• 游客 购买了资源 2007年8月13日,湖南省湘西自治州凤凰县正在建设的堤溪沱江大桥发生坍塌事故,造成64人死亡22人受伤,直接经济损失3974.7万元。 (一)事故原因和性质 1.直接原因。 由于大桥主拱圈砌筑材料未满足规范和设计要求,拱桥上部构造施工工序不合理,主拱圈砌筑质量差,降低了拱圈砌体的整体性和强度,随着拱上荷载的不断增加,造成1号孔主拱圈靠近0号桥台一侧约3~4m宽范围内,即2号腹拱下的拱脚区段砌体强度达到破坏极限而坍塌,受连拱效应影响,整个大桥迅速坍塌。 2.间接原因。 ①施工单位项目经理部擅自变更原主拱圈施工方案,现场管理混乱,违规乱用料石,主拱圈施工不符合规范要求,在主拱圈未达到设计强度的情况下就开始落架施工作业。②建设单位项目管理混乱,对发现的施工质量问题未认真督促施工单位整改,未经设计单位同意擅自与施工单位变更原主拱圈设计施工方案,盲目倒排工期赶进度,越权指挥,甚至要求监理不要上桥检查。③监理单位未能制止施工单位擅自变更原主拱圈施工方案,对发现的主拱圈施工质量问题督促整改不力,在主拱圈砌筑完成但强度资料尚未测出的情况下即签字验收合格。 3.事故性质: 这是一起生产安全责任事故。 (二)对事故责任人员及责任单位的处理 1.移送司法机关处理人员。移送司法机关处理人员共13人。其中:监理公司现场监理处副处长兼现场监理余xx,涉嫌工程重大安全事故罪;现场监理处处长李xx,涉嫌工程重大安全事故罪。 2.给予党纪、政纪处分人员。给予党纪、政纪处分人员共19人。其中:监理公司党支部书记、副经理续xx,对事故发生负有重要领导责任,给予行政记大过、党内警告处分;监理公司总工汤x,对事故发生负有主要领导责任,给予行政撤职、党内严重警告处分。 3.对事故有关人员的处理…… 4.对事故有关单位的处理。……暂扣监理有限公司“工程监理证书”等有关证照。 (三)中央电视台专访的专家视点 沱江大桥突然坍塌存在以下几个问题: 1.为了州庆缩短大桥养护期。沱江大桥施工工期过紧,施工中变更了主拱圈砌筑的程序,拱架拆卸过早。据了解,主拱圈的养护期是28天,第19天开始卸架,养护期不够,比规定少了9天。因为养护期减短,大桥拱圈承载能力减弱。 2.桥下地质复杂,桥墩严重裂缝。施工中就已经发现桥墩的地质构造比较复杂,而且还发现0号桥墩下面有严重裂隙。施工中虽然对此处进行了一些处理,但现在看来,没有从根本上解决问题。大桥垮塌的方向从0号桥墩开始,像积木一样顺一个方向垮塌。 3.所用沙石含土量过高。主拱圈砌筑质量有问题。砌筑要使用料石,但事故后发现,塌下来的主拱圈中还有片石;砌筑的砂浆不饱满,有空隙、空洞;沙石含泥量比较高,影响混凝土的黏结力。 4.工程层层分包,质量管理混乱。质量管理方面存在问题。施工中有工程变更,却没有及时告知监理单位;监理单位发现了问题,没有及时向上级部门反映;工程分包单位多,层层分包。 问题: 1.上述案例中,监理工程师巡视发现施工单位未按主拱圈施工方案施工时,该如何处理? 2.安全监理工作中,监理工程师该如何检查分包单位? 3.事故发生后,监理工程师应做哪些工作? 问题: 1.上述案例中,监理工程师巡视发现施工单位未按主拱圈施工方案施工时,该如何处理? 2.安全监理工作中,监理工程师该如何检查分包单位? 3.事故发生后,监理工程师应做哪些工作?
  • 游客 购买了资源 某工程,施工合同中约定:工期19周;钢筋混凝土基础工程量增加超出15%时,结算时对超出部分按原价的90%调整单价。经总监理工程师批准的施工总进度计划如下图所示,其中A、C工作为钢筋混凝土基础工程,B、G工作为片石混凝土基础工程,D、E、F、H、I工作为设备安装工程,K、L、J、N工作为设备调试工作。
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国开电大理工英语4形考任务单元自测5答案

题目顺序是随机的,使用查找功能(Ctrl+F)进行搜索

题目:______ thinking is the heart of the artistic design.

答案:Creative

题目:—Good morning, Jeff. Would you mind going to get me a cup of coffee at the Starbucks?

答案:No problem! You want the usual?

题目:—Jeff, I’d appreciate it if you could help me with the opening speech I’m giving next

答案:Well, it’s pretty busy this morning

题目:—Oh, by the way, how was your report of the new batteries coming along?

答案:It’s going pretty well

题目:—What errands did you have to do today?

答案:Done one, and another one to do.

题目:—You know a good schedule brings efficiency to the work.

答案:I see your point.

题目:Combining carbon and super-capacitors _______ a perfect marriage.

答案:seems like

题目:He is still a ______ in handling such things.

答案:green hand

题目:He would much ______ it if you could do him the favor.

答案:appreciate

题目:It ______me that I had a choice.

答案:hit

题目:It is _______ an interesting story that I want to read it again.

