2023年春江苏开放大学综合英语（进阶）过程性性考核作业三

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填空题
题型：填空题客观题答案不允许乱序分值20分难度：简单得分：20
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C1. Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given in a word bank below. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each blank.
A.   motivating B.   pay a big price C.   comes down to D. enlightening E.   violates
F.   would rather G. make   concessions H.   come in handy I.   prejudiced J.   compose
1. If you  be alone, we will leave here.
2. The Prime Minister has made it clear that he won’t  to the strikers.
3. It is a good opportunity for us to invest in the project, but it  money in the end; that is how much money we can afford to invest.
4. You will need to prove the noise made by your neighbor  the regulations.
5. She frowned at the sales report, making an effort to  herself before she talked to the employees.
6. Although personally we believe this to be of only secondary importance, its potential role
in  innovative acts cannot be ignored.
7. Please don’t forget the Tourist Guide, which should when you travel to different places in Asia and Europe for the next few weeks.
8. She didn’t want to marry him and was against him because he didn’t meet her expectations for marriage.
9. You will  for not learning English; you never know how much you will miss without being able to speak English.
10. To study a number of subjects in the humanities has been both enjoyable and , providing me with a new and different perspective on the world in which we live.
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学生答案：F；G；C；E；J；A；H；I；B；D
题型：填空题客观题答案不允许乱序分值20分难度：一般得分：20
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C2. Read the passage and select one word for each blank.
A.   vanish B.   absolutely C.   rival D.   implies E.   accumulating
F.   better G.   Theoretically H.   rather I.   because J.   probability
In my opinion, making a decision 1 that there are several options for us to think about. Sometimes, we have to choose from 2 options, and in such a case we want not only to identify as many of these difficult choices as possible, but also to choose the one that has the highest 3 of success. To achieve this goal, every carefully chosen decision must be made in the light of a preset standard. Also, “Do it” or “Don’t do it” does not qualify as a set of alternative choices. Only “Do this” or “Do something else” really qualifies. (By Steven)
4 , the winning strategy of decision-making is to sufficiently reduce uncertainty to allow a reasonable choice to be made. However, many of us are expectedly unreasonable. We can’t bear to let any opportunities 5 nor can we even stand the temporary pain. We have a tendency to seek more information than required to make a complicated decision. However, when too much information is sought and obtained, 6 than restricted options, several problems can arise. (By Judy)
That’s 7 true. For example, when so much information is available, our decision-making ability actually declines 8 the information can no longer be managed with conscious effort. A major problem caused by information overload is forgetfulness. We are naturally prejudiced that more is 9 . However, when too much information is taken into memory, especially in a short period of time, some of the information that was received earlier will be pushed out. Therefore, 10 evidence shows that more is not necessarily better. (By Jason)
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学生答案：D；C；J；G；A；H；B；I；F；E
题型：填空题客观题答案不允许乱序分值10分难度：较难得分：10
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C3. Reading comprehension. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
For millions of years before the appearance of the electric light, shift work, all-night cable TV and the Internet, earth’s creatures evolved on a planet with predictable and reassuring 24-hour rhythms. Our biological clocks are set for this daily cycle. Simply, our bodies want to sleep at night and be awake during the day. Most women and men need between eight and eight and a half hours of sleep a night to function properly throughout their lives. (Contrary to popular belief, humans don’t need less sleep as they age.)
But on average, Americans sleep only about seven and a half hours per night, a marked drop from the nine hours they averaged in 1910. What’s worse, nearly one third of all Americans get less than six hours of sleep on a typical work night. For most people, that’s not nearly enough.
Finding ways to get more and better sleep can be a challenge. Scientists have identified more than 80 different sleep disorders. Some sleeping disorders are genetic. But many problems are caused by staying up late and by travelling frequently between time zones or by working nights. Dr. James F. Jones at National Jewish Medical and Research Centre in Denver says that sleep disorders are often diagnosed as other discomforts. About one third of the patients referred to him with possible chronic fatigue syndrome actually have treatable sleep disorders. “Before we do anything else, we look at their sleep,” Jones says.
