。分析语境可知，此处是指人的天性或本性，故填 nature ，选H。
（8）考查固定短语。句意：中小学应该为学生提供他们必要的技能，使他们成为我们社会富有成效和见多识广的社会成员。be supposed to do…为固定搭配，意为”应该做某事”，故本空填supposed，选 B。
（9）考查形容词。句意：互联网是一个神奇的工具，但要最有效地使用它，我们必须接受它的好处，同时也要理解它使我们处于危险的敏感状态的方式。此处是指”须谨慎对待的；敏感的”，故填sensitive ，即选I。
（10）考查名词。句意：如果学生们还在学习诸如在学校写作之类的实践，他们不也应该学习如何负责任地使用互联网吗？分析句子可知，此处是指”使用”，所以填consume（意为使用，消费），故选 D。
【点评】考查选词填空，要求考生在理解句义的基础上，根据方框内所给的词汇，结合相关的语法知识，做出正确答案。
2.
A. sponsor B. athletic C. fulfill D. presented E. consciousness F. isolated
G. accepted H. enduring I. embarrassment J. competing K. programs L. kind
Life isn’t easy for families of children with special needs. Faced with responsibility of a family member requiring extra attention and care, many families feel lonely, ________ and hopeless. In many cases, the families feel a sense of ________ because their children are not “perfect”. But Taiwan Sunshine wants to change that.
Founded in 2009, Taiwan Sunshine believes that all children have characteristic value, and by supporting the families who care for children with special needs, it can change the________ understanding. In doing so, it hopes to help these children become useful members of society.
The Taipei-based, non-profit organization seeks to ________ these goals in three ways. First, it offers in-school programs, often centered on events like Christmas. Second, it develops conferences for use in schools, churches and other organizations. These conferences raise________ of the issues that families with special-needs children face and encourage organizations to develop programs to support these families. Third, Taiwan Sunshine works with other groups to put together and ________ the “I Am a Hero Games.”
During the games, children compete in different ________ activities, such as the ball throw and running race. When children aren’t ________, they enjoy other activities, such as playing with dogs from a local therapy program. Each game includes a prize-awarding ceremony in which all the children are formally________ with medals to celebrate their accomplishments.
Through________ like the Hero Games, Taiwan Sunshine is working hard to meet the needs of families with special-needs children. [填空题] *
空1答案：F
空2答案：I
空3答案：G
空4答案：C
空5答案：E
空6答案：A
空7答案：B
空8答案：J
空9答案：D
空10答案：K
答案解析：本文是一篇说明文，当一个家庭的孩子不是“完美的”时，这样的家庭生活并不容易，许多家庭感到孤独。台湾阳光公司成立于2009年，它相信所有儿童都具有特色价值，并支持照顾有特殊需要的孩子的家庭。它希望帮助这些儿童成为社会的有用成员。文章介绍了这个公司试图以三种方式实现这些目标，台湾的阳光公司正在努力满足这类家庭的需要。
（1）句意：面对一个家庭成员的责任，需要额外的关注和照顾，许多家庭感到孤独，孤立和绝望。系动词feel 后接形容词作表语，此空用形容词与形容词lonely和hopeless在语法结构上保持一致，形容词isolated”孤立的“符合句意。故选F。
（2）句意：在很多情况下，这些家庭会因为他们的孩子不“完美”而感到尴尬。a sense of ____2____是名词所有格作动词feel的宾语，此处用名词形式，名词embarrassment”尴尬“符合句意。故选I。
（3）句意：成立于2009年的台湾阳光认为，所有的孩子都有自己的特色价值，通过支持照顾有特殊需要的孩子的家庭，可以改变人们公认的理解。此处用形容词作定语修饰名词understanding，形容词accepted”公认的“符合句意。故选G。
（4）句意：这家总部位于台北的非营利组织试图通过三种方式实现这些目标。seek to do sth.固定短语，”试图做某事“，此处用动词原形，根据“ these goals ”可知，动词fulfill（实现）符合句意。故选C。
（5）句意：这些会议提高了对有特殊需要的儿童家庭所面临问题的认识，并鼓励组织制定计划来支持这些家庭。 of the issues是名词所有格作动词raise的宾语，此处用名词形式，名词consciousness”认识”符合句意。故选E。
（6）句意：第三，台湾阳光与其他团体合作，共同主办“我是英雄运动会”。此处是动词不定式表目的，put together和sponsor都要用动词不定式形式，但由and连接时第二个动词不定式要省略to，此处用动词原形式动词sponsor”主办”符合句意。故选A。
（7）句意：在运动会期间，孩子们参加不同的体育活动，如投球和赛跑。此处用形容词作定语修饰名词activities，根据“such as the ball throw and running race.”可知，形容词athletic”体育运动的”符合句意。故选B。
（8）句意：当孩子们不参加比赛时，他们喜欢其他活动，比如和当地治疗项目的狗玩耍。分析句子结构可知，此处是现在进行时，此空用现在分词，动词competing”比赛”符合句意。故选J。
（9）句意：每一场比赛都有一个颁奖仪式，在颁奖仪式上，所有的孩子都被正式授予奖牌，以庆祝他们的成就。in which all the children are formally with medals to celebrate their accomplishments是定语从句，从句主语all the children和从句谓语present是被动关系，此处用一般现在时的被动语态，此处用过去分词，presented”授予“符合句意。故选D。
（10）句意：通过英雄游戏等项目，台湾阳光正努力满足有特殊需要儿童家庭的需求。此处用名词作介词Through的宾语，根据“ike the Hero Games”可知，名词programs”项目“符合句意。故选K。
【点评】考查选词填空，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，在理解句义的基础上，根据方框内所给的词汇，结合相关的语法知识，做出正确答案。
3.