答案:such

题目:It is the ability to do the job ______ matters not where you come from or what you are.

答案:what

题目:The box is  hold these things.

答案:too small to

题目:The current death rate is reduced _______ 10% compared with that of the year of 1980.

答案:by

题目:This is a highly ______ new heating system.

答案:efficient

“二、阅读理解:阅读下面的短文,根据文章内容从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
(课外选材)
When computer servers operate a complex program, they can get very hot. Cooling the servers can be costly. So researchers asked what would happen if the heat created by the servers could be captured and used?
Data centers of large Internet companies such as Google and Microsoft have thousands of computer servers. As these servers process information, they create large amounts of heat, so they need huge cooling systems. These systems send the heat into the air. The Dutch company Nerdalize thinks paying for electricity to operate the servers and then paying again to cool them is a waste of energy. So it developed a device called the e-Radiator. It is a computer server that also works as a heating source. Boaz Leupe is the chief executive officer of Nerdalize. He says the e-Radiator saves money because companies don’t have to pay to cool their servers.
“The kilowatt(千瓦)hour you are using is used twice — once to heat the home and once to compute the client’s task without the cooling overhead.” He says five homeowners in the Netherlands are testing the heating device in their homes. “We reimburse the electricity the server uses, and that we can do because of the computer clients on the other side, and, in that way, homeowners actually get heating for free, and computer users don’t have to pay for the overhead of the data center.”
Jan Visser is one of the participants in the year-long experiment. He says the amount of heat produced by the e-Radiator depends on the work being done by the computer server. He says it cannot be used as the primary source of heat. But he is ready to try it.
He says if it provides enough warmth, he will be able to use his home’s heating system less, which will save him money. Nerdalize says e-Radiators create heat temperatures of up to 55℃. It says the devices could save users up to $440 in heating costs a year.
1.Why did researchers ask what would happen if the heat created by the servers could be captured and used?{A; B; C}
A. Because computers can get very hot.
B. Computer servers is a complex program.
C. Cooling computer servers costs a lot of money.
2.The computer servers in large Internet companies such as Google and Microsoft can {A; B; C}.
A. create large amounts of information
B. create large quantity of heat
C. manage the huge cooling systems
3. Nerdalize developed the e-Radiator because {A; B; C}.
A. e-Radiator cost less energy
B. e-Radiator can cool the servers for free
C. e-Radiator can create cold air for free
4.According to Jan Visser, the amount of heat produced by the e-Radiator {A; B; C}.
A. depends on the work being processed by PC
B. cannot be used as the home’s heating system
C. cannot be used as the main source of heat
5.The best title for this passage is {A; B; C}
A. The New Way to Heat Homes
B. The New Way to Cool Homes
C. Hot Computers Could Be Used for Free”

答案:子问题 1:C; 子问题 2:B; 子问题 3:B; 子问题 4:C; 子问题 5:A

“二、阅读理解:阅读下面的短文,根据文章内容从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
Climate change has caused a rise in sea levels. This has increased {A. an amount of; B. the amount of; C. a number of} salt in fresh water used on coastal farms. As a result farmers are increasingly {A. unable; B. able; C. possible} to use fields close to the sea.
Scientists call this process “salinization” which means a mixture of salt and water. Salinization is reducing the world’s irrigated lands {A. to; B. by; C. at} 1 to 2 percent every year.
But a farmer in the Netherlands is now using a mixture of sea and fresh water to grow healthy and tasty vegetables. Marc Van started with an {A. investment; B. examination; C. experiment}. “We put in a lot of plants in the fields and then we put in, put them in fresh water and in sea water and all the varieties between it, and then we see which variety is surviving and which variety is {A. living; B. dead; C. dying}.””

答案:子问题 1:B. the amount of; 子问题 2:A. unable; 子问题 3:B. by; 子问题 4:C. experiment; 子问题 5:C. dying

“二、阅读理解:阅读下面的对话,选择合适的内容将对话补充完整。
(教材对话原文)
Jeff: Morning, Roger.
Roger: Good morning, Jeff. {A; B; C; D; E} Would you mind going to get me a cup of coffeeat the Starbucks across the street? I know you just got here, but I would really appreciate it.
Jeff: {A; B; C; D; E}
Roger: Yes. Impressed that you remember!
Jeff:Your flavour I never forget.
Jeff leaves to go get a coffee, and then comes back with it.
Jeff: Here you go, Roger.
Roger: Thanks. Oh, Jeff, {A; B; C; D; E}with the opening speech I’m giving next week at our company.
Jeff: Well, it’s pretty busythis morning, but I’ll have some time between five and six p.m. Would that be okay?
Roger: {A; B; C; D; E}I’m going to talk about the new energy storage material, and I think you have an excellent grasp of the subject.
Jeff: Thank you.
Roger: Oh, by the way, {A; B; C; D; E}?
Jeff: It’s going pretty well.
Roger: I’d like to see it sometime. Do you think you could get it on my desk by 4 p.m. today?
Jeff: No problem. I’ll get it to you.
Roger: Great. Have a good one, Jeff.
Jeff: You too.
A. how was your report of the new batteries coming along?
B. I’d appreciateit if you could help me
C. No problem! You want the usual?
D. It’s good to see you.
E. Yes, that would be great.”

答案:子问题 1:D; 子问题 2:C; 子问题 3:B; 子问题 4:E; 子问题 5:A

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