Sleep experts say that most people would benefit from a good look at their sleep patterns. “My motto (座右铭) is ‘Sleep defensively’,” says Mary Carskadon of Brown University. She says people need to carve out sufficient time to sleep, even if it means giving up other things. Sleep routines — like going to bed and getting up at the same time every day — are important. Pre-bedtime activities also make a difference. As with Elsner, who used to suffer from sleeplessness, a few life style changes — avoiding stimulants and late meals, exercising hours before bed-time, relaxing with a hot bath — yield better sleep.
1. What do we learn about human sleep from the second paragraph?
A) Most people need less sleep when they grow older.
B) Most people need seven and a half hours of sleep every night.
C) On average, people in the US today sleep less per night than they used to.
D) For most people, less than six hours of sleep on a typical work night is enough.
2. For our bodies to function properly, we should .
A) sleep for at least eight hours per night
B) believe that we need less sleep as we age
C) adjust our activities to the new inventions
D) be able to predict the rhythms of our biological clocks
3. According to the author, many sleeping disorders are caused by  .
A) other diseases
B) improper sleep patterns
C) pre-bedtime exercises
D) chronic fatigue syndrome
4. Which of the following measures can help you sleep better?
A) Having late meals.
B) Travelling between time zones.
C) Staying up late.
D) Taking a hot bath.
5. What does the author mean by saying “Sleep defensively” (Para. 4)?
A) People should go to a doctor and have their problems diagnosed.
B) People should exercise immediately before going to bed every night.
C) People should sacrifice other things to getting enough sleep if necessary.
D) People should give up going to bed and getting up at the same time every day.
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学生答案：C；A；B；D；C
题型：填空题客观题答案不允许乱序分值10分难度：较难得分：10
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C4. Passage Two. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
Some 23 million additional US residents are expected to become more regular users of the US health care system in the next several years, thanks to the passage of health care reform. Digitizing medical data has been promoted as one way to help the already burdened system manage the surge in patients. But putting people’s health information in databases and online is going to do more than simply reduce redundancies (冗余). It is already shifting the very way we seek and receive health care.
“The social dynamics of care are changing,” says John Gomez, vice president and chief technology strategy officer at Eclipsys, a medical information technology company. Most patients might not yet be willing to share their latest CT scan images over Facebook, he notes, but many parents post their babies’ ultrasound(超声波) images, and countless patients nowadays use social networking sites to share information about conditions, treatments and doctors.
With greater access to individualized health information — whether that is through a formal electronic medical record, a self-created personal health record or a quick instant-messaging session with a physician — the traditional roles of doctors and patients are undergoing a rapid transition. “For as long as we’ve known, health care has been ‘I go to the physician, and they tell me what to do, and I do it’,” says Nitu Kashyap, a physician and research fellow at the Yale Center for Medical Informatics. Soon more patients will be arriving at a hospital or doctor’s office having reviewed their own record, latest test results and recommended articles about their health concerns. And even more individuals will be able to skip that visit altogether, instead sending a text message or e-mail to their care provider or consulting a personal health record or smart-phone application to answer their questions.
These changes will be strengthened by the nationwide shift to electronic medical records, which has already begun. Although the majority of US hospitals and doctors’ offices are still struggling to start the changeover, many patients already have electronic medical records — and some even have partial access to them. The MyChart program, in use at Cleveland Clinic, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Centre at Dallas and other facilities, is a Web portal(门户) through which patients can see basic medical information as well as some test results.
Medical data is getting a new digital life, and it is jump-starting a “fundamental change in how care is provided”, Gomez says.
1. What does the author say about putting patient information in databases and online?
A) It enables more Americans to join the health care system.
B) It contributes to the passage of health care reform.
C) It increases the burden of the US health care system.
D) It changes how people seek and receive health care.
2. What do many patients use social networking sites to do according to John Gomez?
A) To improve their social interactions.
B) To post their latest CT scan images.
C) To share information about their health care.
D) To show their babies’ recent pictures.