A. complications B. immediate C. undergone D. seriously E. assuming F.address
G. trade H. covered I. switch J. apparently K. offer L.disappear
Have you ever looked at someone else’s life with envy, just enough envy that you wish for a moment or two (or longer) that you could be them? Are there moments when, if the opportunity to be them were on ________, you might be tempted by it?
Would we really want this? And what might we learn about ourselves or how we see our lives if we ________ considered it? To be sure, there are ________ here. If you had someone else’s life, who would raise your children or love your spouse or take care of your parents in their old age?
In fact, if you were someone else your own children would not have come into existence in the first place. That’s not a happy thought. To ________ this, perhaps the best way to cast this is in terms of a trade: If you had their life then they would have yours, and live it exactly as you would have. Your responsibilities would be ________, so there would be nothing to feel guilty about.
If we think of it this way, then the question of wanting to be someone else is a question of what we might call experience: Is there anybody else whose experience of life you would prefer, ________ everything else would be equal? One ________ concern about wanting someone else’s experience is that my desire to be someone else is grounded in values and desires that I have, and so I have to be me in order to want to be him. However, it’s not clear that that presents any real obstacle to such a desire. The fact is that there would be at least enough overlap (重叠)with them that they are exemplifying my values and desires but have a better experience than I do. So I can still prefer to be them.
I think that, on reflection, most of us would not want to ________ with another person, no matter how successful or tempting their lives seem. To see why, though, we’ll need to ________ our angle of vision. We will have to look at our own experiences rather than at theirs, or perhaps look at our experiences first. What would I be willing to give up to be another? My relationships with everyone — children, spouse, friends —and my whole history. I wouldn’t have ________ it. My loss would be that of the whole of my own experience. [填空题] *
空1答案：K
空2答案：D
空3答案：A
空4答案：F
空5答案：H
空6答案：E
空7答案：B
空8答案：G
空9答案：I
空10答案：C
答案解析：【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了虽然有时我们羡慕别人的生活，但我们不会愿意放弃自己现在的生活去过另一个人的生活。
（1）考查固定短语。句意：如果有机会成为他们，你是否会被诱惑？on offer固定短语，“提供的、供使用的”，故填K。
（2）考查副词。句意：如果我们认真考虑的话，我们可以从中学到什么，或者我们如何看待自己的生活？修饰动词considered用副词，根据“Would we really want this? And what might we learn about ourselves or how we see our lives” 可知此处表示“认真地”，故填D。
（3）考查名词。句意：当然，这里也有复杂的情况。分析句子结构并结合句意可知此处缺少名词作表语，根据“If you had someone else’s life, who would raise your children or love your spouse or take care of your parents in their old age?”可知此处表示“难题、复杂的情况”，故填A。
（4）考查动词。句意：为了解决这个问题，也许最好的方法是用交易的方式来表达：如果你有他们的生活，他们就会拥有你的生活，并且像你一样生活下去。空前的To为不定式符号，此处需要填动词原形，根据“perhaps the best way to cast this”可知此处表示“解决”，故填F。
（5）考查动词。句意：你的责任会被包括在内，所以不会有任何负罪感。前一句说如果你拥有他们的生活，他们就会拥有你的生活，并且像你一样生活下去，此处是说你的责任会被包括在内，因此此处表示“包括”，Your responsibilities与之是被动关系，此处填过去分词，故填H。
（6）考查动词。句意：假设其他一切都是平等的，还有谁的生活经历是你更喜欢的吗？assuming that常引导条件状语从句，表示“假如……”，故填E。
（7）考查形容词。句意：想要别人经历的一个直接问题是，我想要成为别人的愿望是基于我所拥有的价值观和欲望，所以我必须成为我自己，才能成为他。修饰名词concern用形容词，根据“concern about wanting someone else’s experience is that my desire to be someone else is grounded in values and desires that 1 have, and so I have to be me in order to want to be him.”可知此处表示“直接的”，故填B。
（8）考查动词。句意：我想，经过深思熟虑，我们大多数人都不想和别人做交易，不管他们的生活看起来多么成功或诱人。空前的to为不定式符号，此处需要填动词原形，trade with表示“与……做交易”， 故填G。
（9）考查动词。句意：不过，要了解原因，我们需要转变视角。空前的to是不定式符号，此处需要填动词原形，根据“our angle of vision”可知此处表示“转变”，故填I。
（10）考查动词。句意：为了成为另一个人，我愿意放弃什么?我与每个人的关系，孩子，配偶，朋友和我的整个历史，我不会经历这些。此处缺少动词作谓语，空前的have表明此处填过去分词，根据“What would I be willing to give up to be another?”可知此处表示“经历”，故填C。
【点评】考查选词填空，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确掌握所给材料，在理解句义的基础上，根据方框内所给的词汇，结合相关的语法知识，做出正确答案。
4.
A. stressed B. exhibited C. reveals D. momentary E. reluctance F. unforgettable G. attaches H. amusedly I. understatement J. confusedly K. delivery L.stand
The Correct Answer to the Question
The usual answer to the greeting “How are you?” is generally “Not too bad.” Why? Because it’s all-purpose. Whatever the circumstances, whatever the conditions, “Not too bad” will get you through. On an average day it ________ a confusing modesty. In good times it implies a decent pessimism (悲观), a kind of ________ to express oneself. And when things are rough, really rough and annoying, it becomes a heroic ________, as if everything goes well. Best of all, it gently prevents further inquiry with all three syllables (音节) equally ________, because it is basically meaningless.
Americans are small-talk artists. They have to be. This is a wild country. The weakest agreement ________ one person to the next. So the “Have a nice day”, the “Hot enough for you”, and the “How about those guys” serve a vital purpose. Without these little commonly-used phrases and the ________ social contract that they represent, to calm people, the streets would be a free-for-all exhibition of disaster.
But that’s the negative view. Some of my happiest interactions with other human beings have been glancing moments of small talks. It’s an extraordinary thing. A person stands before you, a complete stranger, and the best everyday small talk can have his or her soul ________ in front of your eyes.
I was out walking the other day when a UPS truck pulled to the side of the road. As the driver leaped from his cab to make a ________, I heard relaxing music coming out of the truck’s speakers — a kind of familiar and weightless blues music, and it’s my favorite tune. “China Cat Sunflower?” I said to the UPS guy as he rushed back to his truck. He ________ showed a huge smile, “You got it, babe!”
The exchange of feelings, the perfect understanding, the simplest small talk that emerged instantly between us, and, most of all, the ________ “babe”—I was high as a kite for the next 10 minutes after such a pure small talk. [填空题] *
空1答案：C
空2答案：E
空3答案：I
空4答案：A
空5答案：G
空6答案：D
空7答案：B
空8答案：K
空9答案：H
空10答案：F
答案解析：【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国的闲聊文化，介绍了这一文化中常用的一些短语背后隐含的意义和这些小短语的重要性。
（1）句意：在平常的日子里，它显示出一种令人困惑的谦虚。空处作谓语，结合句意表示“显示”应用reveal，且陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语为it，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填reveals，选C。
（2）句意：在好日子里，它暗示着一种悲观主义，一种不愿表达自己的情绪。结合句意表示“不愿”且作宾语，应用名词reluctance，为不可数名词。故填reluctance，故选E。
（3）句意：当日子变得艰难，真的很艰难，很令人烦恼的时候，这就变成了一个英雄的轻描淡写，好像一切都很顺利。结合句意“轻描淡写”以及上文a heroic，可知应填单数名词understatement。故填understatement，故选I。
（4）句意：最重要的是，当三个音节都重读时，它可以避免进一步的追问，因为它基本上是没有意义的。结合句意“重读”可知应用动词stress，此处为with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，stress与syllables构成被动，应用过去分词。故填stressed，故选A。
（5）句意：最弱的协议将一个人与另一个人联系在一起。空处作谓语，结合句意表示“与……联系”应用attach，此处陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语为agreement，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填attaches，故选G。
（6）句意：如果没有这些常用的小短语和它们所代表的短暂的社会契约来安抚人们，街头将会是一场混战的灾难展览。修饰后文名词contract，表示“短暂的”应用形容词momentary，作定语。故填momentary，故选D。
（7）句意：一个人，一个完全陌生的人站在你面前时，日常闲聊可以把他或她的灵魂展现在你的眼前。结合句意“展现”可知应用动词exhibit，且此处为“have+宾语+宾补”结构，soul与exhibit构成被动关系，应用过去分词，故填exhibited，故选B。
（8）句意：就在司机从驾驶室跳下来准备送货的时候，我听到卡车的扬声器里传出轻松的音乐——一种熟悉的、轻松的蓝调音乐，这是我最喜欢的曲调。根据上文make a以及句意“送货”可知短语为make a delivery。故填delivery，故选K。
（9）句意：他开心地笑着说：“你说对了，宝贝！”修饰后文动词show应用副词，结合句意表示“开心地”应用amusedly，故填amusedly，故选H。
（10）句意：我们之间的感情交流，完美的理解，最简单的寒暄，以及最令人难忘的“宝贝”——在这纯粹的寒暄之后的10分钟里，我情绪高涨，兴奋得像风筝一样。修饰后文名词babe，结合句意表示“最令人难忘的”可知应用形容词unforgettable，作定语，故填unforgettable，故选F。
【点评】考查选词填空，考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。
5.