3. According to Nitu Kashyap, more patients in the future will  .
A) refuse to follow their doctors’ advice
B) be more dependent on their doctors
C) leave out their visit to doctors’ offices and hospitals
D) have their illness cured through e-mail
4. It is stated in the fifth paragraph that  .
A) nationwide digitalization of medical data will begin soon
B) most of US hospitals and doctors are against the shift
C) patients are worried about the security of their health information
D) patients are starting to make use of their electronic medical records
5. The best title for this passage could be  .
A) The Future of Your Medical Data
B) Challenges Against Doctors and Hospitals
C) Benefits of the US Health Care Reform
D) How to Access and Share Your Health Information
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学生答案：D；C；C；D；A
题型：填空题客观题答案不允许乱序分值10分难度：较难得分：10
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C5. Passage Three. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
“Sushi tastes amazing. A great steak is just amazing.” Those are not the words you expect to hear from a leader of the vegetarian movement. But that’s how Graham Hill, founder of the sustainability website Tree Hugger, feels about the fleshier components of his diet. He is a self-described “weekday vegetarian”, a compromise that came about after years of trying — and failing — to adhere to a strictly vegetarian diet.
For the past year, Hill has preached the cause of partial vegetarianism to help fight global warming. According to the UN, the livestock industry produces 18% of the world’s green house gases. Part-time vegetarians, also known as flexitarians, choose what to eat and when. The popular Meatless Monday movement, which began in 2003, has been backed by many celebrities, including Paul McCartney, who has spearheaded(率先) his own Meat Free Monday campaign. Last year the Belgian city of Ghent picked Thursday as its Veggieday, calling for meat-free options to be served that day in schools and public institutions.
The drive to avoid eating meat on certain days is not new. Catholics have long been urged to abstain(自我克制) on Fridays. But environmentalists have only recently caught on. “The surge is due to a sense of a plateau. You’ve already reached out to the base of strict vegetarians, and it’s hard to get beyond those numbers,” says Peter Singer, a Princeton philosophy professor and the author of Animal Liberation. “People should go further, but it’s progressed in the right direction.”
Although the American Dietetic Association (ADA) doesn’t track the number of part-timers, the group says roughly 2.5% of Americans are strictly vegetarian, a diet that poses no health risks as long as practitioners get enough protein from beans and other nonmeat sources. “A partial-vegetarian plan is a little more user-friendly,” says Dawn Jackson Blatner, a flexitarian and ADA spokesperson.
The goal for many activists is simply to get more people to eat less meat. “Absolute purists should be living in a cave,” says Ingrid Newkirk, president of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). “Anybody who witnesses the suffering of animals and has a glimmer of hope of reducing that suffering can’t take the position that it’s all or nothing. We have to be pragmatic. Screw the principle.”
1. The first quote of the passage is intended to show that .
A) sushi and steak are both Hill’s favorite food
B) the vegetarian movements are popular
C) Hill isn’t a qualified leader of the vegetarian movement
D) it’s difficult to be a strict vegetarian
2. What is said about Graham Hill?
A) He doesn’t eat meat only on weekdays.
B) He doesn’t want to be a strict vegetarian.
C) He is an environmentalist.
D) He failed to lose weight.
3. Why does Paul McCartney support the Meatless Monday movement?
A) He wants to help fight global warming.
B) He’d like to take this to promote his popularity.
C) He is a Catholic avoiding eating meat on Mondays.
D) He is an advocate of protecting animals.
4. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A) Part-time vegetarians account for nearly 2.5% of Americans.
B) A fully vegetarian diet may have no bad effect on health.
C) Partial vegetarians are healthier than strict vegetarians.
D) Many celebrities are part-time vegetarians.
5. According to Ingrid Newkirk,  .
A) people should adhere to a strictly vegetarian diet
B) everybody should act to fight global warming
C) a partial-vegetarian plan works more sensibly
D) people should stop eating meat since it’s bad for health
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学生答案：D；C；A；B；C
简答题
题型：简答题主观题分值30分难度：中等得分：26
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C6. Translation. Translate the following passage into Chinese.
When women work for women, a different dynamic often takes over. Susan, a cashier in a Toronto auction house, says that she has explored friendships with some of her female bosses and feels she can rely on them more. While women may feel more at ease with a female boss, men often have to make concessions to the new working styles. Brian, a marine biologist, says, “It took me a couple of years before I felt comfortable enough to relax around a female manager. In fact, my relations with her were much more businesslike.”

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