A. enormous B. decrease C. experienced D. positive E. popularity F.efficiently
G. focus H. expand I. respectful J. protect K. fiercely L. fast
Eco-tourism involves people travelling to beautiful but environmental sensitive place. Such trips are usually carried out with a(n) ________ guide. Over recent years this type of travel has been steadily gaining ________ as more people search for new travel experiences.
It is obvious that eco-tourism is beneficial in many aspects. First, all the money spent by the tourists is used to ________ the important environmental spots they visit. Second, it helps visitors to better understand the environment, which is sure to ________ their knowledge of the world. Furthermore, this style of travel is also more ________ of the local culture.
Compared to normal tourists, eco-tourist use energy more ________, save water and produce less rubbish by finding ways to recycle it. These behaviors have a(n) ________ and lasting effect on the local environment.
Two things are needed to make eco-tourism a success. First, it should be done in small groups. And second, because it requires ________ effort, both eco-tourists and locals must be sincere in their devotion to improving the environment.
Green travel provides local people with jobs in parks, hotels and shops. One great achievement of eco-tourism has been the ________ of illegal hunting. Former hunters can now work as guides to help keep the animals safe in their natural surroundings.
Peru is one country using eco-tourism to promote respect for the environment. It’s not able to take better care of its rainforests because of ________ on more sustainable travel.
In addition to this, local people’s living-standards have improved. Many others are now following Peru’s example and using eco-tourism to preserve their environment for the future generations. [填空题] *
空1答案：C
空2答案：E
空3答案：J
空4答案：H
空5答案：I
空6答案：F
空7答案：D
空8答案：A
空9答案：B
空10答案：G
答案解析：【分析】本文是一篇说明文，随着越来越多的人寻求新的旅游体验，生态旅游行已经逐渐受到欢迎。短文介绍了生态旅游的益处以及使生态旅游能够成功的要素。
（1）考查形容词。句意：这样的旅行通常是在有经验的导游陪同下进行的。形容词修饰名词guide。根据句意，形容词experienced”有经验的”修饰名词guide。故填experienced”有经验的”。故填 C。
（2）考查名词。句意：近年来，随着越来越多的人寻求新的旅游体验，这种类型的旅行已经逐渐受到欢迎。gain为为及物动词后接名词作宾语。根据句意，gain为及物动词后接名词popularity”受欢迎”作宾语。故空处填名词popularity”受欢迎”。故填 E 。
（3）考查非谓语动词。句意：首先，游客所花的钱都用在保护他们参观的重要景点上了。be used to do sth “被用来做某事”，所以空处应填动词原形。根据句意，所以空处填protect”保护”。故填J 。
（4）考查非谓语动词。句意：其次，它帮助游客更好地了解环境，这一定会扩展他们的视野。be sure to do sth “一定做某事”，所以空处填动词原形。根据句意，所以空处填动词expand”扩展”。故填H 。
（5）考查名词。句意：此外，这种旅行方式也更尊重当地的文化。分析句子可知，本句为”be +形容词+of”的结构，根据句意，be respectful of固定短语， “尊重…”。故填I 。
（6）考查副词。句意：与普通游客相比，生态旅游者更能有效地利用能源，通过回收利用的方法节约用水，减少垃圾的产生。分析句子可知，副词修饰动词use。根据句意，efficiently”高效地”为副词修饰动词use。故填F 。
（7）考查形容词。句意：这些行为对当地环境产生了积极而持久的影响。and并列连接两个形容词。根据句意，空处填positive”积极的”。故填D。
（8）考查形容词。句意：其次，因为这需要巨大的努力，所以生态旅游者和当地人都必须真心实意地致力于改善环境。形容词修饰名词effort。根据句意，形容词enormous”巨大的”修饰名词effort。故填enormous”巨大的”。故填A 。
（9）考查名词。句意：生态旅游的一大成就是减少了非法狩猎。the+名词+of“…….的”，根据句意，本空应填decrease”减少”。故填B 。
（10）考查名词。句意：由于更注重可持续发展旅游，因此它无法更好地保护热带雨林。of为介词，后接名词作宾语。focus on 固定短语，“聚焦”，空处填focus”焦点”。故填G。
【点评】考查选词填空，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据方框内所给的词汇，结合相关的语法知识，做出正确答案。
6.
A. confusingly B. robbing C. apply D. accelerates E. bearable F. fear
G. underlying H. temporarily I. claims J. bargain K. outcomes L.happily
The Danger of Sharenting
For the vast majority of people, checking social media involves a mix of expectation and curiosity. The app feeds on a collective ________ that we are missing out on something, whether it’s a fabulous party, a pop-up sale, or the mere concept of vacation. But the same dynamic doesn’t quite ________ to parents sharing pictures of their young children online. There certainly may be an element of proud boasting: “Admire my little son’s taste in jazz,” etc. But these carefully chosen photos often do little more than help parents escape from a harsh day ________. The isolation of parenthood delivers one to strange places, and you need your tribe. Sharing images on social media makes the experience ________, connecting one to a larger world.
In his new book Why We Should Think Before We Talk About Our Kids Online, Leah Plunkett, a Harvard psychology professor, argues that “sharenting” happens when an adult transmits private details about a child via digital channels. It ________ a child’s entry into “digital life.” Studies estimate that by 2030 nearly two-thirds of identity-fraud cases affecting today’s children will have been caused by sharenting.
For Plunkett, there are a couple of reasons to be concerned about sharenting. On a philosophical level, sharenting exposes children to the larger digital world without their permission, ________ them of a kind of privacy. This feeds into Plunkett’s second, much broader concern. The ________ problem with sharenting is the same with many adult-world privacy issues: the bargain we have made in exchange for these services is that we surrender our data and choose not to imagine the worst-case scenarios. Could things that parents post about children produce real-world ________, in terms of bullying, professional reputation, or future prospects? Today, long before children take their first step, their digital data already travels to “thousands, likely tens of thousands, of human and machine users.” How long will it be until someone ________ the power to predict who a child will become as an adult based on these data points?
Plunkett’s concerns made parents reconsider their choices. In the end, Plunkett’s advice is to “make more mindful choices” about digital lives though parenthood is often so ________ vague that mindfulness seems impossible. [填空题] *
空1答案：F
空2答案：C
空3答案：H
空4答案：E
空5答案：D
空6答案：B
空7答案：G
空8答案：K
空9答案：I
空10答案：A
答案解析：【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了父母在社交媒体上“晒娃”是危险的。
A.令人困惑 B.抢劫 C.申请 D.加速 E.承担 F.恐惧 G.基础 暂时H. I.索赔 J.便宜 K.成果
（1）考查名词。句意：这款应用程序助长了一种集体的恐惧，即：我们正在错过某些东西，无论是一个精彩的派对，一个弹出式销售，或仅仅是度假的概念。作动词短语feeds on的宾语用名词，根据空后的同位语从句可知此处表示“恐惧”，故填F。
（2）考查动词。句意：但同样的情况并不适用于父母在网上分享孩子的照片。此处缺少动词做谓语，apply to表示“适用于”，故填C。
（3）考查副词。句意：但这些精心挑选的照片，往往只会帮助家长暂时逃离难熬的一天。修饰动词短语escape from用副词，根据句意可知此处表示“暂时地”，故填H。
（4）考查形容词。句意：在社交媒体上分享图片让这种体验变得可以忍受，将一个人与一个更大的世界连接起来。此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构，此处缺少形容词作宾补，上文说这些照片会帮助家长暂时逃离难熬的一天，因此此处指“可忍受的”，故填E。
（5）考查动词。句意：这加速了孩子进入“数字生活”。此处缺少动词做谓语，根据“try into “digital life.””可知此处表示“加速”，故填D。
（6）考查非谓语动词。句意：在哲学层面上，“晒娃”让孩子们在未经允许的情况下接触到更大的数字世界，剥夺了他们的某种隐私。空前没有连词，此处使用非谓语动词，用现在分词做结果状语，表示一种自然而然的结果，rob sb of sth表示“剥夺某人的某物”，故填B。
（7）考查形容词。句意：分享的根本问题和许多成人世界的隐私问题是一样的。修饰名词problem用形容词，根据句意可知此处表示“根本的”，故填 G。
（8）考查名词。句意：父母发布的关于孩子的帖子会产生现实世界的结果，比如欺凌、职业声誉或未来前景?做动词produce的宾语用名词，根据句意可知此处表示“结果”，故填 K。
（9）考查动词。句意：要过多久，才会有人声称有能力根据这些数据点来预测一个孩子长大后会成为什么样的人？此处缺少动词做谓语，根据句意可知此处表示“声称”，故填 I。
（10）考查副词。句意：最后，普伦基特的建议是，在数字生活中做出更谨慎的选择，尽管为人父母常常是如此令人困惑地模糊，以至于专注似乎不可能。修饰形容词vague用副词，根据句意可知此处表示“令人困惑地”，故填 A。
【点评】考查选词填空，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，在理解句义的基础上，根据方框内所给的词汇，结合相关的语法知识，做出正确答案。
7.
A. advanced B. automatically C. bay D. boost E. contained F. exposed
G. interacted H. randomly I. reaction J. sprayed K. spread L. explained
Change Behavior to Prevent Infection
During flu season, frequent hand-washing is a must, as is avoiding co-workers or friends who are sick. But we humans are not the only animals that change behavior to keep diseases at ________, and so do ants.
Nathalie of the University of Lausanne and her colleagues observed ants to see their ________ to the presence of a pathogen (病原体). “With the nurses staying inside and taking care of the young, the worker ants are all outside of the nest to collect food and defend the territory.” Worker ants are at greater risk of getting ________to diseases because they leave the safety of the nest. So the researchers ________ a common fungus (真 菌) on a small group of worker ants and then followed their movements to see the way other ants reacted. “We marked all ants in the colony with individual labels, which is________detected and recorded using a tracking system.”
After the infection, the nurse and worker ants stayed within their small group and ________ less outside of their work group. The researchers also saw that worker ants spent more time outside of the nest. “They increase that amount by 15 percent so by quite a long large amount.” The researchers measured the amount of fungus on each ant and saw that it was almost completely ________to the worker group. Some nurse ants and the Queen only had trace amounts of fungus’ spores (孢 子) on them. The study indicated that the group behavior effectively stopped the ________of the fungus. Something that’s quite interesting in these ants is that the very small amount of the spores can________their natural defenses and protect them against later exposure to the same pathogen. It seems that in their ability to avoid infecting other members of the community, ants may be more ________than we are. [填空题] *
空1答案：C
空2答案：I
空3答案：F
空4答案：J
空5答案：B
空6答案：G
空7答案：E
空8答案：K
空9答案：D
空10答案：A
答案解析：【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明，蚂蚁与“病号蚂蚁群”隔离开来以躲避疾病。
（1）考查名词。句意：但我们人类并不是唯一一种通过改变行为来控制疾病的动物，蚂蚁也是如此。keep sb at bay 固定短语，“把某人逼入绝境，使某人走投无路”，故选C。
（2）考查名词。句意：洛桑大学的 Nathalie和同事观察了蚂蚁们对病原体的反应。形容词性物主代词后接名词，结合句意，可知选I。
（3）考查非谓语动词。句意：工蚁因为离开巢穴这个安全地带更容易感染疾病。get exposed to固定短语，“暴露于，面临，接触”，故选F。
（4）考查动词。句意：因此，研究人员在一小群工蚁身上喷洒了一种常见的真菌，然后跟踪它们的活动，并观察其它蚂蚁的反应。讲述的是发生在过去的动作，用一般过去时，故选J。
（5）考查副词。句意：我们给所有蚂蚁都打上了单独的标签，以此追踪系统可以自动检测和记录。副词修饰谓语动词，故选B。
（6）考查动词。句意：感染后，负责看护的蚂蚁与工蚁呆在属于自己的小圈子里，在两个圈子之外的互动变少了。谓语动词用一般过去时，故选G。
（7）考查时态语态。句意：研究人员还测量了每只蚂蚁身上的真菌数量，发现几乎整个工蚁群都受到了感染。谓语动词用一般过去时的被动语态，故选E。
（8）考查名词。句意：研究表明，群体行为有效地阻止了真菌的传播。此处名词作宾语，故选k。
（9）考查动词。句意：这些蚂蚁身上有一点很有趣的是极少量的孢子可以增强它们的自然防御，保护他们免受同一种病原体的感染。情态动词后接动词原形，故选D。
（10）考查形容词。句意：蚂蚁似乎有能力避免感染社区的其他成员，它们可能比我们更先进。此处形容词比较级作表语，故选A。
【点评】考查选词填空，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，在理解句义的基础上，根据方框内所给的词汇，结合相关的语法知识，做出正确答案。
8.
A.simply B.constant C.disappointing D. distinguish E. undertaken F.experienced
G. negative H. outcome I. pattern J. plural K. repeatedly L. rewarded
According to psychologist Katherine Phillip, children don’t benefit from ______praise as much as we’d like to think. “Parents often praise, believing they are building their child’s self-confidence. However, over-praising can have a _____ effect,” says Phillip. “When we use the same praise_____, it may become empty and no longer valued by the child. It can also become an expectation that anything they do must be ______with praise. This may lead to the child avoiding taking risks due to fear of ______their parents.”
Does this mean we should do away with all the praise? Phillip says no. “The key to healthy praise is to focus on the process rather than the______. It is the recognition of a child’s attempt, or the process in which they achieved something, that is essential,” she says. “Parents should encourage their child to take the risks needed to learn and grow.”
So how do we break the______of praise we’re all so accustomed to? Phillip says it’s important to______between “person praise” and “process raise”. “Person praise is ______ saying how great someone is. It’s a form of personal approval. Process praise s acknowledgement of the efforts the person has just ______. Children who receive person praise are more likely to feel shame after losing,” says Phillip. [填空题] *
空1答案：B
空2答案：G
空3答案：K
空4答案：L
空5答案：C
空6答案：H
空7答案：I
空8答案：D
空9答案：A
空10答案：E
答案解析：1. B. 根据横线后的名词praise，可以判断此处缺少形容词。根据句意“孩子并不会像我们想象的那样从_____的赞扬中受益”， 所以选择答案B constant “经常的，不断的”。
2. G. 根据横线前的不定冠词a以及后的名词effect，可以判断横线处应填形容词。根据句间逻辑，句首出现转折词however，说明前后句是转折的逻辑关系，句意会相反。前句说赞扬可以帮助孩子建立自信心，因此后句就要表达赞扬带来的不利影响。所以选择答案G negative“不利的”。
3. K. 根据句子的”主谓宾结构，句子主要结构完整，因此可用副词对动词use进行修饰。根据句意“当我们重复使用相同的夸赞”，所以选择答案K repeatedly“反复地”。
4. L. 根据句式结构，anything为主语，该空和must be构成谓语动词，这里with加名词praise表示从属关系。根据固定搭配be rewarded with 表示“得到……的奖赏”，所以答案为rewarded。
5. C. 根据介词of后加v-ing形式，以及本句句意“这可能会导致孩子拒绝冒险，因为害怕令自己的父母失望”。所以选择答案disappointing令人失望的。
6. H. 根据rather than前后词性要一致，相同部分可省略，所以rather than后要填入和process一样词性的名词，这里省略了focus on。根据句意“获得良好赞美的关键是专注于过程而不是_____”以及rather than前后表达含义不一致，所以选择答案outcome。
7. I. 根据横线前后，得知缺少名词。该句要表达“那么我们该如何打破我们都习惯的赞美模式呢?”所以选择答案 pattern “模式”。
8. D. 根据固定搭配distinguish between A and B “区分A和B”，以及句意 “区分对个人的称赞和对过程的称赞很重要” ，所以选择答案 distinguish “区分，辨别”
9. A.此句的句子结构为主系表，因此可以填写副词对动词saying进行修饰。根据句意“对人的称赞仅仅是说这个人有多好”。所以选择答案 simply“仅仅，简单地，只不过”。
10. E.根据句式结构，该句是一个省略连接词的定语从句，对先行词efforts进行修饰。在该从句中运用了现在完成时态，因此has 后要接动词的过去分词形式。根据对句意的理解，“对过程的表扬是对这个人所做的努力的肯定”，所以选择答案 undertaken“从事，承担”。
9.
A.changes B.flexible C. intensity D.recent E.securityF.reduce
G.relatively H.safety I.resistant J.expensive K.force L.accordingly
After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: The damage and death toll(死亡人数) could have been much worse. More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, and earthquake of similar ______that shook America in 1998 claimed 25,000 victims.
Injuries and deaths were ______less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. On a holiday, when traffic was light on the city’s highway. In addition, ______ made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city’s buildings and highways, making them more ______ to quakes.
In the past, making structures quake-resist-ant meant firm yet ______materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to ______the impact of ground vibrations. The most ______designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquake’s vibrations. When ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would ______the building to shift in the opposite direction. The new designs should offer even greater ______ to cities where earthquakes ofen take place.
The new smart structures could be very ______to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes. [填空题] *
空1答案：C
空2答案：G
空3答案：A
空4答案：I
空5答案：B
空6答案：F
空7答案：D
空8答案：K
空9答案：E
空10答案：J
答案解析： 1. 选C)。此处应填名词，作介词of的宾语，作为后置定语修饰earthquake，说明该名词是”地震”的自然属性。选项中的名词有changes，safety，intensity和security，只有intensity可以表示地震的强度，故选M)。
2. 选G)。此处应填副词，用来修饰形容词less。选项中的副词有relatively”相对的”和accordingly”相应的”，第一段说这 次地震和1998年的那次地震程度一样，但造成的损失却小很多，再从后句中”高速路上的车辆不是很多”可以推断：这次的地震造成的”死伤人数”与1998 年比少很多，即少是相对的，故选G)relatively。
3. 选A)。空格中要填的词是本句话中的主语，应为名词。这句话的主干是have strengthened the city’s buildings and highways,从第三段的内容和注释3的解析可知：建筑结构发生了变化，故应选择A)changes。
4. 选I)。此处应填形容词，和其前面的more构成形容词的比较级，描述新型建筑与地震有关的性能。them = the city’s buildings and highways, have strengthened “被加固”说明他们更有抵御风险的能力了。选项中的四个形容词只有resistant符合这个意思，故选I)。
5. 选B)。此处应填形容词，修饰名词materials。从后面的…bent without breaking “即使弯曲也不会折断”，说明是有韧性的材料。选项中的四个形容词只有flexible表示”柔韧的，可变形的”，故B)正确。
6.选F)。此处应填名词。根据上下文insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation”在建筑物和地基之间填充橡胶和钢材”是为了减少the impact of ground vibrations”地面震动对建筑物的影响”。选项中decrease和reduce都可以表示”减少”的意思，前者指稳定的逐步地减少，后者强调在 大小、程度或强度方面下降或减少。故F)reduce更符合题意。
7. 选D)。根据注释3，可以推知，这里要填的词是和前面的In the past, Laer相对应的，选项中的形容词中只有recent可表示时间，the most recent desighs”最近的设计”，在原文中可以对应”过去，后来”，故D)为正确答案。
8. 选K)。前面提到了智能建筑，这里说明当地震使这样的建筑向前倒的时候，电脑会怎样它，使它相反方向移动。在动词push和force之间悬着。push强调的是外加的力量，而这里的拖力者是与智能建筑一体的计算机系统，故这里force符合文意。
9. 选E)。此后应填名词，做动词offer的宾语。本句前面一直在描述新型建筑采取的抗震措施，本句是这些措施的结果。抗震型建筑为城市提供的应该 是更多的安全保障，选项中表示”安全”的词有safety和security，前者是处于安全状态，不受伤害，没有危险，多用于人身，货物。后者常指国家 社会的免遭战争，灾难而安然无恙，故N)security更符合文意。
10. 选J)。此处应填形容词。从后面的However后的一句说明智能建筑的优点而得知，However前所说的是智能建筑的缺点。既然智能建筑很聪明，又是新事物，那么建造起来肯定会耗费很多资金的，所以选J)expensive。
10.
A. accurate B. conclusion C. directly D. either E.evaluate F. vulnerable
G. flights H.largely I.nearby J. respond K. slim L.spread
Finally, some good news about airplane travel. If you are on a plane with a sick passenger, you are unlikely to get sick. That is the ______of a new study that looked at how respiratory(呼吸道) viruses ______on airplanes. Researchers found that only people who were seated in the same row as a passenger with the flu, for example —- or one row in front of or behind that individual —- had a high risk of catching the illness. All other passengers had only a very ______ chance of getting sick, according to the findings. Media reports have not necessarily presented ______ information about the risk of getting infected on an airplane in the past. Therefore, these new findings should help airplane passengers to feel less ______ to catching respiratory infections while traveling by air.
Prior to the new study, little was known about the risks of getting ______infected by common respiratory viruses, such as the flu or common cold, on an airplane, the researchers said. So, to ______the risks of infection, the study team flew on 10 different ______ in the U.S. during the flu season. The researchers found that passengers sitting within two seats on ______side of a person infected with the flu, as well as those sitting one row in front of or behind this individual, had about an 80 percent chance of getting sick. But other passengers were ______safe from infection. They had a less than 3 percent chance of catching the flu. [填空题] *
空1答案：B
空2答案：L
空3答案：K
空4答案：A
空5答案：F
空6答案：C
空7答案：E
空8答案：G
空9答案：D
空10答案：H
答案解析：1. B
词性：此处空格前为冠词，后为介词of判断应填入名词。前面是that is，所以是单数名词。
词义：一项新研究的“结论”。选B
2. L
词性：looked at how respiratory(呼吸道) viruses __27__ on airplanes.主谓结构，缺了谓语。现在时，主语是复数，填动词原形。
词义：病菌，填传播 spread
3. K
词性：冠词+_____+名词，填形容词
词义：前面有only，这个空填slim微小的。
4. A
词性：这个句子结构完整，缺修饰，因修饰名词，所以填形容词
词义：accurate
5. F
词性：feel(系动词)+形容词
词义：be vulnerable to ，易受伤害的
6. C
词性：这个句子结构完整，缺修饰，因修饰形容词，所以填副词
词义：直接感染，directly
7. E
词性：to ____，填动词原形。
词义：为了评估感染的风险，评估evaluate
8. G
词性：名词
词义：不同的航班 flights
9. D
词性：形容词
词义：either两者中的任何一个
10. H
词性：这个句子结构完整，缺修饰，因修饰形容词，所以填副词
词义：largely
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